The iceberg capacity model sounds a bit abstract. It was put forward by the famous American psychologist McLelland in 1973. The so-called "iceberg ability model" is to divide the different manifestations of individual quality into the superficial "part above the iceberg" and the deep "part below the iceberg".

Among them, the "part above the iceberg" includes basic knowledge and skills, which are external manifestations, easy to understand and measure, and relatively easy to change and develop through training. "The part below the iceberg" includes social role, self-image, quality and motivation, which is the internal and difficult part of human beings. But it plays a key role in people's behavior and performance.

The ratio of the top and bottom of the iceberg is 8: 1, and the part floating on the water is only one eighth. Basic knowledge and skills are the main part of our school education. In other words, as the second half of the iceberg, comprehensive ability, mental model, cognition, attitude, behavior model, interaction model, self-image, will, creativity, emotion, temperament, action, values and so on. They are all learned slowly in the process of children's growth, mainly imitating the way parents do things. These are obviously more important than basic knowledge and skills.

This is also the focus of our attention to children's ability training. Basic knowledge and skills can be measured by some quantitative indicators, which are also visible parts, and the visibility of these quantitative indicators will undoubtedly be strengthened in the process of education. The role of reinforcement is very important, but the cultivation of ability will be ignored.

Of course, we all know the importance of ability. It doesn't seem to matter because it can't be quantified and can't brush the sense of existence. Over time, people ignore these and blindly pursue the cultivation of basic knowledge and skills.

People's thinking habits have a process of pursuing self-improvement, and they will always find a basis for their own theories. This is the subjective evidence screening (which is also the meaning of screening). If the evidence is not fully considered, it will produce a seemingly self-consistent "correct" theory. The so-called self-deception

Therefore, we should re-examine the influence of our education on the formation of individual quality predicted by iceberg theory.

Cultivation of children's ability