First, the basic knowledge part
Watercolor pigments are made of glue and can penetrate each other, showing unique effects such as transparency, lightness and wetness. /kloc-European watercolor painting in the 0/5th century, in which the pigment on the paper is dissolved with water when painting. Watercolor painting began with white water on paper, and developed into an independent painting in Britain in the18th century.
It was Zheng who laid the foundation of the brush ink watercolor painting method and produced the moon card with fashionable aesthetic feeling.
Gouache painting is a mixture of powder pigments (called gouache pigments or advertising colors) and water. Color is generally opaque, and if used properly, it can have two visual effects: heavy, bright and light.
Brightness, also known as luminosity and brightness, generally refers to the stimulation of a certain color of light to the human eye. The greater the amount of reflection, the brighter the object, the smaller the amount of reflection and the darker the color of the object. The former has high brightness and the latter has low brightness. In general, the factors that determine the amount of reflection come from the light source and the inherent color, so the lightness of color also has two meanings. 1 depends on the light source, and the same color has different brightness under different intensities of light. Under the same lighting conditions, the brightness of different colors is also different.
The emotion of color symbolizes the different color changes in nature, which can make us have different psychological feelings. In the long-term social life and practice, people have gradually formed some specific meanings, feelings and psychological reactions to different colors. For example, in life, white often gives people a feeling of purity and elegance; Green symbolizes life, youth and peace; Yellow and red give people the feeling of luxury, enthusiasm and warmth; Blue gives people a quiet and cool feeling; Black is often used to express solemnity, solemnity and deep feelings.
The warmth of color and the warmth tendency of color are also called "color". The warmth and coldness of color refers to people's perception of color through vision, which is the result of people's association in long-term experience. Warm colors: Red, orange and yellow remind people of the sun and flames, which makes them feel warm. These colors are called warm colors.
Cool colors: blue, turquoise, and blue-purple remind people of ice and snow and the sea, giving people a cold feeling. People call these colors cool colors.
Arts and crafts are material products designed and manufactured in accordance with the principle of beauty by using certain materials and techniques for the purpose of practicality and display, which are called arts and crafts. Arts and crafts cover bowl with red peony pattern-Ming bronze galloping horse-Mid-levels urn of Eastern Han Dynasty-bird-shaped drum stand of Majiayao culture-Nanmu throne inlaid in Huang Huali in the Warring States Period-Ming agate sunflower-shaped cup with supporting cup-Three-color precious flower plate pastel hollowed-out bottle in Qing Dynasty-dry bamboo silk weaving basket-How to appreciate arts and crafts with excellent shape, material, color, decoration and craftsmanship;
The principle of modeling beauty is properly applied, the structure is symmetrical, and the modeling outline is beautiful, reflecting the spirit of the times.
The beauty of material reflects the beauty of material texture through ingenious design and processing.
The common aesthetic feeling of the color of the material itself and the additional color.
The decorative beauty of arts and crafts, such as sculpture and painting.
The beauty of craftsmanship is exquisite or has a special style, giving people a sense of beauty.
Suzhou embroidery, Guangdong embroidery, Shu embroidery and Xiang embroidery are four famous embroideries in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Painted pottery China ancient painted pottery. With hematite as the main pigment, the combination of color, decoration and modeling reflects the cultural features of ancient tribes, reflecting the aesthetic ability and technical production at that time has reached a considerable level.
The artistic achievements of Yangshao culture semi-slope painted pottery and Miaodigou painted pottery are the most outstanding.
Painted pottery originated in the Yellow River valley and is decorated with fish patterns.
Painted Pot with Dance Patterns: A Masterpiece of Painted Pot Art in Majiayao Culture of Sunjiazhai, Datong, Qinghai
The uses of pottery can be divided into utensils, cookers and storage containers.
The decoration of Zhiyu man and caveman shows mature drilling technology, which is of great significance in the history of sculpture.
The oldest decoration in China is the graphite decoration of Zhiyuren about 28,940 years ago.
Tiles covering the eaves of a roof. Generally refers to the semi-regular or round tile head. It was first seen in the Zhou Dynasty and became popular in Qin and Han Dynasties. Most common tiles are made of simple tiles, and the back section of the tiles is semi-cylindrical, with various patterns and decorations such as animals, plants, figures and moiré. It not only has practical function, but also has decorative beauty.
Pastel porcelain appeared in Kangxi period.
Summary of colored lead glazed pottery products in Tang Dynasty. Prevalent in the prosperous Tang Dynasty from Wu Zetian to Kaiyuan and Tianbao in the middle Tang Dynasty. Three-color glaze is mainly white, yellow and green, and there are also a few blue or black glazes. Martyrs and camels and horses are the best products.
Cloisonne, also known as cloisonne enamel, is a unique process that combines porcelain and copper. To make cloisonne, we should first use red copper as a tire, then stick a pattern on the tire with flat and thin copper wire, and then embed the pattern with different colors of enamel glaze. After this process is completed, it is repeatedly sintered, polished and plated with gold. A kind of ancient tomb sculpture. In ancient times, the living were sacrificed and later replaced by dolls made of different materials, such as wood, stone, copper and pottery. , called figurines.
Qinling terracotta warriors and horses third military region
Sculpture of "Drumming Rape Figurines" in Eastern Han Dynasty
Storyteller: Pottery Sculpture of Eastern Han Dynasty in Sichuan
The artistic feature of the Qin Mausoleum 1 Terracotta Warriors and Horses is that they appear in the form of group sculptures, and create a magnificent momentum by using the repetition of many upright static objects. Advocating realism, rigorous techniques, and paying attention to depicting the mental outlook and personality characteristics of characters. 3. Make-up and whitewash, and combine painting and plastic to make the image more colorful.
China ancient ancestral temple, mausoleum, stone que, stone tablet, coffin and other stone decorative paintings. Prevalent in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It has painting, sculpture and architecture. It has a wide range of contents, various forms, changeable composition and high artistic value. Representative works include "The Portrait of Infinite Temple" and "The Portrait of Yinan Stone Tomb".
Stone reliefs sprouted in the Western Han Dynasty.
Stone relief and brick relief are two major features of painting and sculpture in Qin and Han Dynasties.
Stone reliefs are used as building stones for tombs, sarcophagus, shrines or stone tombs.
Stone relief of Wuliangsi in Jiaxiang, Shandong Province in the Eastern Han Dynasty
In the Western Han Dynasty, the main group carvings in front of the Xiongnu tomb in Huo Qubing (known as "the stone carvings in the Han Dynasty are deep and heroic" and "the tomb is like Qilian Mountain"). The author uses fable technique, symbolizing a title of generals in ancient times with vigorous war horses, trampling Xiongnu generals on the ground with war horses, and praising Huo Qubing's outstanding achievements in the Xiongnu War. This is an immortal sculpture. ,
Yuan Dynasty Yongle Palace mural, Sanqing Hall folk painter Ma, etc. The composition of Chunyangtang adopts the expression of comic books.
The oldest mural ink: the site of Hongshan Culture Goddess Temple in Niuheliang, Liaoning Province
Bronze originated in the Yellow River valley and is an alloy of copper and tin. There are four categories: ritual vessels, musical instruments, weapons, tools and chariots and horses. Among them, ritual vessels are used to distinguish grades in the ruling stage. Its varieties are Ding, Dou, Zun, Pan, Zhong and so on.
Pre-Qin bronzes are divided into ritual vessels, musical instruments, weapons, tools and chariots and horses.
Bronze ritual vessels are objects used by the ruling class to distinguish between the superior and the inferior. It is the main object of bronze art research in China art history.
The bronze lotus crane square pot in the Spring and Autumn Period has the artistic characteristics of the era of great social change.
Bronze Masterpiece of the Warring States Period A large bronze chime unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Hou in Sui County, Hubei Province.
Mosaic is a kind of mosaic art, and it is a kind of expression method to paste colored patches such as pebbles, shellfish, tiles and glass sheets on the wall or floor to draw patterns. It is a decorative art with strong practicability.
1. China's freehand brushwork pays attention to the use of pen and ink. The use of the pen includes writing, walking and receiving. The use of ink includes the shade of ink color and the change of dry and wet.
2. The basic techniques of Chinese painting are hook, hook, dot and dye.
3. The beauty of color in painting refers to the beauty of unity and change.
The great difference in color is a strong contrast. In the color circle, the interval is 150- 180 degrees, and the weak contrast with small color difference is less than 60 degrees in the color circle.
5. Art class can be divided into painting class, handicraft class and appreciation class. Craft classes often use methods such as cutting, carving, digging, gluing and splicing.
6. The basic law of perspective is that the near is big and the far is small, which can be divided into angular perspective and Parallel perspective. Angle perspective means that one corner of an object is opposite to the painter, and Parallel perspective means that one side of the object is opposite to the painter.
7. If you want to sketch a good figure, you need to know the general proportion, structure and dynamic law of the human body, and you also need to rely on the memory and understanding of the image.
8. Choosing a suitable image or object as the content of the picture is also called framing composition, layout or commercial positioning. Pay attention to the position, space and line color of objects in the picture.
9. Paper-cutting is characterized by various forms, simplicity, rich content and strong decoration. The steps are drafting, determining drawings, carving, drilling and cutting, and installing.
10. The three primary colors are red, yellow and blue. These three colors are orange, green and purple.
1 1. Orange is composed of red and yellow, green is composed of yellow and blue, and purple is composed of red and blue.
12. elements of color refers to the lightness, purity and hue of color, lightness refers to the lightness and shade of color, and hue refers to the appearance of color itself. Adding white can improve brightness, and adding black can reduce brightness.
13. Cool colors refer to colors that give people a cold feeling, such as blue and green, while warm colors refer to colors that give people a warm feeling, such as red and orange.
14. Chinese painting can be divided into meticulous painting and freehand brushwork in form, and can be divided into landscape painting, flower-and-bird painting and figure painting in content.
15. Any object can be summarized in four basic forms: cube, cylinder, cone and sphere.
16. The basic tone of sketch is three major faces and five tones. The three main surfaces are light receiving surface, backlight surface and reflecting surface. Five tones refer to bright surface, gray surface, light-dark boundary, dark surface and reflection.
17. There are three kinds of artistic calligraphy: Song Style, Bold Style and Variant Style. Black calligraphy is square or rectangular, with thick strokes and basically equal strokes.
18. A single mode refers to a mode that has nothing to do with its surroundings and is the basic unit of the mode. The pattern that connects left, right and up is called quadrilateral continuous pattern.
19. Corner patterns are decorative patterns, which can be divided into symmetrical patterns and balanced patterns.
20. Arranging a fractal in an orderly way is called the repetition of orderly aesthetics.
The orderly gradient of 2 1. shape is called gradient.
22. Symmetry is called symmetry, with a regular, neat and stable aesthetic feeling.
22. Adults are 7.5 heads tall and teenagers are 6 heads tall.
23. "Three courts and five eyes" means that the facial length of a character is divided into three parts, namely, the upper court is from hairline to forehead, the atrium is from forehead to nose tip, and the lower court is from nose tip to jaw.
24. Sketch can be divided into structure sketch and light and dark sketch.
25. The painter who is good at painting horses is Xu Beihong, the painter who is good at painting shrimps is Qi Baishi, and the painter who is good at painting bamboo is Zheng Banqiao.
26. The method of landscape painting: The organization method of landscape painting has close-up view and long-term view, which can form a unique observation space. Close-ups can be described in detail by means of uniformity, color and dyeing. The foreground can be sketched, sketched or rendered. The step of landscape painting is to compose a composition according to brewing, and then draw a close-up or main scene. Then draw a distant view or set off the scenery, and finally point the moss with thick ink or color and arrange it emphatically.
27. Points, lines and surfaces constitute a rich image world, which is the basic condition of all modeling.
28. The commonly used methods for designing flower patterns are exaggeration, deformation and addition.
29. Several commonly used paper-cutting methods are negative cutting method, tangent method and comprehensive method.
30. When learning to dye paper, it depends on how the paper is folded, how the colors are matched, how much water is used, and whether the work looks good or not.
3 1. External objects, projected on the retina of the eye through the pupil, will become near big and far small.
32. New Year pictures are one of the most popular works of art in China.
33. The art of installation is to select some ready-made objects and combine them to present a new image under a new title.
34. When using colors and strokes to express the feeling of space and distance, generally, the near colors are warmer, the far ones are colder, the near colors are bright and the far ones are gloomy, the near colors are stronger and the far ones are softer.
35. In Picasso's works, a cow in nature was simplified, boasted and transformed into a series of unique artistic images.
36. Simplification and deformation are widely used in modern painting design.
37. The sector has a sector shape and a circular shape.
38. The world's first power plane was successfully developed by the Wright brothers in the United States. Most aircraft are composed of fuselage, wings, tail wings, landing devices and so on.
39. The first clothes and dwellings of human beings were related to weaving. Things woven with various materials are sometimes articles for daily use, but sometimes they become masterpieces of art. ..
40. Yellow is bright, blue is much darker, and the lightness of various colors is called the lightness of colors.
4 1. Purity refers to the degree of color purity.
42. The triangle composition is stable, the well-shaped composition is meticulous, the S-shaped composition is smooth, and the diagonal composition is neat.
43. Animal feet are more sensitive, capable and important than human feet.
44. Layout is like the composition of a painting. Consider the priority of content and the aggregation and dispersion of pictures. The layout should be neat, rigid and lively, messy and loose, brightly colored, not dazzling, simple in tone and not lacking in vitality.
45. African art with ancient sculptures as the main body, together with western art and oriental art, constitutes three treasures of the world art treasure house.
46. African sculptures are rough and exaggerated with simple lines. It does not simply pursue modeling, but emphasizes the rhythm of the work.
47. The blank of all ceramic works should be hollow and have a vent hole. Pottery-making technology is divided into mud refining, embryo making, glaze application and firing.
48. Tone refers to the overall relationship between coloring and color in color pictures, which constitutes the tone of color, with the main color tone as the main color. Red, orange and yellow are warm colors. Blue, green and purple are cool colors.
49. The creation method of vertical paper modeling is basically the same as rope relief, except that the material of paste modeling is changed to note.
50. The commonly used materials for making paper trays are cotton, screens, leaves, fiberboard, canvas and various kinds of paper.
5 1. Comprehensive printmaking is a kind of paper plate which uses collage, line carving, line sticking, paper tearing, rubbing and other techniques, integrates various texture materials and is comprehensively applied to the same printed substrate to show more vivid and peculiar artistic effects.
52. Paper workpieces are usually made by cutting, folding, cutting, gluing, bending, splicing and other processing methods.
53. Nights, seascapes, grasslands and forests are often painted in cool colors, which are quiet and profound. Sunset, autumn scenery, harvest fields ... are mostly warm colors, conveying enthusiasm and warmth.
54. The Diversion Canal by escher, a Dutch painter, depicts a wonderful scene of the river flowing backwards.
55. There are many famous ceramic works in China in the Tang Dynasty, such as Tri-color Heavenly King Servant and Male Dancing Servant.
56. The basic elements of sketch modeling are: shape and form-shape is the plane shape of the object, and form is the volume of the object. Form and dignity-dignity refers to the appearance of an object. Decent direction, nature, scale, cohesion and connection. More than three decent faces intersect to form a sharp corner, with protrusions as "high points" or bone points and depressions as "low points" or "lying points". Line and surface-the relationship between them. Structure and form-structure is the internal essence of form, and form is the external presentation of structure.
2. The author part of the work
1. China:
Four generations of grandparents-Liu Wenxi's tunnel warfare-Luo has a bright future.
Miners in Liu Shaoqi and Anyuan-Hou Yimin and Mao Zedong traveled all over the country-Li Qi.
Tamping the Song Dynasty-Wang Wenbin's ink-splashing landscape-Zhang Daqian
Xiatu-Qi Baishi long live the motherland-Qi Baishi
A trip to the Xiajiang River-First Harvest, Lu-Li Keran
A herd of horses-the twilight rhyme of Xu Beihong-Li Keran
Huangshan-long live the motherland, Liu Haisu-Qi Baishi
Red Flower-Lin Fengmian Narcissus, Netherlands-Pan Tianshou
Dawn of Three Gorges —— Joline's Hard Years —— Pan He
Father-Luo Zhongli Dance-Ye Yuqian
Spring Rain in Lijiang River-Wuxia Clear Autumn, Li Keran-Zhang Daqian
Bronze Pentium-Riverside Scene in Qingming Festival in Eastern Han Dynasty-Zhang Zeduan (Song Dynasty)
Founding ceremony —— "Traveling East" —— (Song)
The Statue of Qi Baishi-Wu Zuoren's Thousand Miles of Mountains and Rivers-Wang Ximeng
Nanchang Uprising-Li
2. Foreign countries:
Sunflower-Van Gogh-Mona Lisa, Netherlands-Leonardo da Vinci (Italy)
Madonna in the chair-Raphael-Italian water lily-Monet-Dharma
Portrait of Paul Picasso, the son of Lie Bin, a tracker on the Volga River (Spanish)
Arles Suspension Bridge-Van Gogh-Morning in Dutch Pine Forest-shishkin-Russian Flower
Romanian shirt-Matisse (France), Calais citizen-Rodin (France) (sculpture)
Xuefeng, March-Levitan-Peaches on Russian Chairs-Matisse (France)
Girls and peaches-Xie Luofu-Russia on the balcony-Renoir (France)
Feeding-Miller-French Bread-Kolwitz (German)
Good morning-Sinev-Princess Margaret-velazquez (Spanish)
Fresh Herring-Miles (UK) David-Michelangelo (Italy) (sculpture)
Farmhouse backyard-Connor-King and Queen of France-Moore (England) (sculpture)
Madonna-Raphael Mona Lisa-Leonardo da Vinci in the Chair (Italy)
Van Gogh, Al's suspension bridge.
Review materials for the recruitment examination of art teachers in primary and secondary schools II
First of all, short answer questions
What is the essence of primary education?
Basic education, compulsory education and universal education.
2. What is compulsory education?
Compulsory education is a universal, compulsory and free school education for school-age children and adolescents in the form of law.
3. What is the specific meaning of universal primary education?
The popularization of primary education has two meanings. The state, society, schools and families must ensure that all school-age children and adolescents can complete nine-year compulsory education in accordance with the provisions of the Compulsory Education Law. Second, all educators are required to be responsible for all children who enter school, and teachers should love, care and educate every student so that they can grow up healthily.
4. What are the aspects of the introductory nature of basic education?
First, the requirements of various educational tasks are basic, preliminary and simple, which are acceptable to primary school students; Second, what students are required to master must be solid and firm; Such a foundation is solid.
5. What are the functions of primary school physical education?
Promote students' physical development and enhance students' physique; Promote students to master sports knowledge and learn physical exercise; Promote moral education and aesthetic education; Help students recover and relax.
6. What is the content of moral education in primary schools?
Moral education in primary schools is mainly to educate students on social morality and related social common sense with the basic content of "love the motherland, love the people, love labor, love science and love socialism", pay attention to cultivating and exercising students' good moral quality and civilized behavior habits, and educate students to have others in their hearts, the people in their hearts and the motherland in their hearts.
7. What are the basic characteristics of primary school students?
Students are unique individuals to be developed; Students are the object of education; Pupils are the main body of learning; Pupils have the characteristics of "learning from teachers" and "learning from teachers"; Pupils are very curious.
8. What is learning from teachers?
On the one hand, primary and secondary school students have a "teacher-oriented" nature in education and teaching, that is, most primary school students respect and fear teachers, are willing to accept teachers' teaching, hope to get teachers' attention, care and encouragement, and all hope that teachers can educate them enthusiastically, seriously and responsibly.
9. What is the essence of being a teacher?
Pupils tend to refuse to receive education, which is not completely harmonious with teachers' educational activities. This is mainly due to the physical, psychological and cultural independence of each pupil.
10, what is pygmalion effect?
Also known as the expectation effect. When parents or teachers have more confidence and affection for children, children may make greater progress. On the contrary, if they subjectively think that their children or students are born stupid and difficult to take care of, their enthusiasm and creativity will be difficult to play.
1 1. What is the definition of a course?
Curriculum is the experience gained by the educated under the guidance of educators, and it is organized and arranged in a planned and purposeful way according to the needs of a certain society and the physical and mental development level of the educated. At present, the view that "curriculum is experience" is more in line with the needs of curriculum reform and development in primary schools in China.
12. What is the main content of the theory of multiple intelligences?
Howard, a professor of psychology at Harvard University? Gardner put forward the theory of multiple intelligences in 1980s. Gardner believes that intelligence is not a kind of intelligence with language, mathematics or logical reasoning as the core in the traditional definition of intelligence, but a group of intelligence that is independent of each other and exists in many ways. In addition to the two basic intelligences of speech-language intelligence and logic-mathematics intelligence, people also have vision-space intelligence, music-rhythm intelligence, body-movement intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, introspection intelligence, natural observation intelligence and existence intelligence. He believes that each student has the above nine intelligences to varying degrees, and the different combinations of intelligences show the intelligence differences among individuals.
What is diagnostic assessment?
Also known as preparatory evaluation, it is the evaluation before the start of teaching activities and the preparation for teaching activities.
14. What is summative evaluation?
Also known as result evaluation, it is an evaluation of the degree of realization of the whole teaching goal after a relatively complete teaching stage.
15. What is a subject course?
The so-called "subject curriculum" is based on cultural knowledge (science, morality, art), according to certain value standards, selecting certain contents from different knowledge fields or academic fields, and organizing the selected knowledge into disciplines according to the logical system of knowledge. Subject course is the oldest and most widely used course type, and it is a course of indirect perception and learning.
What is an experience course?
Also known as "activity curriculum", "life curriculum" and "child-centered curriculum", it is a curriculum organized around the experience of children's main activities.
17. What is a subject course?
It is a single-discipline curriculum organization model, which emphasizes the relative independence between different disciplines and the integrity of a discipline logic system.
18. What is an explicit course?
That is, the usual school curriculum refers to clear and prepared courses, also known as regular courses or formal courses.
19. What is the function of moral education in primary schools?
Promote students to form a sound moral quality structure; Cultivate students' correct political thoughts; Help students develop healthy psychology.
20. What is teaching?
Teaching in a broad sense refers to the activities of imparting and acquiring all the experiences of human society. Its characteristic is that it can be a teacher, regardless of form, method, occasion and content. For example, "father handed down son" and "teacher handed down disciple".
Teaching in a narrow sense refers to the unified activities of teachers' teaching and students' learning in school education. In this activity, students have mastered certain knowledge and skills, and at the same time, their body and mind have also developed to a certain extent, forming a certain ideological and moral character. Usually this kind of teaching activity is purposeful, organized and planned. What I am talking about here is mainly teaching in a narrow sense.
2 1. What is the norm reference test?
It refers to an exam or test with the average score of a group in the exam as the reference point.
22. What is the target reference test?
Contrary to the norm reference test, it is an exam or test with the goal that a test should achieve as the reference point.
23. People have different views on the 100-point system, some praise and some belittle. Please read the following defense and criticism about the hundred-point system and talk about your views.
Opinions in favor:
1. percentile system provides an objective method to evaluate students' academic performance;
2. 100 points system can be used as an objective standard for admission to a class, group or higher school.
3. Percent scores provide feedback for teachers to improve teaching efficiency.
4. Percent scores let students know how they are learning and motivate themselves to study hard in the future;
5. School education is essentially the pursuit of academic Excellence, and the 100-point system is a typical representative of appraising academic achievements;
6. Percent system is a long-standing evaluation tradition;
7. Be able to do quantitative analysis and facilitate statistics;
8. Students' grades can be accurately calculated.
Against:
1. There are many methods to comprehensively evaluate students' performance;
2. Teachers are often trapped in the content of exams, and as a result, exams lead to courses;
3. The pressure of examination inhibits teachers' creativity and leads to contempt for the acquisition process;
4. Students need different aspects of information feedback, including cognitive and non-cognitive aspects;
5. Schools should comprehensively evaluate students' team knowledge, society, personality and moral fields;
6. In the current social atmosphere where scores are regarded as totems, it is better to mention less.
7. It is impossible to know the position of students' grades in the collective;
8. The original scores of different subjects are not comparable.
There is no standard answer. Look at the students' answers.
24. Take your last class as an example, analyze what teaching principles you used, and what was the effect? What needs to be improved?
There is no standard answer. Look at the students' answers.