The core connotation of China's educational thought is "authenticity", which is mainly reflected in the following aspects.

First, the teaching ideal: the pursuit of a "true" word

Ye Lao has been engaged in many occupations in his life: editing, publishing, writing and administrative leadership. His favorite job is teaching. He is always proud of being a teacher, especially a primary school teacher. In the process of being a teacher, he treated China education and students with great love. He said: an educator should first be a sincere humanist and should be the embodiment of childlike innocence and love. He once wrote in the article "If I were a teacher": If I were a middle school teacher, I would never call it "teaching", just as I would not call the enrolled students "reading". Students need to learn the experience accumulated in ancient books and modern books, but it is more important to digest and absorb these experiences into their own. If students enter school by "reading", this meaning will be erased; It is said that being a teacher is "teaching", not much different from the old gentleman in the study. In the past, Mr. Li's task in the study was to teach students to study hard, and then to cope with exams and gain fame, while my duty was to train students to be sound citizens and behave themselves. In the final analysis, education is to promote students' personality development, promote their healthy growth, and then cultivate students into qualified ordinary citizens with all-round development, instead of cultivating students into "living bookcases" full of "theories" and "humanoid parrots" who are good at parroting, nor do they cultivate students into officials or Confucian scholars.

Ye Lao believes that students' reading textbooks is not the purpose, but the purpose is to really understand things, understand the truth and practice good behavior. These three "true abilities" are extremely important. Students are really "capable" and really educated. How? That is to tell the truth, write a photo. "From the perspective of raw materials, it is true and profound, not to mention those words that have no textual research and float around; In writing, if you are sincere and serious, don't take those oily, frivolous and despicable attitudes. In our composition, we should write honesty and our own words. " How to become a "real" teacher, Ye Lao also put forward his own views. Teachers must be strict with themselves and care about others. Everything should be an example for students to learn. To teach students to read, teachers themselves should be good at reading; To teach students to learn to write, teachers themselves should be good at writing; Students are required to write neatly, and teachers themselves should take the lead in setting an example and do it neatly. Teachers can better guide students only if they are good at reading and writing, and their writing is standardized and neat. He also asked teachers to keep pace with the times, update their ideas in time, learn new knowledge, explore new teaching methods and constantly draw fresh water from the source. Only in this way can students benefit and be deeply loved by students.

Second, the purpose of learning: to highlight the word "use"

Ye Lao pointed out: we say that language is a tool, and personally, it is a tool for thinking and a tool for expressing ideas; As far as people are concerned, it is a tool to communicate and exchange ideas. Chinese is an essential tool in life. If you are not good at using this tool, you can't work and live, or even be a man. The purpose of learning Chinese is to "use" and apply what you have learned. The starting point of Chinese learning is "knowing" and the ultimate point is "doing"; Only when you can "do" can you be able to live this life. Ye Lao dislikes exam-oriented education very much and thinks that exam-oriented education violates the purpose of quality education. The purpose of Chinese test should be to test the ability of candidates to read, write, understand and use Chinese. It is by no means to enable students to cope with various exams, but to develop skills that can stand the test of society. Let students read articles in general newspapers and magazines after learning to read, and read them more thoroughly than before; After learning to write, I can write a general applied style, communicate with people and write articles more smoothly than before; After learning to speak and communicate, you should be able to communicate with others smoothly. After listening to what others say, you should be able to grasp the general idea of what they say and understand what others mean, which is more conducive to your work. Only in this way can you achieve the goal of learning Chinese.

Ye Lao's view of "using" Chinese is also reflected in the textbook. Chinese is different from other subjects. In the process of compiling teaching materials, we should choose some model essays, but these model essays are only a key to students' learning, and students can use this key to develop endless books. The purpose of textbook compilation and teaching is to guide, guide and lead students to read more. He said: "China's textbooks are nothing more than an example. With this example, students should be able to draw inferences and develop their reading and writing skills. "

Third, the Chinese classroom: pay attention to a "real" word

Nowadays, Chinese classes can be said to be "colorful" and "busy", with observation classes, competition classes and open classes one after another. People are drowned by sound, light and electricity, singing, laughter and applause are endless, and performances, paintings, music and dances are colorful. After some "excitement", people feel "empty, noisy and miscellaneous". In my opinion, Chinese classroom teaching can be implemented from the following points.

One is to teach Chinese according to its characteristics. What is Chinese? Ye Lao said: what is English, that is, spoken language; Writing is a written language. If it is written, spoken and written language together is called Chinese. Spoken language is as important as written language, and we can't take sides. When we teach Chinese, we should start with the most basic things, such as words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs, to cultivate students' oral and written expression ability, which is irreplaceable by any other discipline. When teaching Chinese, we should pay attention to students' Chinese literacy and cultivate them in an all-round way. Ye Lao pointed out: Chinese subjects include obedience, speaking, reading and writing, which are inseparable. If you only pay attention to reading and writing and ignore listening and speaking, then reading and writing will also suffer. He has written many times criticizing teachers for attaching importance to students' reading and writing, but neglecting the cultivation of students' listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities. Listening, speaking, reading and writing are the needs of students' study, their future work and the four modernizations.

When we teach Chinese, it is our ultimate goal to cultivate students' Chinese learning ability. It is necessary for students to master basic Chinese knowledge and ability in Chinese teaching, but this is not the fundamental purpose. The fundamental purpose of Chinese teaching (including other subjects) is to cultivate students' sustainable development ability. Ye Lao has a famous conclusion: teaching is to achieve the purpose of not teaching. 1April, 962, he said in the article "Reading is the basis of writing": "The ultimate goal of Chinese classroom teaching is to realize" no need to teach "and let students develop such an ability, and read by themselves without being taught by teachers. Students will often read in the future. Can the teacher always follow? Therefore, while teaching, we gradually lay a good foundation for' no need to teach'. "

The second is to teach Chinese on the basis of solid training. The cultivation of Chinese ability depends on training, which should be serious, step by step and down-to-earth. Specifically speaking, it is necessary to write one word at a time, and it is difficult to recognize and write difficult words several times; Exquisite texts should be carefully read one by one, the words to be explained should be carefully explained, the words to be discriminated should be carefully analyzed, the sentences to be appreciated should be carefully appreciated, the summarized paragraphs should be induced and summarized, and some basic sentences, textual knowledge, rhetorical devices and even some punctuation marks should be in place; Oral teaching should guide students to make it clear sentence by sentence, and composition teaching should cultivate students to write words realistically and carefully. Only in this way can Chinese teaching be true and effective.

The third is Chinese teaching based on the cultivation of students' habits. Ye Lao attaches great importance to the cultivation of students' habits, and his works contain more than 100 words to explain habits, which shows that he attaches importance to the cultivation of students' study habits. He even thinks that the whole of education is to cultivate students' habits. He said: What is education? In short, it is to cultivate students' good habits. As far as Chinese literature is concerned, it is to cultivate students' habit of reading and absorbing, express their thoughts with the Chinese knowledge they have learned, form their own habit of modifying articles, and be good at self-study. And these habits need to be cultivated by teachers. Our teacher should guide them to learn by themselves and study for life until they are old.

Fourth, the learning process: emphasize the word "more"

Chinese has strong discipline characteristics and needs a long accumulation process. The method of accumulation is mainly embodied in "two more": "read more and write more". Ye Lao said: reading is an "absorption" thing. From reading, we can receive other people's experiences and get in touch with their feelings. Writing is a matter of "publishing" From writing, we can show our experiences and express our feelings. "Chinese teaching has its own responsibility, that is, the training of reading and writing. Students should read and write before them. As for the future, they should study and write all their lives. The training of this technology and the teaching of other subjects are irresponsible, all on the shoulders of Chinese teaching. " "Read more" has two meanings: First, read a good article several times. A good work may not be understood after reading it once. If you want to understand thoroughly, you must ponder, read it once, read it for the second time and the third time, ask your own questions and answer them yourself.

The second is to read a lot of extracurricular books. To learn Chinese well, it is not enough to read hundreds of articles in textbooks. To cultivate students' interest and guide them to read after class, teachers should teach them methods. He said: as far as teaching is concerned, intensive reading is the main body, and skimming is only a supplement; But as far as the effect is concerned, intensive reading is preview and skimming is application. Skimming does not require students to "skim" or even "ignore" reading, but carefully apply the skills learned in intensive reading class to skimming, and selectively adopt effective reading methods according to the purpose of skimming, so that students' reading ability will be greatly improved. The process of skimming is the process of teachers guiding students to learn. Therefore, "the word' skimming' is half as far as teacher guidance is concerned: guidance is still necessary, but it is only an outline, so it is called' skimming'".

The other half said, "As far as students' kung fu is concerned, they should chew as carefully as intensive reading, but in intensive reading, they study hard to understand from difficult points, while in skimming, practice makes perfect, and it will change randomly without much effort, so it is called skimming." Students skim from intensive reading. For example, children learn to walk At first, they were held by adults. Gradually, the adult took his hand away and only blocked it, providing him with direction and preventing him from accidentally falling. Adults hiding beside them need to be as careful as holding them; Its purpose is only to let children walk skillfully and freely. Its purpose is only to cultivate students' habits and be able to read freely. "Elymus pointed out: to learn Chinese, you should write more. The more you write, the more familiar you become. You can do whatever you want when you are ripe. But this writing is not a teacher's proposition composition. He encourages students to write what they want to write, and cultivates the habit that students can write by hand once they have a trace of emotion. This is a necessary habit in life, and this habit should be developed in middle school at the latest. He believes that teachers' periodic propositional composition is a last resort, mechanically rigid, and suggests changing it to random composition without limiting time, materials and forms. If you wait until the teacher has a problem before writing, it is putting the cart before the horse, which will only make students feel that the composition is only to cope with the tasks assigned by the teacher and has nothing to do with their emotional significance. He said: Writing needs practice. Only teachers write when they have problems. It's too few. Write once every two weeks, only 20 articles a school year, how can it be enough?

Five, discipline characteristics: highlight a word "beauty"

It is our Chinese teachers' bounden duty to cultivate students' aesthetic taste in Chinese teaching. Ye Lao said: Aesthetic education in Chinese education can make people's thoughts more correct and perfect, their emotions more sincere and meticulous, and make the educated more and more healthy. Chinese education should cultivate middle school students' aesthetic ability and interest, broaden their horizons, enrich their experience, and make their thoughts, emotions and will develop in a deeper and higher direction. There are three main ways to appreciate beauty.

(A) to cultivate students' attitude of reading carefully. Intensive reading is the premise of cultivating aesthetic taste. Reading attitude determines the quality of reading and whether and how much reading comprehension is mastered. Read everything carefully, not carelessly. Close reading can not only make people find glittering gems on the basis of understanding literary works, but also make us identify rough rubble; If you don't read it carefully, even if you read a really good work, you can't tell the good from the bad, just like returning from Baoshan with empty hands; When you see a bad work, you can't see its bad parts, and you will even read it obsessively, even if you are poisoned. As a Chinese teacher, we should guide those students who have no appreciation quality, guide them to get started and get them out of the predicament, so as to achieve enlightenment.

(2) Cultivate students' aesthetic ability. "The author believes that there is a road, and you will know the truth by following the road. The author has a good mind, and entry begins with relatives. If you don't ignore a word, you will understand its god. " To cultivate students' ability to appreciate Gome, we should start from three aspects: finding the way, entering the country and realizing the spirit. "Pathfinding" is to help students understand the relationships among words, sentences and paragraphs of an article and find out the author's ideas. With ideas, sentence by sentence, paragraph by paragraph, there is a way. In this way, the author will never go anywhere. Reading an article depends on how it started and how it was written. Follow it and understand why it goes this way. Only by clarifying the thinking of the article can we deeply understand the author's thinking activities and speech activities, and then master the whole article, understand the main idea of the article, quickly and accurately summarize the main points of the article, and lay the foundation for aesthetics. The so-called "entering" refers to entering the article situation that conforms to the author's mood. Ye Lao wrote in Reading and Writing: Words are like bridges. On this side of the bridge stands the reader and on the other side stands the author. Through the bridge of words, readers and authors can not only meet, but also understand the author's mood, thus realizing real "entry".

(3) Cultivate students' critical reading spirit. Ye Lao stressed: reading should be critical, distinguish what should be accepted and what should not be accepted, and not "accept it all", but develop and innovate on the basis of criticism. "If people in banpo village only know how to keep, and if our ancestors all know how to keep, then until today, there are countless banpo village in the vast China, there will be no splendid Chinese civilization; Therefore, it is extremely unsuitable to be a man to insist on one thing, only knowing how to keep it, not seeking change and not being fickle. Only change, change, fickleness, reform and innovation are the last word. " In the aesthetic advanced stage of Chinese teaching, the essence of cultivating students' critical reading habits and abilities is to cultivate students' critical thinking ability and innovative ability.