The Queen's True Face-Zetian Temple
Zetian Temple is located in the lower floor of the Great Buddha, the central building of Huangze Temple, and was built in the Tang Dynasty. Historically, it was called "Houdian of Wu" and "Houdian of Sheng Zetian". At present, there is a golden stone statue of Wuhou in the temple with a sitting Buddha on its head.
Crown, tassel on the chest, half arm wrapped with silk. Meditate with your hands in front of your abdomen, fasten your seat, and put your skirt on a square stone seat. Sitting like a bhikshuni with a crown and clothes, his face is wide and his forehead is wide, which is consistent with historical records. Takezawa
Tian, Ming, was born in Guangyuan in 624 AD and died in Shangyangguan, Luoyang in 705 AD. The Nine Domains in Song Dynasty said: After Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, she "endowed the temple with true meaning". This seemingly real stone carving has two images.
Features:
First, the expression of the stone statue shows his seriousness and peace after he ascended the throne.
Empress Wu Zetian reigned for 49 years, 2 1 year, 28 years as queen and 6 years as empress dowager. At the age of 67, she officially changed Tang Dynasty to Zhou Dynasty, ascended the throne and became the sacred emperor of Zhou Dynasty.
Second, the stone statue is dressed as a bhikshuni.
This is also an example of Wu Zetian attaching importance to Buddhism and using Buddhism to serve his politics. At that time, the state religion that the Li family believed in was Taoism of Li Er, the ancestor of the same clan and surname as the royal family. The ruling thought is still the traditional way of Confucius and Mencius, and the mother instrument is too big in the world
The eldest grandson of the Emperor Zong is a model of virtue. He often lives in a deep palace and never leaves. She also carefully compiled ten articles about women to educate women all over the country. The idea that men are superior to women in the Tang Dynasty is still deeply rooted in the ruling class. And Buddha
However, there is a saying of the queen of wheels. Therefore, with the introduction of the Great Cloud Shujing, Wu Zetian transformed her into a Maitreya Buddha, and she thought that her political outlook had been solemnly and orthodox interpreted. Huangze Temple is in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
It is more appropriate to create a Buddhist temple that is becoming more and more prosperous in the Tang Dynasty and dress up as a Buddha.
Regarding the evaluation of Wu Zetian, people always argue endlessly, praising beauty and belittling coexist. In the study of China's ancient history, no other person can make historians have such contradictory comments. She was unique in the feudal dynasty of China.
Yes, the Tao of Confucius and Mencius has been passed down for thousands of years, and the only female emperor stood out in ancient civilization. This alone, it is doomed that Wu Zetian is a charming figure who can't be "conclusive".
However, there are several points that are recognized by history. (1) Actively promote the line of enriching the people and attach importance to agricultural development. During her reign, the social economy rose steadily, and the population increased from 3.8 million in Taizong period to 6 1.5 million in the later period of the empress.
For home use. (2) Strong national strength. The national territory, east, west, north and south, reached the climax of the whole Tang Dynasty. Military achievements far exceed the period of Zhenguan. (3) Appoint people by appointment system. I have written several times to ask for talents, and I have made an exception for talented people.
Use, so as to select and train a large number of talents. (4) Be good at receiving counseling. At that time, even farmers and firewood men could negotiate with the emperor. Efforts were also made to improve the status of women, so that women's lives in the Tang Dynasty were more colorful than those in the feudal era.
A lively situation.
Wu Zetian's political career is a complex combination, and her limitations are also very prominent. There have been mistakes in reusing cruel officials, appointing consorts, disturbing punishment and killing innocent people, which have caused some disasters and damage to the country.
Wu Zetian's favoritism towards Toy Boy, Xue Huaiyi and Zhang Er has always been one of the focuses of criticism. But which emperor in ancient times was not "seventy-two concubines in three palaces and six courtyards"? The male emperor is like this, and the female emperor has never tasted it.
Can't? Feudal orthodox historians denounced this as "Chen Si the hen" and "promiscuous palace", which would lead to "chaos in the world". However, during the decades when Wu Zetian was in power, there was no large-scale peasant uprising.
What extraordinary ability and wisdom, courage and courage a woman needs to be an emperor! At that time, both military commanders who went to the battlefield and learned civil servants fell at the feet of a woman, just as Mr. Lu Xun said, "When Wu Zetian was emperor, who dared to say that men were superior to women?"
Therefore, the late Honorary President of the State, Ms. Soong Ching Ling, wrote a comment that "Wu Zetian was the only female emperor in China history and an outstanding female politician in feudal times". Mr. Guo Moruo also wrote this couplet "Zheng"
"When the Yuan Dynasty ascended the throne in Dazhenguan Temple, the light of Xiangjiange was the benefit of the country. In other words, Wu Zetian came to power, inherited and developed the rule of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong, and inspired the Kaiyuan flourishing age founded by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Her achievements and deeds have been spread and praised in the majestic Jianmenguan area.
Yang, brilliant achievements have made my hometown Guangyuan proud.
On the right side of "Rong Zhen Stone Statue", there is such a monument-Zheng Guang Monument. This monument was unearthed in 1954, at the entrance of Huangze Temple when baoji-chengdu railway was built (now the railway has been moved). The time inscribed on the inscription is "Zheng Guang 22"
"In 959 AD, that is, the reign of Guang Guang in Shu after the Five Dynasties. The first topic on the tablet is "Huangze Temple in Dashuli Mansion, the newly built Wushi Temple after Emperor Tang Ze", which was set up by the military ambassador Li. The full text is 29 lines, each line.
29 words, parallel style, where the text meets "Hou" and "Tianhou", it must be mentioned in the top case, and when it meets honorific words, it will be empty, and it will be respectful and reserved. This monument is an early material for studying the history of Huang Ze 'an, and it is also a textual research on the birth of Wu Zetian.
Important evidence of Yu Guangyuan. There are two main points. First, the name of "Huangze Temple" has been clearly written on this monument, which is 120 years earlier than that recorded in Yuanfeng Jiuyuzhi in the Northern Song Dynasty. Second, the inscription says, "Tian Wu Hou Shi is a person or a thing."
There is a real record ... "This sentence shows that Wu Zetian was born in Guangyuan during the governor of her father Ren Lizhou (Guangyuan). The inscription also records that during the Tang and Five Dynasties, Wu Zetian was worshipped as a god by the local people, and it never rains but it pours? "Soldiers and civilians pray.
I prayed in the Tianhou Palace and answered them all. "and the scale of temple construction and temple production at that time. Later, praying to the marquis of Wu to bless such a spontaneous ancestor worship activity evolved into Wu Zetian's birthday.
Guangyuan's folk custom "On the 23rd day of the first month, women swim around the river" is also the origin of 1 "Daughter's Day" in Guangyuan every September.
According to Li Shangyin's poem "Li Zhou Jiang Tan Zuo" and Huang Ze? Quot According to Zheng Guang Monument and Rongzhen Wuhou Stone Carving Statue, Wu Zetian was undoubtedly born in Guangyuan.
Treasure of Stone Carving —— Cliff Statue of Huangyi Temple
The Cliff Statue of Huangze Temple is the first batch of key cultural relics protection units announced by the State Council in March 196 1. Buddha statues are distributed on the cliff face at the foot of the east wall of Xishan in the temple. There are 54 grottoes in the temple, with a total of 1203 figures. Stoneboog
Grottoes began in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, and flourished in the early Tang Dynasty after the Northern Zhou and Sui Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, they gradually became temples dedicated to ancestors in Wu Hou, and shrines and statues were no longer opened. "
Zhongzhu Cave, also known as Branch Cave, is located on the south side of the middle floor of the Giant Buddha Building, numbered 45.
No.,excavated in the late Northern Wei Dynasty and slightly carved in the early Tang Dynasty, is the earliest existing cave in Huangze 'an. In front of this cave, a square portal was dug, with a flat top and a slightly curved shape, with a depth of 2.76 meters and a width of 2.6 meters. In the center of the cave, a square column goes straight to the top of the cave, and there are three holes.
Carve a niche on the wall, carving a Buddha, two disciples and two bodhisattvas, carving seven buddha on the top of the niche, carving a small gold in Montana, and carving a statue of a Buddha and two disciples in the niche. There are thousands of buddhas on the three walls, and the central laurel consists of three parts: the tower foundation, the tower body and the roof. sequence
Carve a niche on the first and second floors, and take one Buddha, two bodhisattvas and three statues.
The main niche of the central column shows the Buddha in the third world (past, future and present), which refers to the time in personal life where Buddhism causes and effects are constantly moving. Because of its continuous relationship in time, it is commonly known as "Shu San". Right in the middle.
For the present Buddha, namely Sakyamuni Buddha. On the left is the past Buddha, that is, the burning Buddha, which is a free translation of Sanskrit and also translated as "."
The Buddhist scriptures say that everything around him was as bright as a lamp when he was born, hence the name. On the right is the future Buddha, Maitreya Buddha. Explained from the concept handed down from generation to generation, these three are Taitai, which runs in the family, a teacher and a student.
The central pillar changed from stupa to cave. Zhongzhu Grottoes in Huangze Temple were influenced by the spread of Central Plains Grottoes in the north. Carve Buddhist niches on the pillars and three walls of the grottoes, and carve Buddha statues for monks to worship when chanting, in order to obtain the merit of "if people spin Buddha and the place where they spin towers, they will also be blessed."
This grotto is a rare early grotto with exquisite carving, ingenious structure and simple technology.
The "Five Buddha Cave" is located on the upper floor of the Five Buddha Pavilion in Huangze Temple. No.51was named "Five Buddha Cave", which was excavated in the late Sui Dynasty. It is an open cave with a circular arched niche with a slightly curved top and a low valley behind it. There are five main statues of one Buddha, two disciples and two bodhisattvas, such as the double tree with relief on the back and the figure of the protector of Tianlong Babu.
this
The main figures in the grottoes are: Sakyamuni Buddha in the center, disciples Ye Jia and Ananda around; Outside is a threatened bodhisattva statue. Its statues are exquisite and self-cultivation, with the legacy of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Disciples and bodhisattvas stand with their knees slightly bent, showing a
A relaxed, casual and elegant manner. The statue uses the method of alternating density, carving out thin clothes lines, gently sticking them on the slender body, vaguely revealing the stretching and bodybuilding of limbs, as if just coming out of the clear river.
It shows the strong artistic style of the so-called "Cao out of the water" in China ancient art, and has a strong artistic appeal.
(Buddha Cave) is located on the upper and lower floors of the Buddha. This niche, No.28, is called "Giant Buddha Cave", which was dug in the early Tang Dynasty. This cave is a horseshoe-shaped cave with an arc roof and a height of 6.68.
Meters, 3.6 meters deep. The main statue is a Buddha, two disciples and two bodhisattvas, and the high relief on the back wall personifies the protector of Tianlong Babu. In the lower part between the right disciple and the right bodhisattva, there is a statue of a donor who kneels on one knee with his hands folded.
0.67 meters.
The main figures displayed in this cave are: Amitabha Buddha in the middle, 4.9 meters high, the founder of the Buddhist paradise in China and the West, with two disciples Ye Jia and Ananda on the left and right; The one who adorns the beads with the outer crown is a bodhisattva, and the one who adorns the Buddha with the crown is Guanyin. Amitabha, Dazhizhi and Guanyin are also called "the three sages of the West".
The Giant Buddha Grottoes are the largest grottoes in Huangze Temple, with the most exquisite statues. Its shape and layout are close to the five Buddha caves, but its image capacity is more and more sufficient. It is a representative work of stone carving in the early Tang Dynasty in China, with exquisite carving, meticulous description and skillful carving techniques.
Coming downstairs from the Giant Buddha, we went to visit the precious silkworm stone carving cartoon-Twenty Things of Silkworm.
As we all know, sericulture production has a very long history in China. According to the research of archaeologists and ancient documents, as early as the Neolithic Age, that is, more than 5,000 years ago, our ancestors brought home wild silkworms from mulberry trees.
The techniques of sericulture, silk reeling and weaving have appeared in aquaculture. The earliest existing Oracle Bone Inscriptions in China is "Silkworm".
Pictographs such as "mulberry", "silk" and "silk" can be found in the cultural relics unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province, and silk fabrics in the early Western Han Dynasty can also be seen, with exquisite craftsmanship. Sericulture production and silk technology in China,
This is a must in the world. "Ancient Silk Road"
Left us with valuable cultural relics and experience in sericulture. However, due to the ups and downs of internal affairs for a long time, not many things are well preserved. However, such a group of treasures-"Twelve Things of Silkworm and Mulberry" have been protected in Huangzean Liwei.
Twelve pictures of sericulture embedded in the stone wall of the corridor on the north side of the Five Buddha Pavilion in Huangze Temple are composed of fourteen stone tablets, with a height of 1.3 meters and a total length of 5.8 meters. The author collected them on the dark gray pear garden stone.
Painting by intaglio carving, with soft lines, different figures' postures, exquisite composition, exquisite carving, rich life breath and pure customs of northern Sichuan, is a rare stone carving art treasure.
This series of cartoons takes the "silkworm god" Matou Niang as the first picture, bringing people into the harvest situation of silkworm fat and cocoon length. Then, we show our country with four pictures: selecting mulberry, planting mulberry, planting mulberry and picking mulberry.
The experience of mulberry cultivation in Qing dynasty; Reproduce the methods of raising silkworms in Qing Dynasty with eight pictures: nesting seeds, rearing silkworms, feeding silkworms, sleeping, withering, cocooning, pickling and reeling, so that people can know how to raise silkworms at a glance.
From planting mulberry to reeling, the whole process can be described as ingenious.
The author of this set of stone reliefs was Zeng, the magistrate of Guangyuan County during the Qing Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Jiaqing, Hubei Jingshan Juren served as a military attache.
Seeing that the local people were living in poverty, the county magistrate of Zhao Hua ordered all localities to use vast fields to plant mulberry and raise silkworms, wrote books, summarized and popularized the technology of planting mulberry and raising silkworms, and made a series of regulations. This method soon took effect, and in the seventh year of Qing Daoguang.
(AD 1827), thousands of miles of post roads in Guang and Zhao counties are all shaded by mulberry trees, which is better than the peach blossom in Heyang and the willow color in Jiangnan. This winter, when I was ordered to be transferred to Tongzhi in Songzhou, I rushed to do this set of twelve things about sericulture.
Pass it on to future generations In the picture, he devoted his efforts to integrating the strange mountains and strange waters of Guangyuan into the painting. Through exquisite pictures, he can see the beautiful rural scenery, hardworking silkworm wife and busy countryside in Guangyuan, which makes people feel as if they were there. This comic book doesn't
It is not only a beautiful work of art, but also a rare object to study the experience of planting mulberry and sericulture in ancient Guangyuan area. Located in the "China Silk Museum" in Hangzhou, rubbings are collected here as precious materials, which are related to Agricultural University.
Xueji also cited this as a teaching material, which shows its value.
Modern Cultural Relics —— Red Army Stone Carving Slogan Forest of Steles
Here is the Red Army stone inscription stele forest, 1980 the provincial key cultural relics protection unit announced by the Sichuan provincial government. 198 1 year, the former commander-in-chief of the Red Fourth Front Army, Marshal Xu, wrote the inscription "Stone Carving Slogan of the Red Army". stone tablet
The appearance of the forest building is an ancient building, facing east from west. Covering an area of more than three acres and a building area of 400 square meters, the museum displays 43 original plates of 58 stone carvings and a water tank engraved with slogans in an orderly manner.
1933- 1935 There are 45 important rubbings and 46 slogans about the struggle of the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army to establish the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base and the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area.
The whole hall is lined with the ground paved with bluestone slabs, which looks solemn. The forest of steles is rich in content, grand in scale and complete in protection, which is the best in Sichuan. Propaganda of stone slogans is the foundation of Sichuan-Shaanxi revolution.
According to the remarkable characteristics of the land, this is a distinctive form of publicity. These stone slogans, like other documents in the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area, have great historical value, and are also the basis for people to study the modern history of China and carry out revolutionary traditional teaching today.
Vivid classroom of education.