Who's Principe?

Gavrilo Princip (English: Gavrillo Princip, 18 July 25th 0894- 19 18 April 28th), Bosnian, Serbian nationalist, member of the Black Hands Society.

When Gavrilo Princip assassinated Crown Prince Ferdinand, he was a student in Belgrade, the Serbian capital. Afterwards, Principe admitted his crime because he was under 20 years old and could not be sentenced to death.

So he was sentenced to 20 years in prison at 19 14 and 10. Princip in prison had his arm amputated for health reasons and died of tuberculosis in prison on April 28th 19 18.

Princip's life

assassinate

On June 28th, A.D./KOLOC-0/9/KOLOC-0/4, after two months' premeditated, Princip fired seven shots with Browning M/KOLOC-0/9/KOLOC-0/0 automatic pistol in the streets of Sarajevo, killing Franz Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary and his wife Sophia, who were visiting Sarajevo. This was called the Sarajevo incident, and the assassination became the fuse of World War I, which eventually led to the outbreak of World War I..

survey

They interrogated Principi and Kabrinovich before the trial, the police also conducted a large-scale investigation, and the Austrian army also found Serbian customs documents, which led to the arrest of 23 other suspects. Only Muhammad Basque escaped to Montenegro.

On July 13 of the same year, Count von Bessie Tolde, Austrian Foreign Minister, received a secret telegram from an adjutant in Sarajevo, and evaluated the collected information:

The prisoner's statement undoubtedly shows that the defendant decided to take this atrocity in Belgrade, which was supported by Serbian officials in the preparatory stage. They also got bombs (pistols), ammunition and cyanide. There is no doubt that Principe, Grabez and Cabrinovic were smuggled with the help of Serbian customs. However, there is no evidence that Serbian government ministers directly issued assassination orders or provided weapons.

In August, the European powers determined their positions on this incident and launched a war before the preliminary investigation in Sarajevo ended on September 19 of the same year. The prosecution began on September 28. When Bodiot Lake considered postponing the trial until the end of the war, Bechtold objected in the letter 10 in June, and he also gave the procedures that judges and prosecutors should follow. The main purpose is that Austria wants Serbia to bear the moral responsibility for triggering a world war.

submit to trial

The trial of 25 defendants was held in the room of military prison on June 65438+1October 65438+February of the same year. There is no jury, and the trial is conducted by a jury of three judges. The trial result that Austria wants also determines the charges. Although murder is a capital crime, the accessory to murder is not.

Moreover, except Ikri, the other five murderers are all "male students" aged 65,438+09 or younger-therefore, according to Austrian criminal law, they cannot be executed. The seriousness of the case requires more than one death penalty. As a result, the charge became treason, because accomplices to treason can also be sentenced to death.

This is actually a public trial-only 1 1 day is too short to thoroughly investigate this complicated case and fully defend it. Although this is a public event on the surface, only a few specially invited people can enter the stadium (only Austrian supporters are eligible). Only six journalists attended the trial-three from Sarajevo, two from Budapest and one from Vienna; There are no reporters who disagree. The trial was conducted in Croatian.

Until the end of the trial, the defense lawyers actually kept silent, while the prosecutor asked the defendants about their origins, education, occupation and political views, especially the details of their participation in the secret revolutionary organization. These accusations are mainly directed at "national defense", a legal "cultural" organization that spreads nationalist propaganda. The prosecution obviously confused them with the mafia, so the mafia was not mentioned in the trial.

At the end of the trial, the unenthusiastic defense lawyers tried to excuse their clients with their poor background, the influence of bad partners and the propaganda supporting Serbia. Only Dr. Rudolph Steller made a passionate defense-he questioned the validity of the accusation of treason.

1908 merger bill says that the merger with Austria-Hungary requires mutual consent. Hungary has so far disagreed. Therefore, Bosnia and Herzegovina is an independent country, so the crime of treason cannot be applied. However, the court admonished him for his arrogance and found the crime of treason established.

In the same year1October 28th, 10, the court made a judgment: Danilo Jirik, Nedeljko Kabrinovich, Nejo Krovich, Mihailo Jovanovic and Yakov Milosevic were hanged (on appeal, Krovich's sentence was reduced to 20 years, Milosevic.

Sentenced Principe, Cabrinovic and Grabez to 20 years of hard labor; Sentenced Vasso Cubrilo 16 years of hard labor; Popovich was sentenced to 13 years of hard labor-every year on June 28th, the above five people were put in separate cells. The remaining six people were sentenced to three years to life imprisonment.

The end of principle

Principe, Cabrinovic and Bellague were sentenced to 20 years of hard labor, and they were taken to Telesenta in Bohemia. All three people died on April 28th of 19 18, apparently from tuberculosis, a disease caused by cold, hunger and poor medical conditions. In fact, this is a disguised form of chronic execution. After the war and the disintegration of Austria-Hungary, the newly established Czechoslovakia sent the bodies of several martyrs back to Yugoslavia.

What is often forgotten is the second act of Sarajevo's drama. It happened in Thessaloniki on April 2nd, 19 17, when it was under the control of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the trial of the mafia leader "Bee" began. Fearing that he would plot to assassinate the Regent, Serbian Regent Alexander ordered him to be dismissed and arrested. Also arrested was Muhammad Basque.

In this illegally manipulated trial, Bee was forced to admit his role in the assassination of Dagong, thinking that he would be released. However, he was found guilty on June 26th of 19 17 and was executed unjustly according to law.

In the following years, people put forward countless opinions about who should be ultimately responsible for the assassination in Sarajevo, but there was no evidence that it was a conspiracy at the highest level. This still seems to be the spontaneous behavior of a group of idealistic and enthusiastic nationalist youths. They were very unprofessional in the whole operation, and in their view, their success was entirely luck. And a series of political events triggered by their luck cast a shadow over the rest of the 20th century.