Keywords: social education, criminal reform
Social assistance and education plays an important role in promoting the education of criminals.
Preliminary study on transformation work
As the penalty executing organ of the country, prison undertakes the task of punishing and reforming criminals and is an important part of the fight against crime. In order to transform criminals into law-abiding citizens, we should not only educate them in ideology, culture and vocational skills, but also organize social forces to help them.
First, the significance and role of social assistance and education in educating and reforming criminals.
Article 6 1 of China's Prison Law stipulates that "prison education should be combined with social education" in the educational reform of criminals. A criminal is a person who commits a crime and is punished according to law. They are a special social group. The overall goal of prison work in China is to educate and reform criminals and make them law-abiding citizens. Therefore, how to improve the quality of criminal education and reform and promote the achievements of criminal education and reform has become a key problem faced by modern prison police. As an important means of educating and reforming criminals, social assistance is particularly important. It is the main carrier for social forces to participate in the education and reform of criminals.
Social assistance and education refers to the auxiliary educational activities of the prison people's police to educate and reform criminals by using social forces outside the prison. It realizes the individualization, socialization and scientificity of educational reform by integrating social educational resources; It is one of the effective basic educational means generally adopted by the supervision and reform organs. Its function is to make criminals feel the warmth of the country, society and family, enhance their confidence in reform and encourage criminals to reform in hope; It can make criminals feel the harm of criminal acts to victims, correctly understand sentencing, and promote criminals to blame themselves, think more, and plead guilty and obey the law; It can make criminals feel the information of the times in time, broaden their horizons, adjust the rhythm of prisoners' single life in prison, enrich their spiritual life and promote the process of criminals' re-socialization; At the same time, it is also conducive to winning social support for prison work, promoting the overall progress of prison work and establishing a good image of a new socialist prison.
China mobilized social forces to help educate prisoners in the early 1980s, and this activity has been going on for nearly 20 years. Because this activity has played an irreplaceable role in enhancing the confidence of criminals in life, encouraging criminals to accept reform and improving the quality of criminal reform, social forces have become one of the characteristics of reforming criminals in China. Here is an example that happened around me: prison criminal Qiu Mou (23 years old, from Yong 'an City, Fujian Province, with a primary school education, was sentenced to life imprisonment for intentional homicide and robbery, and was admitted to prison on April 25, 2000). Since he entered the prison, he has not been strict with himself, and his sense of supervision and discipline is weak. During his imprisonment, he often had conflicts, fights and violations with the police, and the police talked to him many times. Later, in the process of consulting the prisoners' files, I found that there were relatives such as parents, brothers and sisters at home, but they all came to visit and contact from the future. After many efforts, they contacted and communicated with their families and negotiated the work of helping and educating. After nearly half a year's help and education, the prisoner's thought and behavior have improved obviously, and his reform performance has also made great progress, and his sentence has been reduced by 1 year. Although this case is a small example of social assistance and education in the education and reform of criminals, it reflects the important role of assistance and education, especially family assistance and education, in promoting the safety and stability of supervision and educating and reforming criminals. It can call back a person's soul, regain lost confidence and establish a correct outlook on life, values and world. It can be said that the educational reform without social assistance is imperfect and isolated. Only by organically combining the daily management education of prison police with the help and education of criminals by social forces can it become a comprehensive and effective means of criminal education and reform.
Second, the characteristics and types of social assistance and education in China.
(1) The main features of China's activities to mobilize social forces to help educate prison inmates are as follows: (1) There are a wide range of participants, including leaders of party and government organs, deputies to people's congresses, etc. CPPCC member; Personnel of political and legal organs; Representatives of trade unions, the Communist Youth League and women's federations; Hero models in various industries; Celebrities; Veteran cadres, teachers, etc. In society; (2) The main ways of helping and educating are that social help and education personnel come to prison to visit criminals, make reports and give speeches to criminals, etc. (3) The focus of assistance and education is mainly on the legal system, morality, ideals and future education.
(2) The types of social assistance and education in China are mainly "two extensions", namely outward extension and backward extension. The so-called outward extension refers to mobilizing the relatives of criminals, the former unit of criminals and the whole society to care about and support the work of reforming criminals in prisons, such as inviting social celebrities to do persuasion and probation work in prisons, organizing outstanding criminals to make statements and reports in prisons, mobilizing relatives of criminals to do persuasion work in prisons, etc ... One of the most important forms is that prisons sign agreements with relatives of criminals, their former work units or the government where their original accounts are located to help and educate criminals. The agreement clearly stipulates the responsibilities and specific contents of both parties in reforming criminals and social assistance and education. The duties of a prison are: to carry out legal, strict, scientific and civilized management of criminals; Actively carry out ideological, cultural and technical education, organize them to participate in literature, art, sports and other beneficial activities, and create conditions for their resettlement and employment after returning to society; Actively do a good job in visiting relatives in prisons, conduct home visits to key targets, often introduce them to the reform of criminals, and give full play to the special role of relatives, and so on. Local responsibility: often mobilize and organize all sectors of society to publicize and educate criminals in prisons and promote their ideological transformation; Actively cooperate with prisons to do a good job of relatives of criminals, help solve the specific difficulties encountered by criminals' families, and properly solve the problems of enrollment, employment and schooling of criminals in accordance with laws and policies. Outward extension includes two aspects: family support and education, social groups and individuals support and education.
The so-called delay means that when a prisoner is released from prison, the prison should truthfully introduce his reform performance to the local government and assist the local government in the resettlement and education of released prisoners. Relevant departments of local governments actively provide assistance and education in reception, education and employment guidance for released prisoners. For example, organize ex-prisoners to consult the local labor department online, provide them with the conditions to meet with employers, and invite social employers to recruit ex-prisoners from prisons to improve their employment competitiveness.
Third, the problems existing in the current prison social assistance and education work.
After more than 20 years of practice, it has been proved that it is correct and effective to mobilize social forces to help educate prisoners. However, due to the influence of subjective and objective factors, there are still some shortcomings in the current prison social assistance and education work.
(1) The understanding of social and prison thoughts is not high, and insufficient attention is paid to social assistance and education.
For a long time, prison social assistance and education has been restricted by many traditional factors and failed to play its due role in the educational reform of criminals, making it difficult for this effective form of education to find its due position within the high wall. At present, the education and reform of criminals in prisons mainly depends on the daily management and education of prison police, but the important role of social assistance and education in promoting the education and reform of criminals is not well understood, which leads to insufficient attention to social assistance and education. On the other hand, due to long-term historical reasons, the prison authorities are in a closed social environment, and the society lacks understanding of the education and reform of prisons and criminals. People always keep the idea that educating and reforming criminals is the responsibility of prison authorities and has nothing to do with society, especially in the era of "taking class struggle as the key link" Due to the misunderstanding, the public regards prison criminals as "scum" in society. Only severe punishment can be given, but no help and education can be given, otherwise the "position" will not be firm. After entering the new period of reform and opening up, with the scientific understanding of the causes of crimes, the public psychology has also changed, that is, criminals serving sentences in prisons are completely excluded and gradually tolerated, and they are regarded as both perpetrators of behaviors that endanger society and special groups that need help and education from social forces. However, there is still a general lack of understanding and initiative in helping and educating criminals. This is the main factor that affects and restricts social assistance and education of prison inmates.
(2) The scope of social assistance and education is narrow, and the form of assistance and education is single.
In the process of social assistance and education, because fewer people participate in social assistance and education, and more criminals need assistance and education, it is impossible to satisfy every criminal who needs assistance and education, resulting in too few criminals actually receiving assistance and education, and only a few criminals can be selected for assistance and education. Moreover, most of the people who participate in social assistance and education are government agencies and social organizations, which educate prisoners on the situation, policies, laws and ethics, while there are fewer professional assistance and education personnel who need mental health education, and the overall scope of assistance and education is narrow. In the form of assistance and education, in the specific assistance and education activities, the main method is to invite relatives of criminals to visit, comfort and encourage criminals, and urge them to reform with peace of mind; Invite social organizations to prison, educate criminals on morality, ideals and future, and enhance their confidence in reform. There is a lack of "interaction" in helping and teaching, and the form is relatively simple.
(3) The number of social assistance and educational activities is small, and it is a mere formality.
Due to the lack of ideological attention and the development of prison work, prisons pay more and more attention to production efficiency and put a lot of energy on production, which weakens the education and reform of criminals. As one of the important means to educate and reform criminals, social assistance education has obviously been neglected. It is mainly manifested in the fact that the number of various educational activities is too small, usually three or four times a year, which is too formalistic and has not achieved good results. Some even spend a lot of manpower and material resources, and have not played their due social education effect. Take a prison as an example. Every year, the prison invites relevant social personnel to the prison to help teach and distribute condolences. The main helpers include neighboring counties, municipal government organs, judicial staff, lawyers, etc. To provide forms, policies, moral education, legal aid and employment guidance for criminals. , but the number of times is small and the number of recipients is limited. Some areas are relatively remote, especially prisoners from other provinces, who have long lacked social help and education.