1) internal and social factors that damage the self-stability mechanism of the elderly and cause the decline of walking ability.

2) Pathological and pharmacological factors, including: ① Pathological factors: cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases, abnormal motor organs, etc. ② Pharmacological factors Physiological factors include: ① Decreased control of central and peripheral nervous system; ② Incoming sensory information is abnormal; (3)-It is easier to fall. Taking sedatives, psychotropic drugs and antihypertensive drugs will affect the balance ability and easily lead to falls; ③ Psychological factors: decreased muscle strength and osteoporosis in the elderly population; ④ Biomechanical factors; ⑤ Sensory function, that is, the central processing ability of healthy elderly people decreases, and external factors are sensed, that is, environmental factors that lead to falls of the elderly. The risk of environmental factors depends on the risk of the surrounding environment and the adaptability of the elderly to the environment. Outdoor environmental hazards not only refer to the environment and facilities, but also include the unsafe factors of social order. Make appropriate actions and fall; 6 vision, visual impairment in the elderly is very common, and vision plays an important role in maintaining balance. In the middle school stage, falls occur repeatedly and cause one or more injuries to varying degrees, so people will have fear and form "falls-loss of confidence"