Observation method refers to a method in which researchers use their own senses and auxiliary tools to directly observe the research object according to a certain research purpose, research outline or observation table, so as to obtain information. Scientific observation is purposeful, planned, systematic and repeatable. Common observation methods are:

1) checklist method;

2) Grade scale method;

3) Narrative description.

Observation generally uses sensory organs such as eyes and ears to perceive the observed object. Due to the limitation of human sensory organs, observers often have to resort to various modern instruments and means, such as cameras, tape recorders, video recorders and so on. Assist in observation.

1, advantages of observation:

1) It can obtain information directly through observation without other intermediate links. So the observed data is more real.

2) Observed in the natural state, vivid data can be obtained.

3) observing the advantages of timeliness can capture what is happening.

4) Observation can collect some unspeakable materials.

2. Observation, like other scientific research methods, has its own limitations.

1) Due to the time limit, some events have a certain time limit, and will not happen again after this time.

2) Limited by the observed object. For example, studying juvenile delinquency, some secret gangs generally don't let others observe.

3) Limited by the observer himself. On the one hand, human senses have physiological limitations, and it is difficult to observe directly beyond this range. On the other hand, the observation results will also be influenced by subjective consciousness.

4) Observers can only observe external phenomena and some material structures, but cannot directly observe the essence of things and people's ideology.

5) Observation method is not suitable for large-scale investigation.