0-3 years old infant care and education knowledge. Giving birth to a child is not only taking care of the pregnant woman during pregnancy, but also taking care of the baby. Novice mothers will learn about conservation and education. Let's share the knowledge of care and education for infants aged 0-3.

0-3 years old baby care and education knowledge1i. Neonatal period

The period from birth to less than 28 days is the neonatal period, which is an important and special stage of infancy. The environment of the newborn has changed greatly since it lived in the mother's womb. Due to the immature functions of various organs and systems of newborns, they have poor adaptability to the external environment and weak anti-infection ability, and are prone to various diseases. Neonatal period is the most fragile period of life, with high incidence rate, rapid change of illness and higher mortality rate than other age groups.

The key points of neonatal health care are as follows.

(1) Keep warm.

The function of self-regulating body temperature of newborns is not yet mature. The neonatal room temperature should be 18℃ ~ 24 in winter. C, the humidity is between 50% and 60%; Pay attention to ventilation in summer and adjust the indoor ambient temperature at any time. Prevent gas poisoning in winter and heatstroke in summer.

(2) Feeding

Encourage and advocate breastfeeding. Breast milk is rich in nutrients, enzymes and immune substances, which is conducive to the healthy growth of newborns and resistance to infection. Full-term newborns should start sucking their mothers' breasts within half an hour after birth. Early sucking is beneficial to mother's milk secretion and successful breastfeeding. The number of feeding in the neonatal period should not be less than 8 times a day and night.

(3) Nursing

1, clothes: Newborns' clothes should be loose, not knotted, not hindering the activities of limbs, and easy to put on and take off. You can use soft cotton cloth, clean.

2. Umbilical cord: When the umbilical cord does not fall off, it should be kept locally clean and dry to prevent water or pollution and umbilical cord infection. Umbilical cord usually falls off 3 ~ 7 days after birth, and there is a little exudate locally after falling off, which can heal naturally.

3, skin: newborn skin delicate, easy to fester or infection. Care should be taken to keep newborn skin dry and clean. The bath water temperature should be slightly higher than the body temperature, and talcum powder can be used after bathing.

4, sleep: newborns sleep for about 20 hours a day, change their positions when sleeping, it is not appropriate to lie on your back for a long time. Sleeping to the right after feeding can reduce the occurrence of galactorrhea.

(4) Prevention of infection

1, all utensils for newborns should be boiled and disinfected frequently. Wash your face separately from the towel that washes your buttocks.

2. Don't milk the newborn, don't wipe your mouth, don't wipe your horse's teeth to prevent mastitis and oral infection.

Wash your hands frequently when feeding the newborn. Minimize visits from relatives and friends in the neonatal period to avoid cross-infection.

Second, infancy

From birth to less than 1 year, it is called infancy. Babies are the fastest growing period, and the demand for energy and protein is particularly high. If the supply is insufficient, malnutrition and stunting may occur. The baby's digestive absorption function is not well developed, and it is prone to gastrointestinal dysfunction, indigestion, diarrhea and other symptoms. With the growth of months, the immunity acquired by the baby from the mother gradually disappears, while the autoimmune function is not yet mature, and it is easy to suffer from various infectious diseases and infectious diseases.

The key points of infant health care are as follows:

(1) Reasonable feeding

The composition of breast milk is most suitable for the growth and development of infants within 6 months, and exclusive breast feeding should be encouraged; Complementary food should be gradually added to the baby after 6 months.

Promote the development of sensory perception and movement.

Babies are a period of rapid development of perception and movement. The baby's sensory perception is developed through practice and training in daily life. According to the characteristics of babies, toys with bright colors or soft sounds should be selected to promote the visual and auditory development of newborn babies. It is necessary to guide older babies to understand the living environment, promote the development of sensory perception, and cultivate observation ability in combination with daily life. According to the law of sports development, timely train the baby's ability to turn over, sit, climb and stand, and promote the development of baby's sense of sports.

(3) Insist on outdoor activities and physical exercise.

After the full moon, you can take the baby outside the house to breathe fresh air and get in touch with the sun. According to different seasons, as long as the weather is fine, the outdoor temperature is 0. Above c, you can let your baby exercise outdoors; 1 ~ 2 times a day, with the increase of months, it can be extended from the initial 10 ~ 15 minutes to 30 minutes ~ 1 hour each time.

(4) Vaccinate on time

Because of the low resistance in infancy, vaccination is an effective way to prevent, reduce and eliminate infectious diseases. In order to protect the baby, parents should complete the basic immunization within 1 year according to the planned immunization program stipulated by the state.

(five) regular health checks to prevent common diseases.

According to the current requirements of physical examination in infancy, babies should have regular physical examination four times (3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months) within one year after birth, hemoglobin should be tested once every 6 months, and hearing screening should be conducted once every 8-9 months. In addition, we should actively prevent infectious diseases, such as respiratory tract infections, which are prone to occur in infancy; Nutritional deficiency diseases, such as malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia and other diseases.

0-3 years old infant care and education knowledge 2 1. Keep warm. There are many cold waves in winter, and the temperature changes greatly. Children are prone to catch a cold and often cause many serious diseases, such as pneumonia, myocarditis, lobar pneumonia and acute nephritis. So keep your child warm in winter to avoid catching a cold.

2, protect children's skin cold and dry in winter, children's skin loses more water, sebaceous glands secrete less, and the skin is easy to dry and itch. Let children eat more fruits and vegetables, drink more boiled water, often wash their hands, feet and face with hot water, and apply skin cream.

3, do more exercise, do 30-45 minutes of aerobic exercise every day, such as walking, cycling, dancing, etc. Can greatly enhance the body's ability to resist colds and avoid respiratory infections.

4. Wash your hands frequently. Some viruses can survive for 3 hours where the patient's hand touches them. So people who wash their hands frequently can stay away from colds.

5. Keep a distance of more than 1 m from the patient. When a patient coughs or sneezes, saliva with virus can splash to about 1 m. When you find someone sneezing or coughing, you should immediately retreat to 1 m. If you encounter this situation in the elevator or bus, you can turn around immediately, because people's eyes and nose are the most susceptible to infection. As long as our family cooperates and works together to do a good job in winter care for children, babies will grow up healthily and happily!

6, more exposure to ultraviolet rays in the sun can kill viruses and bacteria on the surface of the human body, help children absorb calcium and phosphorus, and enhance the body's disease resistance.

7. Pay attention to the indoor temperature. The suitable temperature for human body in winter is 18 degrees Celsius. If it is higher than 23 degrees Celsius, people will feel dizzy and tired. In addition, if the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large, it is easy to catch a cold. Don't point the warm air port of the air conditioner or heater directly at the child. It's best to open the closed window every two or three hours to let the air circulate normally. In addition, using air conditioner or heater will dry the air, so it is best to put a glass of water nearby to keep the humidity.

8. If you don't sit in a cold place, the ground temperature is very low in winter. If the child sits on it, the heat in the body will be lost a lot and it is easy to catch a cold.

9. You'd better wear a mask when you go out to avoid catching a cold. Cover the bedding at night. When winter is cold, the energy and heat required by children will increase accordingly. Children will have fewer opportunities to play outdoors, and they are prone to lack of vitamin D, catching a cold and getting angry easily. If they have already got angry, they can take drugs to get rid of it, such as Radix Isatidis and Taiji Pills. They can also cook porridge with fresh lilies and add some rock sugar, which will be delicious and not get angry. Drink more sparerib soup, chicken soup, fish soup and other soups to enhance resistance and prevent colds.

10. Dress reasonably and increase or decrease at any time. Some parents dress their children too much, and their underwear is soaked with sweat when their children move a little. But children don't say they want to change underwear, and they can only dry wet clothes according to their body temperature. Doing this every day is easy to catch a cold and bad for your health. At the same time, it should increase or decrease with climate change, and take off your coat before activities or when you enter a heated room. There are many cold waves in winter, and the temperature changes greatly. Children are prone to catch a cold and often cause many serious diseases, such as pneumonia, myocarditis, lobar pneumonia and acute nephritis. So keep your child warm in winter to avoid catching a cold.

Knowledge of care and education for infants aged 0-3 3. Children's daily nursing knowledge

First, the clothes are suitable.

1, children's wear should be increased or decreased according to seasonal changes, and it is not advisable to wear more blindly:

Many parents believe that children should wear more clothes and sweat more. As we all know, children wear too much or often sweat, and their pores are in a state of expansion, which is easy to catch cold and get sick. Therefore, "if you want to be safe, you must take three points from hunger and cold." Children's clothes should be increased or decreased according to the seasonal changes, because he is pure yang, born with firepower and does not need to be covered. Especially in autumn, it is necessary to exercise children's cold tolerance, but it is easy to get angry and get sick. In the same environment, children can wear clothes slightly thicker than adults. Touch the child's back with your hand. If it is warm, smooth and sweat-free, it means that the clothes are suitable.

You can choose cotton underwear and sweaters for your upper body in winter. If it is not too cold, wear a thick cardigan coat; If it is cold, add a cotton or down vest; It's cold, so you can wear a down jacket. In addition to underwear, you can wear thicker outer pants and increase or decrease woolen pants according to weather conditions.

When children exercise, they should reduce clothes according to the situation and keep warm with the focus on abdomen, waist and feet. For active children, when they are active and playing, they should take off their coats as appropriate, so that the heat generated during exercise can be distributed in time. Put on clothes in time when you stop activities, so as not to catch cold. The baby's warmth focuses on the abdomen, waist and feet, and the head does not need to be covered too much, unless it is outside in cold weather. It is better to choose a round crotch for girls' pants. Before learning to use zippers, it is best not to use zippers for boys' pants.

2. Clothes should be made of cotton;

Infants and young children have delicate skin, high temperature regulation sensitivity and rapid temperature change. So cotton with better clothes is better. Newborns should not wear or use new cotton-padded clothes and bedding with hot sun. Children's armpits, groin, neck, nests and other skin folds and sweating parts should pay more attention to the softness of clothes. And pay attention to keep local clean and dry. Parents should check the local skin for wear and tear in time.

Second, a balanced diet and nutrition

1, pay attention to the acid-base balance:

Pay attention to the acid-base balance in diet. Fish, meat, poultry, eggs and rice noodles are all acidic. Vegetables, fruits, beans and products are alkaline. There is an automatic acid-base balance adjustment system in human body. As long as the diet is diversified and whole grains are eaten, the acid-base balance can be maintained.

2. Drink soup before meals:

Children drink a small amount of soup before meals, just like doing activities before exercise to make the digestive organs active and let the digestive glands secrete enough digestive juice, which can make children eat well and feel comfortable after meals.

3. Have a hearty breakfast:

A day's work lies in the morning, and the quality of breakfast is related to the growth and development of children. If you don't pay attention, children will be mentally retarded, lack of energy and have hypoglycemia when they go to school. Breakfast accounts for 30% of the total daily intake, and lunch accounts for 40%. Dinner accounts for 30%;

4. Don't drink juice before lunch:

Don't let the children drink pure juice before lunch. Fruit juice is easy to absorb and nutritious. But don't let children drink juice 40 minutes before lunch. Because of this, children will eat less staple food at lunch, and their intake will not increase within one day, but what they lose is the nutrition they get at normal lunch.

5, high protein and high calorie food should not eat more:

Now every family has only one "baby", hoping that their children will be strong. However, young couples are afraid of bad food varieties when feeding young children. They often eat some fast food all day, such as fish, milk and eggs. These fried foods are rich in protein and calories. The child's digestive system has not yet developed and his self-control ability is poor. They often eat too much, which increases the burden on children's spleen and stomach and leads to "stagnation".

Diet stagnation leads to symptoms such as loss of appetite, vomiting, bad breath and thick tongue coating. If the treatment is improper, it will be delayed for a long time, and the function of spleen and stomach will be seriously damaged, which can lead to nutritional and growth disorders and turn into malnutrition.