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Vocational education group refers to a vocational education consortium consisting of several independent legal entities with complementary advantages, with one or more vocational colleges with strong school-running strength as the core, asset linkage or contract as the link, and the articles of association of the group as the common code of conduct, with the goal of improving the quality of education. The collectivization of vocational education refers to the school-running behavior of legal person consortium with the characteristics of vocational education group, which is an effective school-running model formed in the development of vocational education. Tianjin Haihe Education Park is a strategic measure for Tianjin Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government to implement the national policy of vigorously developing vocational education, promote the integration of Tianjin higher education resources, and realize the innovation of Tianjin higher education and vocational education system. Haihe Vocational Education Park implements collectivization, obtains government policies and financial support, and explores a new mechanism for running vocational education. Combine enterprises in related industries, explore the talent training mode of combining work with study, and effectively improve the level of vocational education in Tianjin and even the whole country. ?
1. Overview of the collectivization development of vocational education in Tianjin?
There are 26 vocational colleges in Tianjin, most of which have industry background, including 3 backbone colleges and 4 national demonstration vocational colleges. Since August 2005, Tianjin has integrated the resources of vocational education in the city, greatly adjusted the layout of vocational education, and promoted the reform of the school-running system of vocational colleges in an orderly manner. After more than five years of unremitting efforts, Tianjin has established 10 vocational education groups, which has completely changed the situation that vocational colleges are scattered and small in scale, and formed a situation in which talent training and skill qualification appraisal are integrated and teachers and training equipment are arranged as a whole. On February 20 1 1, the first phase of Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Park and its supporting facilities were completed. The first batch of five higher vocational colleges and two secondary vocational schools settled in the park, and the pattern of integration and sharing of vocational education resources in Tianjin was initially formed. ?
Second, the feasibility of running a school in Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Park?
(A) the geographical advantages and strength of colleges and universities?
Tianjin Haihe Education Park is located in the south bank of the middle reaches of Haihe River, and is located in the core area between the central city of Tianjin and the "Twin Cities" of Binhai New Area. According to different planning functions, education parks are divided into three parts: higher vocational parks, higher education parks and higher scientific research parks. On February 20 1 1, the first batch of institutions in Haihe Vocational Education Park included five higher vocational colleges and two secondary vocational schools. 2065438+01June, Tianjin Haihe Education Park started the construction of Tianjin University, the new campus of Nankai University, three higher vocational colleges, Tianjin Open University and the Party School of Tianjin Municipal Committee, and planned the headquarters economic zone and the transformation zone of scientific research projects. According to the requirements of functional orientation, Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Park will strive to become a comprehensive education park that integrates vocational education, vocational training, skill appraisal and skill competition, combines Industry-University-Research, and is open to the society. ?
The first batch of five higher vocational colleges settled in Haihe Education Park, two of which were national model schools and two were national backbone schools. These schools have a high level of running schools, which can better adapt to various changes in the practice of educational resources integration in Haihe Education Park, and are more likely to generate experiences and ideas in reform and innovation. Vocational colleges and Tianjin University in Haihe Education Park will realize the integration and sharing of educational and teaching resources. Haihe Education Park's convenient transportation network and relatively perfect infrastructure construction have promoted the integration of resources of colleges and universities in the park, made the flow of education and teaching resources more convenient, and greatly enhanced the speed and intensity of integration. At the same time, it is also for the exchange and information sharing of students in various vocational colleges. In March of 20 12, Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Park started three co-construction majors, four excellent online sharing courses and 1 public basic courses as resource sharing pilots, and gradually promoted the work of "mutual employment of teachers, mutual recognition of courses and mutual recognition of credits", which laid a solid foundation for Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Park to run schools in groups. ?
(2?
It is not only the successful experience of the development of vocational education in the world, but also the continuous reform and improvement of the talent training mode of "paying equal attention to post ability and comprehensive quality". Through effective resource integration and sharing, both schools and enterprises have opened a green channel for talent training, and strived to realize specialization, systematization and diversification of talent training. At present, there is a shortage of highly skilled talents who can adapt to the production line. Haihe Vocational Education Park closely follows the development of advantageous industries in Binhai New Area, implements collectivization of vocational education, and enterprises and institutions fully participate in personnel training, effectively improving the vocational skills and comprehensive quality of graduates of Tianjin Vocational College, and then comprehensively improving the teaching level of Tianjin Vocational Education. ?
(C) Maximize the return on investment in education?
According to the theory of industrial agglomeration, industries with a certain total scale are relatively concentrated in a certain area, forming an agglomeration effect, which can explode surprising production efficiency and cluster competitiveness. The author thinks that Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Park can promote the large-scale development of vocational colleges in the park, realize the integration and optimization of educational resources and greatly improve the utilization rate of educational resources. The first batch of five higher vocational colleges moved into Haihe Vocational Education Park, and four of them established vocational education groups based on industries. Under the coordination of the Administrative Committee, vocational colleges in Haihe Education Park have set up a platform for sharing educational resources, effectively reducing the cost of education and giving full play to the advantages and competitiveness of Haihe Education Park in running schools in groups. ?
3. Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Park Group's school-running strategy?
(1) Establish and improve the management organization of Haihe Education Park Vocational Education Group?
Haihe Vocational Education Park should establish a government-led, school-enterprise combined vocational education group management organization according to the national development strategy and Tianjin's social and economic development needs. The author thinks that Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Group should be established by Tianjin Education Commission, with one or two higher vocational colleges with the strongest school-running strength as the core, supplemented by other vocational colleges and enterprises in the park. Park Vocational Education Group has a board of directors, which has three functional systems: executive system, supervision and evaluation system and information management system. The board of directors is the decision-making body of the education group, which is composed of the heads of education administrative departments, vocational colleges, business representatives and well-known experts in the field of education. The board of directors decides the direction and form of the education group; Set up the internal management organization of the education group; To approve the business activities and investment plans of the Education Group; Approve the management system of education group, etc. The executive system is responsible for the planning, operation and management of various business work of the group-run schools; The monitoring and evaluation system reviews the work plan and implementation plan, and feeds back the problems in time; The information management system collects and analyzes all kinds of data in the business process, and assists the group leaders to make scientific decisions. (B) the implementation of optimal allocation of resources in vocational education parks?
Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Park should be led by the government to reduce the cost of running a school and gain more benefits in running a school. The author thinks that all schools and enterprises in Haihe Vocational Education Park should set up the overall concept, give full play to their overall advantages and rationally allocate educational resources. Colleges and universities in the vocational education park should focus on introducing teachers from key disciplines and majors, and share curriculum resources with other colleges and universities for courses that are also offered in our school but are not of high importance. Colleges and universities in vocational education parks should adhere to the concept of openness, sharing and intensification, and establish a set of perfect resource optimization mechanisms: sharing mechanism with consistent goals, benign interactive market mechanism, mutually agreed action mechanism and mutual benefit mechanism. ?
(3) Establish a credit conversion system?
The credit system is a teaching management system in colleges and universities. It calculates students' learning weight in units of credits, which is actually a unit for calculating students' hours. According to the theory of information construction, mutual recognition and intercommunication of credits is one of the core contents of Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Group. Although the credit system has been implemented in the first batch of higher vocational colleges that have settled in the vocational education park, it is imperative to build a unified credit system in Haihe Vocational Education Park due to the differences of credit systems among colleges. In terms of mutual recognition of credits in Haihe Vocational Education Park, colleges and universities should actively cooperate with the mutual recognition or mutual conversion of related credits to ensure that the credits obtained by students in other colleges and universities in Haihe Vocational Education Park are recognized in Haihe Vocational Education Park. ?
The credit system is a teaching management system in colleges and universities. It calculates students' learning weight in units of credits. It is not only a unit for calculating students' learning weight, but also a monetary unit representing the level of a course. For example, a course is 3 credits in A school, but it is not recognized in B school because the teaching level of this course in A school is not high. If it is recognized in B school, it can only be "devalued". Therefore, a simple and effective way to ensure the smooth development of credit transfer is to establish a credible curriculum evaluation system with consistent evaluation standards. At the same time, it is necessary to solve a technical obstacle that hinders the conversion of credits, that is, the conversion of credits and hours in various universities should be consistent. Specifically, in Haihe Vocational Education Park, the Teaching Resources Sharing Committee of Vocational Education Park formulates the curriculum evaluation standards recognized by colleges and universities, then evaluates all intercollegiate elective courses in the park, gives different grades to each course according to the evaluation results, and formulates the conversion coefficient between different equivalents as the basis for credit conversion. For example, a student has obtained 4 credits and 48 hours of pedagogy in a foreign school, but in the course evaluation, this course only belongs to B, but the subject level of the student's school is high. In the training standard, all students' courses should reach A. According to the conversion coefficient from B courses to A courses, 4 credits should be multiplied by 0.75, resulting in 3 credits and 36 class hours. In a word, curriculum sharing is the core link of Haihe Vocational Education Park's collectivization, and a perfect credit mutual recognition and exchange mechanism is the basic condition to realize curriculum sharing, while the curriculum evaluation system is the basic tool system to realize credit conversion. These links are interlocking and indispensable. As long as we grasp these key links, we can realize the mutual recognition of credits in Haihe Vocational Education Park and ensure the smooth progress of teaching resources. ?
(d) Holding a vocational skills competition to promote the collectivization of Haihe Vocational Education Park?
In 2007, the Ministry of Education and Tianjin decided at the second leading group meeting of the National Vocational Education Reform Experimental Zone that from 2008 onwards, a national vocational college skill competition will be held in Tianjin every year. So far, this "professional" competition has been held in Tianjin for five consecutive years. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Education in June, 20 12 pointed out that vocational skills competitions at all levels of the country, local governments, industries and schools should be held well, and the results of vocational skills competitions should be regarded as an important basis for the enrollment of higher schools. Colleges and universities should become an important base for national knowledge innovation, technological innovation, national defense science and technology innovation and regional innovation. Holding the National Vocational College Skills Competition can enrich China's vocational education system, make the vocational education system with China characteristics more perfect, and improve the long-term cooperation mechanism between education departments and industry organizations; Promote school-enterprise integration and collectivization, and explore mutual benefit and complementary advantages between schools and enterprises.
In order to better realize resource sharing, the National Vocational Skills Competition has been held in Tianjin Haihe Education Park since 20 1 1. Tianjin is the main stadium, and Haihe Education Park has 19 events. Among them, the park public training center undertakes the competition project of "Fashion Design and Production", and other 18 projects are undertaken by six vocational colleges respectively. Haihe Vocational Education Park is located in Jinnan District, Tianjin, nearly 30 kilometers away from the city center. It is a comprehensive education park with complete facilities. Many higher vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools have taken root here. The park is also equipped with a practical education center, an education management center, a library, a high-class hotel and a public transportation hub, which has built a solid platform for the permanent settlement of the National Vocational College Skills Competition in Tianjin. ?
According to the theory of industrial agglomeration, the establishment of Haihe Vocational Education Group enables schools to integrate teaching resources, concentrate on developing dominant majors, make them bigger and stronger, and take the road of characteristic development while taking into account comprehensive development. This is not only the need for schools to enhance their competitiveness and maintain sustainable development, but also the general trend for Haihe Education Park to complete the task of national vocational education reform and innovation demonstration zone, give full play to the benefits of running schools and improve the overall utilization rate of resources. The National Vocational College Skills Competition has greatly promoted the running process of Haihe Vocational Education Park, which is mainly reflected in:
1. Teacher resource sharing?
Excellent teachers are the embodiment of teaching level and represent the leading level in a certain professional field. Through the guidance and guidance of excellent teachers, the overall level of teachers can be improved, so as to improve the teaching level and quality of the whole education park. There is a great gap in the strength of disciplines among universities. Some traditional disciplines have strong teachers and many academic leaders, while some emerging disciplines lack academic leaders. In the process of preparing for the skills competition, the cultivation of famous teachers can benefit many college students. Only in this way can we give full play to the influence of excellent teachers and realize the sharing of teacher resources. Holding competitions and hiring famous teachers for training can also benefit the students in the park. ?
In addition, the use of modern teaching methods, the popularization of computer internet in colleges and universities, and the extensive use of distance education methods, especially in basic courses such as mathematics, foreign languages and computers, can fully reflect the role of famous professors and experts, making resource sharing a simple and feasible way. ?
2. Practice training base resource sharing?
The Decision of the State Council on Vigorously Promoting the Reform and Development of Vocational Education issued by the State Council in 2002 pointed out that it is necessary to "continue to implement the construction plan of the open training center of vocational education" and "build a number of shareable experimental training bases in areas where vocational schools are relatively concentrated". Since 2003, the central government has invested 5.3 billion yuan to support the construction of 1080 vocational education and training centers, 1235 county vocational education centers, demonstration secondary vocational schools and 70 demonstration higher vocational and technical colleges, and the basic capacity building of vocational education has achieved initial results. The main purpose of running a training center is not to make a profit, but to allow the center to actively carry out training and vocational skill appraisal for other colleges, social training institutions, enterprises and institutions on the basis of meeting the daily training needs of vocational colleges and in accordance with the market-oriented operation mechanism. The charging standard shall be announced to the public in accordance with relevant laws and regulations and approved by the Municipal Education Commission and the Price Bureau. ?
The training center should establish a fair and open mechanism for all sectors of society by designing a detailed management system, and its resources can be enjoyed equally by all sectors of society. For example, it is necessary to clarify the arrangement principles of training projects, the equipment of training centers and the recent training arrangements in the management system. In order to ensure that the training center can meet the daily teaching needs of colleges and universities in Haihe Vocational Education Park, vocational colleges should put forward the training progress requirements to the center one semester in advance. ?
(V) Build an information resource sharing platform of Haihe Vocational Education Group?
The author thinks that Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Park should use the theory of informatization construction to make and organize the teaching resources, documents and scientific research of higher vocational colleges in the park in the form of digital electronic documents in a unified and standardized way, so as to provide convenient conditions for better integration and sharing of educational resources in the park and promote the popularization and application of educational informatization in the park. ?
The integration of resource information in Tianjin Haihe Education Park should not only pay attention to the transmission of information, but also pay attention to the depth and breadth of information retrieval, the forms and means of information expression, and the user's experience and needs. In the process of organizing and integrating educational resources, Tianjin Haihe Education Park should first make clear the goal of integrating educational resources, identify the user environment, determine the corresponding information scheme, then group the relevant information, determine the information content, form a document defining the information structure, and then generate the information structure of educational resources in the park, so that users can learn according to this structure and quickly find the location of the information they care about. In addition, it is necessary to design the interface of educational resources information in the park, make a good bridge between information users and information content, use this interface to display and publish educational resources information in the park, and finally form an evaluation of the integration effect of educational resources in the park, so as to realize the efficient dissemination of information, promote the collectivization development of Tianjin Haihe Vocational Education Park, improve the quality of education and teaching in the park, and promote the healthy and rapid development of vocational education in Tianjin and even the whole country. ?