I. Indefinite multiple-choice questions (l points for each question, a total of 30 questions, each question has one or more answers, and multiple choices or fewer choices are not scored)
1. Early childhood education psychology plays an important role in early childhood education practice.
A. Guidance
B. description
C. description
D. forecast
E. control
2. Piaget divided the cognitive development from infancy to adolescence into ().
A. perceptual motor stage
B. Logical understanding stage
C. Pre-operation stage
D. Specific operation stage
E. Formal operation stage
3. Self-awareness includes ().
A. understanding components
B. Internal knowledge
C. cognitive components
D. emotional components
E. Will component
4. The basic characteristic of individual psychological development is ().
A. continuity and phasing
B. directionality and sequence
C. acceptability
D. imbalance
E. differences
5. People's intelligence level is normally distributed. People with IQ above () are geniuses, and their proportion in the population is less than 1%.
A. 100
B 120
C. 140
D. 160
E. 180
6. If a child's actual age is 12 and his intellectual age is 15, then his IQ is ().
A.60
b80
C. 100
D. 125
E. 150
7. Children's memory development is characterized by ().
A. unintentional memory is dominant
B. The effect of unconscious memory is better than conscious memory.
C. Mechanical memory is dominant
D. Image memory is dominant
E. Image memory is better than abstract memory.
8. After students master "vegetables", they will learn the concepts of radish and cabbage, which belongs to ().
A. Upper learning
B. Dependent learning
C. symbol learning
D. Parallel and combined learning
E. Transfer learning
9. Based on the viewpoints of meaningful learning and cognitive assimilation, Ausubel put forward the principles and strategies of organizational learning.
There is ().
A. Procedural principles
B. The principle of gradual differentiation
C. Principles of integration and coordination
D. Advance organizer strategy
E. Strengthening principle
10. Bruner believes that learning includes several knowledge processes.
A. Understanding
B. Consolidate
C. Visit
D. conversion
E. valuation
1 1. The main feature that distinguishes children's games from other activities is ().
A. Sociality
B. Fictitiousness
C. Freedom
D. pleasant
E. activities
12. A regular game should generally include several parts of the game, such as ().
A. process
B. purpose
C. play
D. Rules
E. results
13. From the perspective of cognitive development, the game is divided into ().
A. functional games
B. Mind games
C. architectural games
D. Pretend to play games
E. Rules game
14. It belongs to American psychologist Patten. From the perspective of social development, children's games are divided into () categories.
A. Careless games
B. Single player game
C. spectator games
D. joint games
E. cooperative game
15. The characteristic of operation skill is ().
A. Conceptual
B. Objectivity
C. Externality
D. simplicity
E. Extensibility
16. The interactive process of learning and teaching is a systematic process, which is intertwined by () these activities.
A. Learning process
B. Teaching process
C. Assessment/reflection process
D. Communication process
E. Preparation process
17. The social environment in the teaching environment includes ().
A. Classroom discipline
B. Classroom atmosphere
C. teacher-student relationship
D. Classmate relationship
E. school spirit
18.Varas l926' s creative thinking stage includes ().
A. Preparation period
B. Exchange period
C. incubation period
D. Opening period
E. Verification cycle
19. The following characteristics that belong to problem solving are ().
A. purpose
B. know
C. sequencing
D. knowledge
E. directionality
20. The main feature of divergent thinking is ().
A. Enhanced
B. Fluency
C. flexibility
D. radiation
E. originality
2 1. The characteristic of game-seeking theory is to explore the physiological mechanism of game occurrence and the influence of environment. The main representative is ().
A. Brian
B. Leprosy patients
C. batson
D. male red deer
E. Ellis
22. The motivation for learning is ().
A. nervous
B. Motivation
C. pressure
D. thorn
E. gravity
23. The learning of operational skills is influenced by many factors, and () is the main influencing factor.
A. Memory
B. knowledge and experience
C. explanation
D. demonstration
E. Practice
24. Gary Peilin divided the formation of psychological movement into () stages.
A. Orientation phase of activities
B. Stage of material or materialized activities
C. the external speech activity stage of vocalization
D. Silent external speech activity stage
E. Internal speech activity stage
25. On the basis of Gary Perlin's research, educational psychologists in China divide the formation of psychological skills into three stages: ().
A. Prototype orientation
B. Prototype operation
C. prototype internalization
D. Material activities
E. Internal speech stage
26. Piaget summarized the stages of children's moral cognition development ().
A. Egocentric stage
B. Mature stage
C. Authority stage
D. reversible stage
E. the stage of justice
27. Freud divided the development of personality into ().
A. Oral cavity and labial phase
B. Anal period
C. Sexual organ stage
D. incubation period
E. Reproductive period
28. Cultivate empathy from () and other aspects.
A.？ Speech instruction
B. Expression recognition
C. situational understanding
D. emotional memories
E. game guidance
29. According to the theory of achievement motivation, students are most likely to choose tasks with a probability of success of about ().
A.30%
50%
About 70%
D.80%
90%
30. 1890, the famous American psychologist () first verified the theory of formal training through memory experiments.
A. Thorndike
B. Woodworth
C. Ausubel
D. batson
E. James
Two. Fill in the blanks (total 15 questions, each question 1 point, total 15 point)
1.Judd's generalization theory is mainly based on his _ _ _ _ experiment in 1908, which is considered as a classic experiment of generalization theory.
2. Children with ADHD, the peak age of onset is _ _ _ _.
3. Kindergarten mental health education is mainly divided into three levels: primary prevention, secondary prevention and _ _ _ _.
4. Emotional overdependence and behavioral degradation are common behavioral problems in early childhood, and the main reason is that children _ _ _ _.
When bad behavior appears, there are two ways to punish it: one is to give some disgusting stimulation; The second is to cancel the stimulation of children's love or _ _ _ _.
6. In the psychological structure of morality, _ _ _ _ is the core part of individual morality.
7. The basic characteristics of pretend games are "substitutability" and _ _ _ _ _.
8. The Dutch biologist Biden Dyke proposed _ _ _ _.
9. _ _ _ _ is one of the most basic and core issues in educational psychology.
10. Piaget believes that all living things have a tendency to adapt and _ _ _ _.
1 1. The so-called _ _ _ _ _, "refers to the structure or organization of the action, which is transferred or generalized due to repetition in the same or similar environment".
12. Individual differences in personality are manifested in differences in personality characteristics and _ _ _ _.
13. Skinner thinks that there are two kinds of human and animal behaviors: reaction behavior and _ _ _ _ _.
14. _ _ _ _ is a teaching mode based on the principle of operational conditioned reflex and active reinforcement, and a teaching machine is designed on this basis.
15. Bruner advocates that the purpose of learning is to transform the basic structure of the subject into the cognitive structure in students' minds by discovering the way of learning. His theory is usually called _ _ _ _.
Third, judge the explanation questions (first judge right or wrong, and then correct the mistakes; Judgment error does not score; 5 points for each question, a total of 25 points)
1. Students cannot be punished.
2. Preschool educational psychology is the application of general psychological principles in education.
There is no essential difference between human learning and animal learning.
4. Mental health means no mental illness.
It is necessary to introduce some instructive materials before the new learning materials are formally presented. These guidance materials are called "organizers" by Ausubel.
4. Short answer questions (4 questions in total, 5 points for each question, 20 points in total)
1. What is the relationship between learning needs and motivation?
2. Briefly describe the general conditions that affect the formation of children's morality.
3. What is the basic viewpoint of behaviorism learning theory?
4. What are the similarities and differences between performance games and role games?
Verb (abbreviation of verb) essay question (2 questions in total, each question is 15, with a total of 30 points)
1. Discuss Eriksson's theory of personality development stages.
2. How to cultivate children's creativity in combination with practical teaching?
Reference answer to Shandong teacher qualification examination (real question of educational psychology)
I. Indefinite choice questions
1.BCDE
Analyzing the psychology of preschool education plays an important role in describing, explaining, predicting and controlling the practice of preschool education.
2. American Council for Drug Education American Anti-drug Education Committee
Analyzing this topic is an investigation of Piaget's theory of cognitive development stages. Piaget divided the cognitive development from infancy to adolescence into four stages: perceptual movement stage, pre-operation stage, concrete operation stage and formal operation stage.
3.CDE
Analytical self-consciousness is the consciousness of "I" as the main body about myself and my relationship with the surrounding things, especially the relationship between people and me. Self-awareness includes three components: cognitive component, will component and emotional component.
4. Abdul
Analyzing this topic is an investigation of the basic characteristics of individual psychological development. Individual psychological development has four basic characteristics: continuity and stage; Direction and order; Unbalanced; Difference.
5.C
Analyzing this problem is an examination of basic knowledge. It is generally believed that people with IQ over l40 are geniuses.
6.D
This question analyzes the calculation method of IQ. IQ = (intellectual age/actual age) × 100. By calculation, the answer is D.
7.ABCDE
Analyzing this problem is an investigation of children's memory characteristics. The developmental characteristics of children's memory: (1) Children's memory is mainly unintentional, and the effect of unconscious memory is better than conscious memory; (2) Children's mechanical memory is dominant, and meaningful memory begins to develop; (3) Children's image memory is dominant and the effect is better than abstract memory, but the gap between the two memory effects is getting smaller and smaller.
8.B
The analysis of this topic examines the concept of "inferior learning". Inferior learning, also known as generic learning, refers to attributing a new concept or proposition with a low degree of generalization or inclusion to an appropriate one with a high degree of generalization or inclusion in the original cognitive structure, thus obtaining the meaning of a new concept or proposition.
9.BCD
Based on the viewpoints of meaningful learning and cognitive assimilation, Ausubel put forward several basic principles and strategies of organizational learning: (1) gradual differentiation principle; (2) the principle of integration and coordination; (3) Advance organizer strategy.
10.CDE
Analysis Bruner thinks that learning includes three processes: knowledge acquisition, transformation and evaluation.
11.accelerated business collection and delivery system (adopted by the U.S. post office)
Analyzing this topic is an investigation of the characteristics of children's games. The characteristics that distinguish children's games from other activities are sociality, virtuality, freedom and pleasure.
12.BCDE
Analyzing this problem is an examination of basic knowledge. A game with rules generally includes four parts: purpose, play, rules and results.
13. American Council for drug education American anti-drug education Committee
From the perspective of cognitive development, games can be divided into functional games, structural games, and? Install games and rule games.
14.ABCDE
Analyzing this problem is an examination of basic knowledge. American psychologist Patten divides children's games into six types from the perspective of social development: careless games, individual games, spectator games, parallel games, joint games and cooperative games.
15. BC
Analyzing this problem is an investigation of the characteristics of operational skills. The characteristics of operational skills are objectivity, clarity and development.
16. ABC
Analysis and teaching are interactive and systematic processes, which are intertwined by three activities: learning process, teaching process and evaluation/reflection process.
17.ABCDE
Analysis teaching environment includes material environment and social environment. Social environment involves classroom discipline, classroom atmosphere, teacher-student relationship, peer relationship and social and cultural background.
18. American Council for drug education American anti-drug education Committee
Analyzing this problem is an examination of basic knowledge. Varas put forward four stages of creative thinking: preparation, brewing, opening and verification.
19. ABC
The characteristics of analytical problem-solving are: purpose, cognition and sequence.
20. BC
Analytical divergent thinking is the core of creative thinking, and its basic characteristics are fluency, flexibility and originality.
2 1. Automatic data entry
Analyzing this topic is an examination of the relevant content of the game-seeking theory. The main representatives of this theory are Brian, Hart and Ellis.
22. Automatic call distribution system
Analyzing this problem is an examination of basic knowledge. Learning is driven by pressure, thrust and tension.
23.BCDE
This topic analyzes and investigates the factors that affect the formation of operational skills. The learning of operational skills is influenced by many factors, among which knowledge and experience, explanation, demonstration and practice are the main influencing factors.
24.ABCDE
Gary Peilin's analysis divides the formation of psychological activities into five stages: the orientation stage of activities; Stage of material activity or materialized activity; The external speech activity stage of vocalization; Silent external speech activity stage; Internal speech activity stage.
25. ABC
On the basis of Gary Peiling's research, Chinese educational psychologists put forward a three-stage theory of psychological skills formation: prototype orientation, prototype operation and prototype internalization.
26. American Council for Drug Education American Anti-Drug Education Committee
Through the analysis of Piaget, this paper summarizes four stages of children's moral cognition development: egocentric stage, authoritative stage, reversible stage and fair stage.
27.ABCDE
Freud divided the development of personality into five stages: oral period, anal period, sexual organ period, incubation period and reproductive period.
28.BCD
Analyzing this problem is an examination of basic knowledge. The cultivation of empathy ability can be started from the following aspects: (1) expression recognition; (2) situational understanding; (3) Emotional memory.
29.B
According to the theory of achievement motivation, students are most likely to choose tasks with a success probability of about 50%.
30.E
Analyzing this topic is an examination of special events. In l890, James, a famous American psychologist, first verified the formal training theory through memory experiments.
Second, fill in the blanks
1. Underwater target hit
2.8 A child of 10 years old
3. Diagnosis and treatment
4. Unsafe
Deprive of a privilege
6. Moral awareness
7. "Hypothesis"
8. Game desire theory
9. Learning theory
10. Architecture
1 1. architecture
L2。 Personality type difference
13. Operation behavior
L4。 programmed instruction
15. Cognitive structure theory (or "cognitive discovery theory")
Third, the judgment question
1. A: Error.
Although there are different views on the educational effect of punishment, from the perspective of restraining bad behavior, punishment is still necessary, and it is also conducive to the formation of good attitude and morality. When bad behavior appears, there are two ways to punish it: one is to give some disgusting stimuli, such as verbal criticism or nonverbal hints such as frowning and shaking your head; The second is to cancel the children's favorite stimuli or deprive them of certain privileges, such as not participating in some entertainment activities or not letting them do what they want. Avoid corporal punishment or corporal punishment in disguised form, otherwise it will damage children's self-esteem or lead to more serious bad behaviors, such as aggressive behavior and emotional disorders. Punishment is not the ultimate goal. Teachers should take care, respect and care for young children as the premise when giving punishment.
2. A: Wrong.
The psychology of early childhood education is a science that studies the basic psychological laws of middle school and teaching under the background of early childhood education. It is an applied psychology and a branch of educational psychology. Psychology of early childhood education is an interdisciplinary subject of early childhood psychology and early childhood education. But this does not mean that it is a simple application of general infant psychology principles in infant education. The psychology of early childhood education has its own unique research topic, that is, how to learn, how to teach and the interaction between learning and teaching. Specifically, the psychology of early childhood education aims to study how to understand children's psychology in various activities, and create effective teaching situations according to these understandings, thus promoting children's learning and development.
3. A: Wrong.
First of all, human learning should not only gain individual behavior experience, but also master the social and historical experience and scientific and cultural knowledge accumulated by human beings from generation to generation; Secondly, human learning is carried out through the intermediary of language in the process of transforming the life practice of the objective world and communicating with others; Third, human learning is a purposeful, conscious and proactive process.
4. A: Wrong. .
Mental health means that individuals can give full play to their greatest potential and properly handle and adapt to the relationship between people and between people and social environment. Specifically, mental health should include at least two meanings: first, there is no mental illness; The second is to have a positive mental state. "No mental illness" is the most basic condition for mental health, while "having a positive mental state" requires people to proceed from a positive and preventive perspective, with the aim of maintaining and promoting mental health and making psychology in the best development state.
5. a: correct.
Ausubel believes that it is necessary to introduce some instructive materials before the newly learned materials are formally presented. These guiding materials are called "organizers" by Ausubel, and they act as "cognitive bridges" connecting old and new knowledge. Because of these materials? Presentation usually precedes the formal presentation of learning materials, so it is also called "advance organizer". Organizers can be divided into two categories: one is declarative organizer, whose purpose is to provide the most suitable category for new learning; The other is the comparison organizer, whose purpose is to compare the similarities and differences between new materials and similar materials in cognitive structure, so as to enhance the discrimination between old and new knowledge.
Fourth, short answer questions
1. A: (1) Learning needs are the psychological tendency of students to pursue academic performance, and they are the subjective reflection of the objective requirements of society, families and schools for students in their minds. The so-called inducement refers to the external stimulus associated with learning needs. Encourage and attract students to carry out directional learning activities to achieve certain learning goals, so that their needs can be met. (2 points) (2) Learning motivation consists of learning needs and learning motivation. Students' learning behavior often depends on the interaction between demand and motivation. Without certain learning needs, students will not pursue certain learning goals through learning activities; On the contrary, without the goal or inducement of learning behavior, students will not have certain needs. When students reach a certain learning goal and meet the corresponding needs, the corresponding learning motivation will be reduced. (3 points)
2. Answer: (1) External conditions: ① Family rearing patterns. ② Social atmosphere. ③ Peer groups. (2 points)
(2) Internal conditions: ① Cognitive impairment: Human beings have a need to maintain balance and consistency, that is, to strive to maintain the consistency of their views and beliefs in order to maintain psychological balance. When cognition is unbalanced or uncoordinated, for example, new things are inconsistent with their original experience, then they will feel unhappy or nervous inside, and individuals will try to achieve a new balance by changing their own views or beliefs. It can be said that cognitive dissonance is the premise of attitude change. 2 fixed attitude. ③ Moral cognition. In addition, individual intelligence level, education level, age and other factors also have different degrees of influence on the formation and change of moral character. (3 points)
3. A: According to behaviorist learning theory, all learning is a process of establishing a direct connection between stimulus and response through conditioning. (1) reinforcement plays an important role in the establishment of stimulus-response relationship. (1) In the stimulus-response connection, individual study habits and habits are the result of repeated practice and reinforcement. (1) Once a habit is formed, as long as the original or similar stimulus situation appears, the learned habitual response will automatically appear. (2 points)
4. Answer: (1) Similarity: Both of them are children who play role-playing games, and both of them are satisfied with role-playing activities. (2 points)
(2) Difference: In the performance game, the role played by children is the role in literary works, and the plot content of the game also reflects the plot content of literary works. The characters in the role game reflect the children's own life impressions, and the roles, plots and contents of the game can be created by the children themselves. Playing games is for the sake of entertaining yourself. It is different from children's artistic performance, and it is not for the purpose of showing to others, but a game activity for children to entertain themselves. Even if no one is watching, the children will perform with great interest. (3 points)
Verb (abbreviation of verb) On the Problems of Literature
1. A: Eriksson's theory holds that the development of children's personality is a gradual process, which must go through eight stages in the same order, of which the first five stages belong to the period of children's growth and education. Solve every order successfully and reasonably.
During the period of crisis or conflict, individuals will form positive personality characteristics and develop sound personality. (2 points)
(1) Basic trust versus basic distrust (0- 1.5 years old). The development task at this stage is to develop a basic attitude towards the surrounding world, especially the social environment, and to cultivate trust, which is the basis of identity developed in youth. (2 points)
(2) Sense of autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt (2-3 years old). The development task at this stage is to cultivate autonomy. At first, children tried to handle things independently. If parents encourage children's desire to explore, children will gradually understand their own abilities and develop their own independent personality. (2 points)
(3) Initiative versus guilt (4 ~ 5 years old). The development task at this stage is to cultivate initiative. At this time, if parents or teachers give careful answers to children's questions and give appropriate encouragement or proper treatment to children's suggestions, children will not only develop their own initiative, but also cultivate a moral sense of distinguishing right from wrong. On the other hand, if parents are impatient with their children's problems or laugh at them, children will feel guilty about their activities. (2 points)
(4) Diligence and inferiority (6 ~ 1 1 year). The development task at this stage is to cultivate a sense of diligence. If children continue to make achievements in learning, games and other activities, and get rewards from adults, children will be proud of success and rewards, and cultivate an optimistic, enterprising and diligent personality. At this stage, the main factors of shadow children's activities have shifted from parents to peers, schools and other social institutions, and teachers play a special role in cultivating diligent consciousness. (2 points)
(5) Role confusion caused by self-identity (12-18 years old). The development task at this stage is to cultivate self-identity. Self-identity refers to the self-consistent image formed by individuals organizing their own motives, abilities, beliefs and activities. The formation of self-identity requires careful choice and decision-making, especially in career orientation and gender roles. (2 points)
(6) The educational significance of Eriksson's theory of personality development stages: The theory points out the tasks of each development stage, and gives the specific educational methods to solve the crisis and complete the tasks, which helps teachers to understand the types of conflicts faced by children in different development stages, so as to take corresponding measures, make the best use of the situation and prescribe the right medicine. (3 points)
2. Answer: (1) Create a suitable environment conducive to creativity (3 points) ① Create a relaxed psychological environment; (2) Leave enough choice space for children. (2) Pay attention to the shaping of creative personality (4 points) ① Protect curiosity; (2) Encourage children to actively ask and answer questions; ③ Encourage independence and innovative spirit; ④ Attach importance to illogical thinking ability.
(3) Enrich children's perceptual knowledge. Rich knowledge and experience are inexhaustible sources for the development of creative thinking. (3 points) (4) Offering courses to cultivate creativity and teaching creative thinking strategies (5 points) ① Divergent thinking training. There are many ways to train divergent thinking, such as purpose diffusion, structure diffusion, method diffusion, form and so on. Wait a minute. For example, say the purpose of pin as much as possible, that is, the spread of use.
② Speculation and hypothesis training. The main purpose of this kind of training is to develop children's imagination and sensitivity to things, and encourage children to think deeply and react flexibly. For example, let children listen to a story with no ending and encourage them to guess the possible ending. You can also let children make various assumptions and imaginations.
③ Self-design training. Teachers consider children's interests and knowledge and experience, and provide children with some necessary materials and tools, so that children can actually make some items with these materials, such as greeting cards, pictures, various small models and so on. Children complete their own designs through practical activities.
④ Brainstorming training. Through collective discussion, ideas collide with each other and produce sparks, thus achieving the effect of brainstorming. When applying this method, we should follow four basic principles: _ Let the participants speak freely, and don't evaluate or judge the proposed scheme for the time being; The second is to encourage unconventional and distinctive views; The third is to obtain the quantity rather than the quality of the scheme, that is, to encourage a variety of ideas, the more the better; The fourth is to encourage suggestions for improvement or supplement.
⑤ Problem-solving practice training: Often ask children some difficult tasks or questions, so that children can not only use their existing knowledge, experience and ability, but also think or operate hard. Children can develop their creative thinking by overcoming difficulties and completing activities.