On the pillars on both sides of the purlin wall hung a pair of couplets, which read "Reading sages' books can do a lot". The font was round and vigorous, and the inscription was "Da Zhongguang". Da Zhongguang was a famous painter and calligrapher in the early Qing Dynasty. He was removed from office because of his involvement with corrupt officials. He returned to his hometown Maoshan to learn Taoism and was addicted to painting and calligraphy. There are theoretical works on calligraphy and painting, such as Book Raft and Painting Sasakawa.
There is a couplet hanging on the eaves column of the purlin, which was written by Li Hongzhang, a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty. The first couplet reads "understanding, rich in words, accumulating knowledge and storing treasures", and the second couplet reads "understanding, being highly respected, stressing art and building a solid foundation", which means that thoughtful thinking can make words and deeds elegant and accumulate knowledge, just like storing treasures. Sticking to morality can cultivate moral character, and educating others focuses on guidance and standing firm. It is difficult to evaluate Li Hongzhang's merits and demerits in his life, but this couplet shows Li Hongzhang's profound calligraphy attainments.
The colonnade in the main hall is hung with the works of Weng Fanggang, a famous calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. The couplet reads "I am indifferent to autumn water, and Gao Huai sends white clouds". My indifferent heart is like clear autumn water, and my tall mind is pinned on the long white clouds, which embodies a Confucian style. Weng Fanggang's calligraphy is very distinctive. As can be seen from his works, the rich and slender brushstrokes are in sharp contrast. Weng Fanggang has a rich collection of books. Because there are Su Dongpo's calligraphy Songyang Tie and other books at home, the "Sacrifice to Su Dongpo's Birthday" activity is held every year.
The couplet of Jinzhu outside the purlin was written by Li Hongzhang. The couplet reads "thousands of books is suitable for children, crossing the sea and collecting sails in one day". The first couplet implies that the most precious wealth left to future generations is thousands of books, and the second couplet comes from Du Fu's poem "Song of Jiang Weijun". It used to mean that General Wei (who fought in a foreign country for five years) returned from Qinghai triumphantly in one day, and it is used here to mean that he was swift and brave on the day of his success.
The couplets hanging on the pillars in the main hall are official scripts, written by the painter Bian Shoumin in the Qing Dynasty. The first couplet reads "The courtyard is full of fragrant flowers, thanks to the grass, and Zheng's osmanthus tree" and the second couplet reads "The room is full of Tang poems, gold lettering and China articles". There are many allusions in the first part of couplets. Xie Lingyun's poem "Spring grass grows in the pond" is used to "thank Cao Yun". "Zheng Lan" refers to the story that Yan Heng, a concubine in the Spring and Autumn Period, dreamed that an angel gave Mu Gong to Lan, and "Yan Guishu" refers to the story that all five sons of Dou Yanshan School were admitted to the school. The antithesis of this couplet is neat, and the words and allusions are used to express one's feelings. It is definitely a famous couplet through the ages.
The couplets hung by the purlin golden column are the works of Lu Runxiang, a minister in the late Qing Dynasty. The first couplet reads "Nothing is like happiness", and the second couplet reads "Only reading is good in four seasons". The font is beautiful and elegant, and the couplets are unremarkable. Lu Runxiang was born in a school in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. Zhenjiang was called Runzhou in ancient times, and the school name was called Yao in ancient times, so it was named Runyao. Lu Runxiang won the top prize in Tongzhi period, and later became the teacher of the last emperor Puyi. Lu Runxiang not only wanted to implement the New Deal, but also resisted the reform. After Pu Yi abdicated, he still managed Yuqing Palace affairs faithfully, and died of depression in the fourth year of the Republic of China (19 15).
The back hall of the main hall of Kaishan Academy, with four woodcarving screens, is extremely exquisite in workmanship. The material was originally wood, but it was like bamboo. Bamboo joints and bamboo lines are clearly distinguishable. At first glance, everyone thought it was made of bamboo. If you don't know, you will fool almost all the tourists.
There is also a couplet hanging on both sides of the patio. The couplet reads "You can't say anything to people after reading a book", which is the handwriting of Zhang Zhidong, a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty. Zhang Zhidong 16 years old tried to solve the problem in Zhongxiang (the first place), and at the age of 27, he was the third champion in flower exploration. Later, he served as the governor and was called "Zhang Xiangshuai" because of his name Xiang Tao. Zhang Zhidong, a representative of the Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty, advocated that "middle school should be the body and western learning should be used". From the perspective of the times, Zhang Zhidong can be regarded as a loyal, honest and enlightened person in the late Qing Dynasty. According to Pu Yi's My First Half Life, Zhang Zhidong had no money to arrange a funeral when he died. In the end, the court paid the funeral expenses. It's a pity that his two sons didn't inherit the family style and became traitors in order to collect money.
Through the numerous couplets of Kaishan Academy, we can feel the surging history of the late Qing Dynasty. In fact, during the Anti-Japanese War, Kaishan Academy was once filled with the smoke of war.
Zuo Yu 1866, a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty, founded the first modern naval school in China-Fujian Ship Administration School. After the Revolution of 1911, it was renamed Fuzhou Naval Art School. 1935, renamed Ma Jiang Reform School. 1937, the Japanese army invaded China on a large scale and Fuzhou fell. Faced with the crisis of being bombed by the Japanese invaders, Majiang Reform School moved to Youxi Kaishan College, where it was taught for three years and went to the national disaster.
At that time, Majiang Work-study School set up boatmen's drawing calculation, machinery, motor and other majors. Later, aviation machinery and shipbuilding were added. There are 300 students in the school, and Kaishan Academy, Zhai Wei Temple and Zhuzi Temple are all used as classrooms. Zhang and Zhou, next to Kaishan Academy, became places for students to play and stay together in their memoirs.
Thanks to the precipitation of history, a pioneering academy has gathered many people and romantic celebrities. Let's walk into the depths of time and light, accept the influence of culture and feel the quiet years.