? Since the reform and opening up, China's manufacturing industry has developed rapidly with its low manufacturing cost, and has gradually become a "world factory" and "Made in China" is world-renowned! However, in the face of increasingly fierce global competition and rising domestic labor costs, the advantage of "Made in China" no longer exists, and the whole domestic manufacturing industry is facing unprecedented challenges. How to enhance the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry and upgrade it from "Made in China" to "Made in China" is the only way for China's economy. In May of 20 15, the State Council promulgated the "Made in China 2025" action program, put forward the "three-step" strategy of building a manufacturing power, and endowed China with a new mission in vocational education. How to achieve high-quality and high-level professionals and lay the foundation for "China's intellectual creation" is a new opportunity and challenge for every higher vocational student.
1, inheriting the "artisan spirit"
Under the guidance of the "Made in China 2025" action plan, the craftsman spirit is not only "the realistic need to promote the all-round development and self-realization of the educated, but also the call of the times for the systematic reform of vocational education".
Lu Ban, a craftsman "grandfather" in the Spring and Autumn Period, Li Bing, a master of water conservancy engineering, and Li Chun, a master of bridge building in the Sui Dynasty, are all outstanding representatives of outstanding craftsmen in ancient China, and they are all praised by the world for their unique craftsmanship. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" once recorded: "A craftsman is also a carpenter; Work, clever decoration. " Wei Yuan, a thinker in the Qing Dynasty, once said, "Technology advances in art, and technology advances in Tao", and personal skills reach a certain level, becoming an art with aesthetic value and reaching the realm of Tao.
The ancient "artisan spirit" shows the charm of heart-to-heart, immersive and powerful action, while the modern "artisan spirit" begins with vocational education and is embodied in enterprise production and service. Broadly speaking, it refers to the value program that social workers follow in their professional activities, and it is a collection of their professional values, professional attitudes and professional spirit. In a narrow sense, it is the value pursuit of product quality by craftsmen headed by skilled talents, and it is a professional spirit of professional awe, persistent work, advocating fine products and pursuing the ultimate.
From the perspective of personnel training, it is innate, necessary and indispensable to stipulate that schools should cultivate students' craftsmanship. The period of higher vocational education is the decisive stage for the formation of students' world outlook, outlook on life and values, and it belongs to the golden age for the cultivation of craftsman spirit. The cultivation of students' craftsman spirit in higher vocational colleges belongs to the source cultivation, which is very important for students to carry forward the craftsman spirit after graduation. Craftsman spirit is the inherent quality of skilled talents, and cultivating craftsman spirit embodies the essential requirements of human beings. The cultivation of craftsman spirit should combine practical needs with long-term development, "maintain a certain tension between regularity and purpose, and integrate the cultivation of craftsman spirit into the whole process of talent cultivation".
2. Build an open concept of talent development.
First, the talent training system of vocational education is open to the outside world, and the talent training system of vocational schools is integrated with the social vocational training system. First, it is necessary to promote the integration of vocational qualification certificates and academic qualifications, effectively connect vocational teaching contents with vocational qualification standards, and implant vocational standards into the design and implementation of curriculum standards and curriculum contents. The second is to build a manufacturing-intensive vocational education and training system. Create a good environment for manufacturing associations and manufacturing enterprises to actively participate in the reform and development of vocational education, support vocational colleges, manufacturing industry authorities, manufacturing associations, enterprises and other social resources to establish vocational education cooperation alliances, assist the alliances to update the learning content in time according to the requirements of manufacturing post ability and employment information, and establish a long-term tracking or even lifelong cascading vocational and technical skills training mechanism. The third is to encourage the establishment of inter-enterprise training centers among manufacturing enterprises to provide on-the-job technical training for vocational education students and on-the-job management training for enterprise employees.
Second, the opening-up of the talent training system in vocational education has promoted the integration and infiltration of general vocational education. On the one hand, we should attach importance to career education in compulsory education, rely on technical practice courses offered by schools, strengthen the enlightenment and cultivation of manufacturing concepts, knowledge and ability, help students establish the idea of respecting labor and paying attention to technological progress, and guide students to understand the common sense of manufacturing industrial structure and industrial types from the superficial to the deep. On the other hand, accelerate the construction of the national education qualification certificate system. China should speed up the establishment of the national education qualification certificate system, promote the mutual recognition of credits and curriculum exchange between vocational education and general education, form a smoother path of transformation and continuing education between them, and clear the obstacles for the professional development of manufacturing talents.
3, strive for perfection, improve the overall quality.
Compared with ordinary university education, vocational education was put on a "low-end" coat in the past. In the past, most students who did not take the college entrance examination chose vocational education, which made it impossible for students who had taken the college entrance examination to apply for vocational education schools. Now this situation is changing. The state advocates "taking the development of higher vocational education as an important way to optimize the structure of higher education, train craftsmen and skilled craftsmen in big countries, and let more urban and rural new laborers receive higher education." We must break the self-restraint of higher vocational students who are inferior to undergraduates, demand ourselves with the standards of national pillars, improve our professional quality and comprehensive ability in an all-round way, carry forward our advantages of strong hands-on ability, and achieve "integration of knowledge and practice".
/kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, Mr. Huang Yanpei, together with people in education and industry, put forward the idea of "making the unemployed have jobs and those who have jobs happy" to promote vocational education. Having a job requires a skill, and happiness represents a positive attitude towards life and value orientation. Therefore, vocational education itself is not only an education to teach people skills, but also a pursuit of happiness. Nowadays, China's vocational education has a deeper connotation and is endowed with a heavier historical task. To cultivate students' basic qualities as craftsmen in the future, we need to start with "morality" and "skill".
Cultivating students' skills is the fundamental task of vocational education and the core purpose of students' learning. Vocational colleges should actively cultivate modern apprentices and strengthen school-enterprise cooperation, so that students can truly master a skill and lay a solid foundation for future career development. On the other hand, it is necessary to cultivate students' cultural background, integrate the cultural requirements of enterprise industry and the requirements of employees' literacy into the process of talent training and professional education, and fully cultivate students' professional literacy; At the same time, strengthen humanities education and improve students' moral level and humanistic quality. The self-growth of the majority of vocational college students is not only related to the future livelihood of a family, but also the hope of "China Zhizao"!