At present, juvenile delinquency has become a global problem, and the age of crime tends to be younger. In order to prevent and control juvenile delinquency, experts from various countries have studied corresponding measures and countermeasures. Our country also promulgated the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency on June 28th, 1999, and paid great attention to this issue. Shanghai has made great efforts in controlling and preventing juvenile delinquency, and has also achieved certain results. However, due to various reasons, there are still many hidden dangers in juvenile delinquency. In addition to the social decay and ugliness, the unhealthy psychology of teenagers is also a hidden danger of juvenile delinquency. Due to the negative influence of society, family and school, a considerable number of teenagers have psychological problems, some of which have not been cleaned up in time and have embarked on the road of illegal crimes under the guidance of some factors.
Middle school students are in an important stage of rapid physical and mental growth and development. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mental health problems of middle school students in order to prevent juvenile delinquency, improve the quality of school education and make teenagers grow up healthily.
First, the current situation and characteristics of middle school students' illegal crimes
Middle school students' illegal crime is a complex social phenomenon with its own characteristics, of which the violent type accounts for about 46%, the property type accounts for about 4 1%, and the erotic type accounts for about 10%. The main characteristics of middle school students' illegal crimes are:
1. The gang nature of the actors. In order to seek some psychological sustenance or satisfy some unnatural desires, middle school students usually form several people or gangs to commit crimes. Generally speaking, the organization process of such criminal gangs is relatively simple, often temporary and loose, and its disintegration form is simpler and more casual, and some even turn against each other because of a quarrel.
2. The uniqueness of behavioral motivation. Most middle school students commit crimes with only one motive, pursuing one purpose. Some steal to get property, while others commit crimes for revenge.
3. Sudden behavior process. Most middle school students who violate the law and commit crimes have no clear goals in advance and no clear direction of action. After being strongly stimulated by a certain state of affairs, they committed illegal and criminal acts.
4. The cruelty of behavior means. The middle school students who violate the law and commit crimes are at an impulsive age and have a weak legal consciousness. Sometimes they even fight for a word, regardless of the consequences.
Second, the current psychological analysis of middle school students' illegal crimes
The psychological characteristics of middle school students' crime are vanity, seeking excitement, anxiety and rebellion, and poor ability to resist setbacks.
1. Middle school students have poor ability to control their emotions and their psychology is not yet mature. After being eroded by external bad factors, the will is decadent, resulting in vanity. If they want to "set the stage" in front of their associates, they will often do things that ordinary people can't imagine regardless of the consequences. For example, in summer, three junior high school girls went to a ballroom to play because they were bored, and met a group of teenagers of similar age, led by a girl of 16 or 17. Because of disagreement, A asked several boys and teenagers who came with her to hijack three girls to a hotel and beat and torture them in turn. One of the girls was raped at the instigation of A, and the method was outrageous.
The above-mentioned cases highlight the suddenness, gang nature, single motive and cruel means of juvenile delinquency. Tracing back to the source, A's parents divorced, once wandered into the society, then derailed and lost their virginity, and then broke the jar and fell, becoming the leader of the black sheep, dominating the king and causing trouble. Some of the three female victims lacked family warmth, while others lacked discipline. They go to dance halls to seek excitement and have poor self-protection awareness. Their mouths are intolerant, and they eventually suffer because of their weak situation.
2. Middle school students have poor psychological endurance. In accidental events, people are often impulsive, don't know how to protect themselves by law, are easily confused and go to extremes. For example, on the way to school, a middle school student knocked down an old lady by bike. He began to behave well, that is, he sent the old lady to the hospital and expressed his willingness to pay the medical expenses. After being dealt with by the traffic police and awarded compensation, the old lady's husband forced him to double indemnity. Students' parents are blind and financially strapped, and they can't figure it out after being forced. They got as drunk as a fiddler, and then came up with the idea of "killing the old man". With the courage of drinking, he rushed to the old man's house and killed him with a hammer. The above case is purely unexpected. Boys usually have no misdeeds, but their psychological endurance is poor. This is also a common psychological problem among teenagers.
3. Due to the limitation of age and education level, underage women often only rely on their own subjective will to understand the problem unilaterally, sometimes forming wrong moral values and world views. In particular, girls who are puppy love are often stubborn, indifferent to all advice, showing blind worship of the opposite sex, strong dependence and lack of discrimination. They are inexperienced, vain and gullible. For example, a high school girl fell in love with a neighbor sailor. She met another handsome man when the sailor went out to sea. She was obsessed with this man, didn't listen to her parents' advice and played truant. The young man took her to his cousin's house for the night. That night, the young man turned over more than 20 thousand yuan in cash from his cousin's house, and she didn't stop him. The next day, the two of them ran away to spend money. After being arrested, the young man said that he had a criminal record and let the girls take the fall. During the trial, the young man put all the responsibility on the girl, which led to the girl being sentenced to heavy punishment. At the second trial, the girl told the truth and changed her sentence.
4. Stick education has caused children's strong rebellious psychology. Some parents are eager to "expect their children to succeed and their daughters to succeed". They don't know what their children think, but only ask them to do what they want. Only goals and pressures, no communication, no common language, lead to their children being "locked" outside, losing self-confidence inside, prone to confrontational psychology, and even losing control and slipping. For example, juvenile delinquent B, who was originally a junior high school student with good grades, was often satirized by his father because he failed to get into a key high school by a few points. Although he told his father that he would definitely go to college, he was scolded by his father many times. After being ridiculed once, B couldn't bear to refute and was slapped by his father. B left in a fit of pique, and was dragged into a theft gang a week later to commit a crime. To some extent, his father's "slap" sent him to prison.
5. Now there is a phenomenon of "hooliganism" around primary and secondary schools. This behavior of bullying others and robbing money around middle school students often appears in real life. A large number of primary and secondary school students are attacked by "hooligans", and more students are afraid of being entangled and bullied by "hooligans" in the future. And "villains" are often students who can't finish their studies, or students who are tired of studying and playing truant. They are usually boring. They bully the weak with the strong and the small with the big. They often have the psychology of pursuing excitement and exchange the pain of others for their own happiness.
In middle school, students' physiology and psychology will undergo major changes. At present, middle school students have the phenomenon of rapid physical development and obvious lag in psychological development. With the rapid change of physical appearance, the enhancement of living ability and the expansion of activities, they have formed a strong sense of adulthood and independence, but they still need the help and guidance of their parents and teachers in their life and understanding, showing the coexistence of independent desire and dependence habits; The maturity of sexual function makes them feel a certain distance from their parents and teachers psychologically, hoping to be understood but unwilling to be interfered, which forms the contradictory psychology of young people's early locking and opening. During this period, they will also encounter a strong desire for knowledge and the contradiction between desire and weak will due to lack of will to work hard. The interweaving of various contradictions makes their psychological state unbalanced, and the excitement of adolescent nervous system makes their psychological development obviously unstable, changeable and turbulent. In the meantime, they are at the crossroads of their lives. At this time, if they encounter setbacks, can not get timely comfort, psychological repression can not be resolved, accidents often occur. The formation of many "problem students" is a process of "problems" gradually accumulating, from quantitative change to qualitative change. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the mental health of middle school students.
Third, the reasons and countermeasures of middle school students' illegal crimes
There are many reasons for middle school students' psychological problems, mainly as follows:
1. Family factors
At present, the main problems in family education are: parents' outdated educational concepts, too high expectations for their children, and too much pressure on their children, which leads to psychological obstacles for young students; Ignoring non-intellectual factors, the concept of labor education is particularly poor; Parents' education methods are inconsistent, or they mainly exert pressure, ignoring the mental health education of teenagers and even discriminating against children; Parents are divorced, children are not warm and depressed, and they are often troubled by loneliness and fear. Obviously, a considerable number of parents regard their children as their own private property and accessories, and their educational methods are autocratic, demanding too much of their children and controlling them too strictly, ignoring their physical and mental development, stifling their personality differences and seriously affecting their mental health development.
2. School factors
Due to the one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, some schools attach importance to knowledge infusion and ignore ability training; Attaching importance to intelligence and achievement, ignoring emotion and will, and not paying enough attention to cultivating students' good psychological quality as an indispensable educational content. As a result, a considerable number of students, despite their high test scores, are not qualified in psychological quality, which is characterized by narrow-mindedness, weak will, lack of frustration tolerance, self-control, self-care ability and labor concept, and increasingly prominent psychological obstacles and mental illness. However, some students are neglected or even discriminated by teachers because of their poor study, resulting in inferiority and anxiety, and even manifested as "broken cans and broken falls" such as being tired of learning and playing truant. According to the survey of middle school students' mental health, among 296 1 students in different types of schools, 13.76% of junior high school students and 18.79% of senior high school students have serious mental health problems.
3. Social factors
Due to well-known reasons, there are also some dregs in the rolling tide of reform and opening up in society, and some unhealthy phenomena are eroding the younger generation everywhere, such as some scenes unsuitable for young people in film and television culture, "street stall culture", discos, bars, game rooms and other places unsuitable for young people in entertainment circles, which attract many students with weak will and poor self-control, and some unscrupulous businessmen use pornography and gambling to make profits. Therefore, how to strengthen law enforcement, enhance teenagers' mental health and defense ability, and safeguard and safeguard teenagers' interests are all important topics.
Fourth, the countermeasures to prevent middle school students from committing crimes.
In view of the above three problems, the countermeasures to prevent middle school students from committing crimes are as follows:
1. Follow the law of teenagers' physiological and psychological development and do a good job in family education.
Middle school students are in a critical period from teenagers to young people. They encounter two important stages, namely "psychological weaning period" and "sexual hunger and thirst period". They are most prone to emotional confusion and psychological frustration. This requires parents to understand their increasingly strong sense of independence and the development needs of independent personality, scientifically guide and care for their growth, teach them the necessary knowledge of physical health and mental health, and comfort their unbalanced and turbulent mentality with affection and love, so that they can gain a sense of psychological security and overcome psychological setbacks. Especially for children from disabled families and children with disabilities, schools and society should pay more attention to their growth. In disabled families, especially divorced families, many unfavorable factors often seriously affect the development of children's non-intelligence factors. Teenagers who live in endless quarrels and annoying and suffocating environments will have a serious sense of psychological frustration, and their personality development will be distorted and deformed, leading to their withdrawn, rude, melancholy and stubborn personality, and their hearts contain a sense of shame and inferiority. You can imagine the sadness and pain of those children who are abused or even ravaged by their stepfathers or stepmothers with low ideological and moral standards. However, disabled children have more psychological trauma and inferiority complex. Schools should care for these children through correct channels, educate and help them raise their awareness, encourage them to stand on their own feet and love themselves, and protect their healthy growth through legal means when necessary.
To educate these special children, we must follow the principle of complementing each other's strengths, and educate them to enhance their confidence and courage in life, know how to be self-respecting, self-reliant and self-reliant, and pay attention to honing their will and perseverance. At the same time, we should prevent going to the other extreme-exercising autocracy or pushing children into society. Parents must reach out to help teenagers who slip, be emotional, rational, patient, sincere and patient. Only in this way can their hearts, which have suffered serious setbacks, be transformed and revived.
2. Schools should strengthen moral awareness, people-oriented, and create a good educational environment.
Suhomlinski said in "Suggestions for Teachers": "Caring for children's health is an important job for educators." Of course, this also includes mental health education and psychological quality training.
It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of teachers' morality, update the concept of education, vigorously advocate the concept of "teaching and educating people" among teachers, treat every student fairly, care for special students, advocate "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" and "developing personality", and let teachers get rid of the shackles of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate and become explorers of quality education. The assessment of teachers in schools should be comprehensive. It is necessary to strengthen the ideological and political education and life management of young people, especially the education of patriotism, ideals and beliefs, outlook on life and world outlook. At the same time, enrich campus cultural life, create a campus environment conducive to the healthy development of students' body and mind, strengthen collectivism education, and cultivate students' sense of social responsibility.
Schools can set up frustration education courses or lectures, so that students can understand frustration situations, frustration cognition, frustration coping, frustration defense, frustration counseling, frustration counseling and other frustration basic knowledge, improve frustration awareness, and consciously enhance their ability to cope with setbacks. Strengthen the cultivation of the spirit of "Five Selfs", that is, self-study, self-care, self-improvement and self-discipline, so that they can know how to protect themselves, learn to solve problems independently, understand laws and regulations, safeguard their own interests, respond to all kinds of difficulties and dangers bravely, and cultivate their self-confidence, self-regulation and self-restraint ability.
Schools should establish and improve psychological counseling and counseling institutions to help teenagers deal with various specific problems and puzzles encountered in the process of growing up. For example, improve learning methods, use the brain scientifically, and improve learning interest, learning ability and learning effect; Evaluate yourself correctly, treat others correctly, master the skills and art of interpersonal communication, and establish good interpersonal relationships; Treat sexual problems scientifically and seriously, correctly handle issues such as love and study, friendship and lovelorn, and learn to use active defense mechanisms and self-psychological adjustment methods to avoid or alleviate psychological trauma when encountering major setbacks.
3. Strengthen social education and form an educational network.
The hope of a nation lies in its young generation, and the pride of a nation lies in a steady stream of outstanding talents. Our times need talents more than ever before. More than ever, our country needs a group of staunch patriots, and more industrious, self-reliant, indomitable and indomitable entrepreneurs. British philosopher Locke said: "Educational mistakes are more serious than other mistakes." Creating a good educational environment should attract the attention of the whole society.
Social legislation and law enforcement departments should improve laws and regulations, strengthen law enforcement and rectify the off-campus environment. Strictly control unlicensed vendors and all places that are not suitable for youth activities.
All the streets and village committees in the community should keep abreast of the students in their respective areas, especially the children from special families, so as to have a clear idea, focus on helping education, do a good job of parents, and make education form a joint force. In winter and summer vacations or weekends, various social education activities can be carried out in the community, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of students' body and mind. Schools can give full play to the role of their own resources, open to community teenagers, and combine with the community to provide sports venues that are beneficial to the physical and mental health of teenagers, so that teenagers can carry out various beneficial activities, such as ball games, chess activities, reading activities, or offer various counseling lectures.
The organic combination of school, society and family, all-round education and the formation of network will be effective measures to alleviate the bad psychological state of middle school students and prevent their illegal and criminal acts.
Robbed 5 yuan's money and became a robber.
"Only 5 yuan!" When the reporter and several middle school students talked about the following case, almost every student showed surprise. They didn't understand: How can 5 yuan money violate the criminal law?
At 0 o'clock in the morning of June 20, 2004, four people, including Wang Moumou, a senior three student from a middle school in Yinchuan, met in an Internet cafe. Among them, Ma proposed to "get some money" to surf the Internet, and the other three agreed. Four men came to the vicinity of the Second Brigade of the Traffic Police in Lijing Street, xingqing district, pulled Guo, who was passing by here, off his bicycle, punched and kicked him, snatched cash and 5 yuan's money and fled the scene. After the incident, four people were arrested. The court held that the actions of the four defendants constituted robbery, and they were sentenced to three years in prison, suspended for three years, fined 4,000 yuan, sentenced to two years in prison, suspended for three years, and fined 4,000 yuan. Because during the probation period, they lost a precious opportunity for the college entrance examination, but it was too late to regret it.
During the interview, many minors, like the four defendants, knew little about the law. In their minds, the law is far away from them, and some people even think that their lives will not have anything to do with the law. In this state of almost ignorance of the law, crime has the conditions for breeding.
Owning huge gambling debts, the students in No.3 Middle School embarked on the road of killing people.
On the morning of September 24, 2003, a man's body was found in the drainage ditch near Xinping Village, Helan County. The Criminal Police Brigade of Helan County Public Security Bureau quickly confirmed that the body belonged to Ma, an employee of an enterprise who disappeared in the county on September 20. It took 14 hours, and three middle school students suspected of the case, Tie, Fang and Yang, were arrested and brought to justice.
Tie, Fang and Yang are all senior three students in a middle school in Helan County. From June to August this year, three people repeatedly went to Ma's house to "cheat Jinhua" to gamble, and Ma gave him a "release" in the form of bookkeeping, resulting in three people owing gambling debts of 6.5438+0.32 million yuan, of which Yang owed gambling debts of 6.5438+0.65438+0 million yuan. Because all three are middle school students, unable to repay huge gambling debts, they began to avoid horses. According to Tiemou, Ma asked an acquaintance to leave a message or call him to urge him to pay back the money as soon as possible. After school started this autumn, Ma blocked them at the school gate two or three times and threatened to tell their parents or school about their gambling debts if they didn't pay back the money. So the three conspired to kill the horse to completely erase the gambling debt.
On September 15, Tiemou asked Fangmou to buy an axe in the market and prepared an army thorn himself. On the night of September 19, Tie and Fang tricked Ma into a secluded place after studying at night, killed him and threw his body into the drainage ditch near Xinping Village, 3 kilometers away.
This case caused great repercussions in the society. A legal worker said that if these three middle school students knew more about the law and knew that gambling debts were not protected by law, maybe they wouldn't risk killing people.
The relevant person in charge of the Youth Rights and Interests Division of the Youth League Committee of the Autonomous Region said that this case also reflected some problems existing in the current youth rights protection. Although the whole society is concerned about the healthy growth of teenagers, when their rights and interests are infringed, it is difficult for them to seek other channels of help except schools and parents. When they encounter problems, they can't find a reliable consulting department. In the future, we should strengthen the construction of various youth assistance centers to create a good social environment for the healthy growth of young people.
The cause of the crime is thought-provoking
In the process of journalists' contact with some juvenile offenders, the childish faces, the tears of remorse and the lingering yearning for the future make people unable to associate them with the name "criminal" for a while. When a reporter asks, "What is the main reason for your crime?" At that time, most of the answers were "seduced by bad people in society", "I don't want to go home" and "I can't learn well by myself".
How did these immature minors lose themselves step by step and embark on the road of crime? In addition to the subjective internal factors such as low education level, weak legal consciousness and lack of self-control, the negative influence of family, school and society on them is also the objective external cause of their crime. Some families are not perfect, neglect their children, children lack the love of their parents, or are neglected and discriminated by their stepparents, and their young hearts are traumatized; In some families, the disharmony between husband and wife leads to children's loneliness and extreme mentality; Some parents are too busy working or making money to take care of their children's education. When children make mistakes, they either beat and scold or even take extremely rude measures. Some families indulge their children too much, which leads to their abnormal personality development and bohemian behavior; Some parents have their own bad behaviors, such as gambling, taking drugs or reading some unhealthy books, periodicals and DVDs, which lead their children to get into bad habits and embark on the road of crime.
There is a disconnect between teaching and educating people in schools. Some schools unilaterally pursue the enrollment rate and ignore moral education, especially legal education. Some schools treat students differently, relax management, and even discriminate against students with poor academic performance or poor discipline, thus making some students embark on the vicious track of "low grades-tired of learning-dropping out of school-leaving home-committing crimes". Some cultural rubbish in society is also the main reason for juvenile delinquency. A few operators openly sell books, magazines, audio-visual products mixed with violence and pornography, as well as game halls and internet cafes that make many minors addicted, which have caused serious harm to the physical and mental health of minors with poor resistance and weak ability to distinguish right from wrong.
There are 0/854,600 minors in our district, accounting for 32.45% of the total population. Obviously, preventing and reducing juvenile delinquency is of great significance to maintaining social stability, promoting economic development and social progress in our region. To do this, you, me and him need to lend a helping hand to help "Bud" find the right direction in the flower season, grasp the future and bloom brilliantly in the bright sunshine. Yinchuan Evening News reporter Li Huijuan
"Mom and dad are very strict, but it's just my academic performance. Both schools and teachers are talking about legal knowledge, but they just can't listen. I always feel that my mother is really annoyed, too embarrassed and talks back. "
"How did you come up with the idea of fighting to solve the problem?"
"TV and video are like this. Quite awesome. "
"What's going on here?"
"I was disciplined, but I didn't expect to be called away by the police and taken to the detention center. I cried every day for the first month, and now it has been more than four months. I am looking forward to the court session soon, and then I can see my mother ... My mother takes care of me at home, and now I have to wash my thick cotton-padded clothes myself. "
"What do you want most now? Do you want to go out most? "
Lulu's answer I didn't expect-
"No, I know my problem is quite serious. I'm sorry for the students we bullied. I just want to see my mother. I haven't seen her since she was taken away by the police. It's been four months. I want to talk to her and beg my mother to forgive me. I'm sorry ... mom doesn't want me, and I will listen to every word of my parents in the future. "
Swallows grew up in intellectual families, which may also be the reason. Swallow's academic performance is the third in the whole grade and is recognized as a top student in the school. Lulu's parents are factory directors and managers. Lulu not only studies well, but also is the monitor. What the two children have in common is that parents and schools absolutely don't believe that they will commit crimes. However, it is these two "good students" who have violated the criminal law.
Hiding one's face and thinking deeply, juvenile delinquency has always been a problem of great concern to the whole society. One of the reasons is that the proportion of juvenile delinquency in the whole criminal crime is rising gradually. According to statistics, the incidence rate in the mid-1990s was eight times that in the 1980s. When it comes to juvenile delinquents, many people think of single-parent families and poor students. Without the warmth of family and good education, these are the causes of crime. Indeed, the statistics of 1995 show that such people account for an absolute number of juvenile members. Therefore, the focus of school, society and family education is naturally placed on the "susceptible part", and teachers and parents always pay more attention to the management of students with relatively poor academic performance. However, the author is surprised to find from Yanzi and Lulu, two criminal teenagers, that it is no news that such a good student with warm family, superior conditions, hard work and excellent homework has violated the criminal law. In a few years, it is likely that such "good students" who are among the best in their studies or serve as student cadres will embark on the road of crime. It may also be because of their excellent performance that parents and teachers often can't accept the fact that they commit crimes. After learning that his son was arrested for theft, the father of a three-good student tried his best to find the judge regardless of the fact that his son confessed to his theft in court, and vowed that the public security organ must have arrested the wrong person, and his son must have been frightened and talking nonsense.
Swallow and Lulu's schools and teachers often educate and their parents are strict, but they just don't listen. They always think that "recognizing brothers and sisters" is more important than friendship. The "boss" in the movie solves the problem by himself with a knife or fist. Looking for a teacher and calling the police are all small roles. Being a monitor and a top student is not as good as being a "big brother". Isn't that the distinction between good and evil? Swallow said, "I like watching TV from Hong Kong and Taiwan, which contains VCD describing Taibao and Teddy Boy. I like watching young and dangerous boys best ... on the one hand, books preach, on the other hand, vivid VCD. Which one do you think I like? "
In the final analysis, the key to juvenile delinquency is to purify the social environment. On the issue of juvenile delinquency, Li Liqian, vice president of Xicheng District People's Court, pointed out: the bad social environment is an important external reason for minors to form criminal psychology, so it is particularly important to purify the environment, and it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the bad stimulation that can lead minors to form criminal psychology from the outside. Whether it is to crack down on criminal crimes or to eliminate pornography and illegal publications, its purpose is to purify our social environment and establish a society ruled by law, which is of great significance to the education and growth of young people.
grow up
● Chen Hui
Different age groups have different legal meanings:
0 years old (fetus)-you have the right to inherit. Article 28 of the Inheritance Law stipulates: "When the inheritance is divided, the share of inheritance of the fetus shall be retained. ……"
1 year-the beginning of life. When a fetus is born from its mother, it has human dignity. Article 9 of China's General Principles of Civil Law stipulates: "Citizens enjoy civil rights from birth to death, enjoy civil rights according to law and assume civil obligations." /kloc-Minors under the age of 0/0 are persons with limited civil rights, and their legal representatives represent civil activities.
10 years old-have the right to choose. /kloc-Minors over the age of 0/0 can engage in civil activities appropriate to their age and intelligence, and other civil activities are represented by their legal representatives or with the consent of their legal representatives.
14 years old-the age of criminal responsibility is limited. The Criminal Law stipulates: "A person who has reached the age of 14 and is under the age of 16 commits the crimes of intentional homicide, intentional injury, serious injury or death, rape, robbery, drug trafficking, arson, explosion and poisoning, and shall bear criminal responsibility."
16 years old-employment age. "General Principles of Civil Law" stipulates: "People between the ages of 16 and 18 whose main source of livelihood is their own labor income are regarded as persons with full capacity for civil conduct." At this time, you have reached the age of full criminal responsibility.
18 years old-have the right to vote. At this age, you are an adult. According to the Constitution and the Electoral Law, all citizens over the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, except those who are deprived of political rights according to law. At the same time, people above 18 are also people with full capacity for civil conduct.
20 years old-the minimum age for female citizens to get married.
22 years old-the minimum age for male citizens to get married.
55 years old (female), 60 years old (male)-retirement age.
Note: Because there are too many words, it is impossible to list them all!
Please check the following website: Case Analysis of Middle School Students' Crime
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