curriculum standards
Curriculum standards are usually expressed by academic benchmarks in the United States, and domestic scholars such as Mr. Cui Yunkuo also use standards.
The so-called curriculum standard is the definition and expression of what students should know and can do after a period of study, which actually reflects the country's expectation of students' learning results. Curriculum standards usually include several internally related standards, mainly including content standards (defining the field of study) and achievement standards (stipulating the level that students should reach in a certain field).
Characteristics of students' physical and mental development
1, diversified development.
The physical and mental development of students requires not only all-round development, but also diversified development. It is necessary to cultivate students' intellectual, psychological, social, humanistic and physical skills and abilities, as well as appropriate values and social roles.
2. System development.
Physical and mental development is a systematic process. It involves all aspects of physiology, psychology, humanities and society, and all aspects are interrelated and complementary.
3. Clear objectives
Students' physical and mental development should have clear goals, which not only require students to achieve certain achievements in all aspects, but also give them more freedom and development space, and give full play to their creativity and innovation ability.
4. Student-centered.
The physical and mental development of students is a student-centered process, and the main goal is to cultivate students' self-management ability and learning ability.
5. All-round development of training.
Students' physical and mental development requires students to develop in an all-round way, and they can give full play to their greatest advantages in all aspects and maximize their development level.
6. Pay attention to practice
Practice is the key to students' physical and mental development. Schools can promote students' physical and mental development and cultivate their practical ability by organizing activities, practical teaching and practical training.
Textbooks, also known as textbooks, are teaching books that are written according to curriculum standards and systematically reflect the subject content. They are mainly composed of contents, texts, exercises, experiments, charts, notes and appendices.
Textbooks are the concretization of curriculum standards, which are usually divided into books, units or chapters according to academic year or semester. Texts are the main part of textbooks and an important symbol to measure the basic education level of a country or region.