1. Hamlet was the prince of ancient Denmark. He is a humanistic figure, which has a lot to do with his education at Wittenberg University.
This is an image full of contradictions. On the one hand, he accepted the influence of humanism, and his heart was full of beautiful ideals, hoping that everything in life would be as perfect as ideals. And a series of accidents in real life broke his ideal. He thought about many philosophical problems like a thinker, but he couldn't find the answers. So he wants to avenge his father, but his heart is contradictory, because he wants not only to avenge his father, but to make a comeback for the whole Gankun. Faced with such a difficult task, he can't act even if he wants to.
He is too introverted, too cautious and too single-handed, which makes him hesitant and slow to act. So, in the end, we can only end up with the enemy.
His tragedy has both objective reasons that the evil forces are too strong and subjective reasons that his memory is not strong. Therefore, Hamlet's tragedy is a tragedy of the times and a tragedy of humanists.
Hamlet's theme, plot and theme. The struggle between Hamlet and Claudius reflects the struggle between bourgeois humanists and reactionary feudal kingship. Hamlet is the central figure of tragedy and a typical emerging bourgeois humanist thinker. The history of hamlet's character development. Unity of Happy Prince, Melancholy Prince, Delayed Prince and Action Prince. Hamlet's melancholy and the meaning of procrastination. Hamlet's personality is full of feelings and thoughts, brave in exploration and good at analysis, but thinking is more than action, and analysis is biased towards philosophy. Fighting alone and being divorced from the masses is an important source of Hamlet's tragedy. The typical meaning of hamlet. The image of Claudius, the blood king, the image of Ophelia, and the image of Latis. It reflects Shakespeare's humanistic thought from both positive and negative aspects: he condemns the civil strife caused by the struggle for power and profit by feudal nobles, and believes that enlightened monarchs can be produced through moral reform, top-down reforms can be implemented, and harmonious social relations and ideal social systems can be established.
Shakespeare turned this story of revenge for his father into the only outstanding tragedy that reflected specific social contradictions. The stock market tells that Prince Hamlet of Denmark was studying at Wittenberg University, a German humanistic thought center, and his father died and went back to China for a funeral. When he returned to China, he saw his uncle usurp the throne, hastily married his mother, and Manchu civil servants flattered the new king. He felt very depressed and miserable. At this time, the ghost of my father appeared and told him that he was actually murdered by his brother. In order to prove the ghost's words and escape the enemy's surveillance, the prince pretended to be insane. The usurper was very suspicious of this, so he sent two of Hamlet's old classmates and his lover, the daughter of the imperial minister, to test his secrets, which were discovered by Hamlet. In order to prove the murderer's crime, Hamlet arranged a "play in a play", which was very similar to the plot of killing his father. The murderer panicked and exposed himself. At this time, the queen was instructed by her husband to talk to the prince. During the conversation, Hamlet found someone eavesdropping behind the curtain and stabbed him to death with a sword. It turned out to be the commander and the father of his lover. The innocent girl lost the love of her father and the prince, so she went crazy and fell into the river and died. Determined to get rid of Hamlet, the new king planned to send him to England so that he could kill people with a knife. But this conspiracy was also seen through by the prince and he returned to Denmark halfway. The new king made a plan to let the son of an imperial envoy compete with the prince, and secretly prepared poisonous swords and wine. In the competition, Hamlet was stabbed with a poisonous sword, and also stabbed the son of the new king and former minister with a poisonous sword. The queen also died of drinking poisoned wine by mistake, and the four died together. Before he died, Hamletu told his friends to continue his unfinished business.
Hamlet is a very complicated character. He is good at observing and thinking about social reality, and once had beautiful ideals and wishes. But his faith in human beings was suddenly shattered by the hypocrisy of his mother and uncle. He felt that his living space turned out to be a "barren and incurable garden full of vicious weeds"! He can't stand "the whipping and ridicule of the world, the humiliation of the oppressor, the cold eyes of the arrogant, the pain of despised love, the delay of the law, the cruelty of officials and the contempt of the humble." His abhorrence of ugly phenomena, his powerlessness in real life, and his deep pain are all questions of "yes or no", which have shocked the souls of generations. It is difficult to completely translate this question into Chinese. It contains many meanings such as "to be or not to be", "to be or not to be" and "to endure or resist". It was because he could not give a clear answer to this question that Hamlet hesitated for a long time and postponed his revenge. There have been different views and arguments about this statement. Some people say that this is due to his "natural hesitation and inaction, so he failed"; Some people say that he is "born depressed", in Goethe's words, this is because he is "weak and lacks charm"; Belinsky, a Russian Democrat, said: "Hamlet was born purely inner, thoughtful, subjective, full of emotion and thought; Terrible events need it, but not feelings and thoughts, but actions; Tell him to go out of the utopian world, enter the real world, and enter an action world completely different from his spiritual temperament. " In fact, all the above are the reasons why revenge can't be realized. In addition, I'm afraid to add his subconscious attachment to his mother, fear of the responsibility after killing his uncle and so on. In addition, this delay is also due to the provisions and needs of drama plots and conflicts.
In a word, Hamlet is a tragedy, a tragedy that people cannot forget.
Shakespeare's plays have created a series of typical characters with strong generality, unique personality and development in contradiction. Many famous tragic figures he created, whether Hamlet with deep and thoughtful thoughts and melancholy meditation, otero with integrity and simple credulity, King Lear with grievance and bitterness, Macbeth with arrogant and cruel power, brutus with magnanimous mind and pure motives, or Antonio with brave and strong personality, are all giant images in Aeschylus' plays, with distinct images and outstanding personality.
Shakespeare lived in the great turning point when the feudal system began to collapse and the emerging bourgeoisie began to rise. At that time, obscurantism represented by religious theology in the Middle Ages was declining, the bourgeois world outlook centered on individualism was deeply rooted in people's hearts, and humanism began to occupy a dominant position in social and cultural thoughts. Shakespeare, on the other hand, boldly criticized the cruelty and darkness of feudal system and the imprisonment of human nature with his plays, which strongly reflected the requirements of the emerging bourgeoisie to establish new social relations and ethical thoughts, and played a great role in promoting the spread of humanism in Britain and Europe. Many of Shakespeare's plays have been lost, and only 37 have survived. According to the development of thought and art, the researchers divided his creation into three periods.
Humanism (also known as humanism) is the core idea of the Renaissance. Humanism affirms the lofty status of human beings, advocates people-oriented everything, and opposes theocracy represented by the Roman church. In view of the church's heresy that life is suffering and evil, humanism opposes asceticism and afterlife, affirms secular life and praises love and personality liberation; In view of obscurantism and mysticism, humanism advocates rationality and thinks that man is a rational animal, so he has the right to pursue knowledge, explore the unknown, understand nature and study science. Humanism advocates kindness and friendship, praises pure friendship and lofty moral character, and advocates equality and adventurous spirit against feudal oppression and feudal hierarchy. In a word, humanism reflects the new spirit of the times, embodies the spirit of high spirits, vigor and optimism, and also shows great creativity.
Italy is the country where the capitalist mode of production first appeared, and it is also the birthplace of humanistic literature. Due to the unique conditions, Italy had to take the lead in opening up the atmosphere. The European Renaissance first arose in Italy in the14th century and became the center of this movement. There are poets Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio in this period. Rabelais in France and Cervantes in Spain, while Britain is the hero in our book-Shakespeare, the king of drama.
The revival of art and literature are complementary, and the Renaissance is indispensable. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael are truly masters of this era. In addition, countries have also made major breakthroughs in architecture and sculpture.
In this era of great changes in the world, philosophy and science are unwilling to be lonely. The religious reform of Martin Luther and Calvin, and the philosophical thoughts of Erasmus and Machiavelli are the products of this era and the development of human history. The appearance of great scientists such as Copernicus, Bruno, Tycho, Kepler and Galileo has brought us a brand-new understanding. While enjoying the leap and sublimation of literature and ideas, people feel that the earth is not our only one and the sun is not our slave. What a great era!
In short, the Renaissance declared the end of the Middle Ages and the birth of modern society.