1, orthodox
In order to resist the legalist thought of Buddhism, Han Yu put forward the idea of orthodoxy, which began with Yao Shun and followed Yao Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Confucius and Mencius. He called this traditional system of "Wang Zhidao first" and "teaching of saints" Taoism.
The educational purpose of "learning is the Tao" requires people to re-understand the benevolence, righteousness and morality of Confucianism through educational means in order to restore the exclusive position of Confucianism.
2. Teachers' Taoist view
Teachers' theory advocates respecting teachers and valuing morality. Shi Shuo is the first article about teachers in ancient China. It not only affirms the leading role of teachers in preaching, teaching and solving doubts, but also emphasizes that teachers should respect students, learn from them and learn from each other. It not only requires students to learn from teachers with an open mind, but also encourages students to dare to surpass teachers; It not only advocates the happiness of being a teacher, but also emphasizes not being ashamed to ask questions and humbly worshiping others as teachers.
3. The theory of "three natures of sex" and its educational function.
He put forward this idea from the idealistic theory of destiny, and used it as a theoretical basis to explain the role of education. He believes that human nature is formed by destiny, with three qualities: upper, middle and lower, and five moral contents: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. Education is to carry forward this kind of morality, and Confucian classics are the best educational content.
Top-class people are kind, middle-class people are hateful, not yet finalized, and inferior people are evil. He believes that sex can be moved, but the level of sex cannot be moved. People with the highest and middle quality can receive education, while those with the lowest quality can only be punished.
Besides sex, human nature also has feelings. There are five virtues in sex and seven emotions in love. There are differences and connections between sex and love. Starting from the theory of "three qualities of sex", on the one hand, he explained the contradictory unity of sex and emotion, called on people to pursue kindness, obedience and restraint, and correctly handled the relationship between them, which paved the way for the later Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties to "preserve righteousness and destroy human desires".
In addition, in the process of seeking goodness, we should take benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith as the central content. In order to resist the legalist thought of Buddhism, Han Yu put forward the idea of orthodoxy, which began with Yao Shun and followed Yao Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Confucius and Mencius. He called this traditional system of "Wang Zhidao first" and "teaching of saints" Taoism.
The educational purpose of "learning is the Tao" requires people to re-understand the benevolence, righteousness and morality of Confucianism through educational means in order to restore the exclusive position of Confucianism.
Starting from this proposition, on the one hand, he affirmed the positive role of education in promoting the change of human nature and called on people to receive education. On the other hand, it is believed that the role of education is limited and the main factor that determines people's development is education. The three qualities of human nature cannot be changed. Education can only play the role of taste, and can only turn inferior products into domestic products, and domestic products into top products. Inferior people have no right to education at all.
This theory of human nature not only makes a reasonable argument for the feudal hierarchy, but also makes a theoretical explanation for the vast majority of people to receive feudal moral education, which has obvious fatalism color.
4. On the Cultivation and Selection of Talents
He inherited the Confucian thought of ruling by virtue and attached importance to education. Because rule by virtue is a matter of rule by man, it needs a large number of talents, and the cultivation of talents mainly depends on education. The task of education is to cultivate talents for governing and rejuvenating the country. To this end, he called for the rectification of Chinese studies and the expansion of enrollment. Rectify the teaching staff, rectify teaching and establish a relatively normal teaching order.
We should not only pay attention to the cultivation of talents, but also pay attention to the selection of talents. He pointed out some drawbacks of the imperial examination and the unreasonable content of the examination. He asked the rulers to cherish talents and select talents in an eclectic way. This thought of loving talents, selecting materials and using materials is contrary to the thought of appointing people on merit and cronyism in feudal society, which has practical significance.