During the period of the Second Republic, under the influence of fallow law, private and religious forces widely participated in the establishment and development of primary schools, which led to an increase in the number of private primary schools to some extent. According to statistics, by the end of 1863, there were 3,000 private primary schools for men and 4,500 private primary schools for women in China.

During the Second Empire, Minister of Education V.Duruy showed great concern for the cause of primary education. Under his direct leadership, the funds for primary education have increased, and the content of primary education has also expanded.

The development of the Paris Commune period is mainly manifested in the development of free and compulsory primary education. The commune education committee solemnly declared that every child has an inalienable right to education. Books, maps, papers and other school supplies are distributed to students free of charge, and no teacher may charge students for such school supplies for any reason.

In the early days of the Third Republic, after Li, a Republican and lawyer, became Minister of Education, he promulgated the First Ferry Law and the Second Ferry Law in 188 1 882, which established the three principles of obligation, free and secularization for the first time in the history of French education. The bill defines the age of 6- 13 as the statutory compulsory education stage, and children receiving family education must go to school to take an exam once a year from the third year; Impose fines on parents who do not send their children to school; Exempt public kindergartens and primary schools from tuition and fees, and exempt normal schools from tuition, meals and accommodation; Abolish the privilege of fallow law to supervise schools and priests as teachers, stop religious classes in public schools and set up moral and civic education classes instead. It should be said that the promulgation and implementation of the First Ferry Law and the Second Ferry Law provided legal protection for the development of primary education in this period, pointed out the direction of further efforts, and marked that the development of primary education in France reached a new level.

After World War I, France set off a wave of "unified school movement" under the advocacy and organization of "New University Federation". The "New University Federation" understands "joint school" as "a common school for all and all". At the beginning of the movement, the focus of the unified school movement was in the field of primary education, and the specific goals of the reform were: increasing the number of years of compulsory education; Abolish the dual-track school system and establish a "unified school" to provide a unified education for all children.