Practice teaching plays an important role in improving the quality of education and teaching, and cultivating students' practical ability and innovative spirit. This paper analyzes the necessity of developing practical education, puts forward the implementation forms of practical education, and expounds the operation mechanism of practical education.
Practical education refers to the exploratory activity of applying the basic elements of practice to education and teaching, which is carried out around specific educational and teaching purposes, and is experienced by students themselves and applied by learning. It includes not only necessary verification activities such as scientific experiments and production practices to master technical knowledge, but also research, exploration, design and comprehensive practice to solve practical problems in production and society and improve innovation ability, as well as social practice aimed at understanding society and national conditions and improving comprehensive quality.
First, the necessity of carrying out practical education
1. Strengthening practical education is the premise of improving college students' practical ability.
The most important factor affecting the success of today's college students is practical factors, including his practical ability and development. Many graduates need a long time to work independently after they join the work. One of the most important reasons is that they have not experienced enough practical training in the undergraduate training stage, so they lack the ability to operate and work independently.
2. Strengthening practical education is the inevitable requirement of college students' socialization.
If young college students lack an understanding of the national conditions, it is difficult for them to correctly understand the major principles and policies of the party and the country, and it is also difficult to accurately judge the opportunities and challenges they face. Only through personal practice, strengthen the knowledge and understanding of the national conditions, discover and temper themselves in practice, and improve their moral awareness and ideological quality can we deepen our understanding and sense of responsibility for society.
3. Strengthening practical education is an effective way to cultivate students' innovative talents.
The focus of practical education is to cultivate students' ability to understand, analyze and solve problems by using what they have learned; The ability to discover, invent and create; And students' independent thinking ability, scientific research ability and innovation ability. Therefore, only by strengthening practical teaching can we really cultivate innovative talents.
Second, the implementation form of practical education
Due to the different characteristics of disciplines, the diversity of practical education forms is determined.
1. Classroom practice
According to the characteristics of different disciplines, we should explore and develop new practical teaching methods, such as case teaching, project teaching and task teaching, which are suitable for this discipline. We should pay attention to the cultivation of students' classroom practical ability, so that students can actively find problems in the learning process and use what they have learned to solve problems, so that the process of classroom learning is no longer limited to acquiring knowledge, but a process of comprehensively developing comprehensive quality and ability.
Step 2 try teaching
Including course experiment, course design, comprehensive practice, graduation design and other practical links. In all kinds of course experiments, besides the necessary confirmatory experiments, exploratory, comprehensive and designed experiments should be added to cultivate students' comprehensive and innovative abilities; Broaden the design content, do real questions, cultivate students' sense of responsibility, improve students' subjective initiative and independent thinking ability; Combining comprehensive practice with production practice can increase students' direct experience and cultivate students' engineering consciousness and ability to analyze and solve practical problems.
3. Scientific research practice
Strengthen the implementation of undergraduate research training (SRT) plan and extracurricular research practice training (SERP) plan to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability; Organize students to participate in scientific and technological innovation projects such as mathematical modeling competition and electronic design competition, improve students' scientific research ability and stimulate college students' awareness of scientific and technological innovation.
4. Social practice
Let college students build and implement Scientific Outlook on Development around the three local civilizations, publicize and carry forward the scientific spirit, enhance their sense of responsibility and mission in building the motherland, actively carry out social surveys and write investigation reports. Through community assistance, public service, legal publicity, voluntary counseling and other forms of extracurricular practical activities, students are guided to improve their own quality and develop in an all-round way in practice.
5. Production practice
Emphasize the combination of on-campus learning with off-campus practice and Industry-University-Research, and organize students' scientific and technological activity groups to participate in scientific research projects from enterprises or teachers' teaching and research. Cultivate students' innovative thinking, and improve students' innovative ability and practical ability through the process of questioning, thinking and exploring hard.
Thirdly, the operational mechanism of practical education.
1. Practical education should always run through the whole process of talent training.
The concept of practical education should be implemented in the training plan, and the requirements of practical education should be clear in all aspects of the teaching plan. Practical education is not a specific link to complete the university teaching plan, but an indispensable part in the process of comprehensively cultivating talents. It is necessary to form a complete practical education system, ensure the continuity of practical education in the whole process of talent training, and make it an effective way to promote the coordinated development of knowledge, ability and quality.
2. Practical education needs to echo theoretical teaching.
Practice teaching can not be completely independent of theoretical teaching, but needs to echo and complement each other with theoretical teaching. Therefore, we must attach great importance to students' learning of basic theories, basic knowledge and basic skills, and at the same time, we must fully infiltrate practical learning into education and teaching, and encourage students to improve their ability to master and use knowledge and give full play to their creative talents in practical education as a new breakthrough in further deepening education and teaching reform.
3. Strengthening practical education requires raising awareness.
In the process of promoting practical education, we should improve our understanding of practical education. Subjectively, we should prevent the tendency of "emphasizing theory over practice, emphasizing classroom over extracurricular activities"; Objectively speaking, it is necessary to prevent many internship links from being confined to the school because of the difficulty and high cost of the off-campus internship, or the off-campus internship is "a cursory look"; In the process of implementation, it is necessary to prevent the phenomenon that students' active participation is not enough and some teachers' guidance is not effective.
4. The construction of teaching staff is the key to the implementation of practical education.
How to build an excellent team of teachers and how to improve teachers' understanding and level of practical education is the biggest problem facing practical education at present. We should adopt the methods of "please come in" and "go out"
Solutions to the construction of teaching staff. "Please come in" is to introduce outstanding talents with master's degree in engineering and rich practical experience, and let young teachers grow up as soon as possible through their words and deeds. "Going out" means to let young teachers go deep into the front line of production in combination with research topics, or send them to the front line of major projects for temporary training.
5. Strengthening the construction of practice base is the guarantee of implementing practice education.
To carry out practical education, it is necessary to build a high-level and stable practice base inside and outside the school and continuously improve the quality of the practice base. At the same time, we should use the "social laboratory" to put students in the real social environment, especially in factories and enterprises, so that they can experience and learn in the real production line and increase their talents. Practice education is an important way to effectively improve the quality of education and teaching and cultivate students' practical ability and innovative spirit. This paper analyzes the necessity of carrying out practical education, puts forward the implementation form of practical education, and expounds the operation mechanism of practical education.
Keywords: college; Practical education; gear train
Practical education refers to the activities of using the basic elements of education and teaching to carry out education and teaching around specific purposes, so that students can experience it personally and explore the application of knowledge practically. It includes mastering technical knowledge, conducting scientific experiments, production practice and necessary verification activities, as well as solving practical problems in production and society, improving innovation ability, conducting exploratory research, design and comprehensive practice, and also including social practice aimed at understanding society and national conditions and improving comprehensive quality.
First, the necessity of carrying out practical education
1. Strengthening practical education is the premise of improving college students' practical ability.
Among the factors that affect the success of today's college students, the most important one is the practical factor, including his practical ability and development. Many graduates who take part in the work need a long time to work independently. One of the main reasons is that they have not experienced sufficient training in the practical training at the undergraduate stage, so they lack the ability to operate and work independently.
2. Strengthening practical education is the inevitable requirement of college students' socialization.
If young college students lack understanding of the national conditions, it is difficult to correctly understand the major principles and policies of the party and the country, and it is also difficult to accurately judge the opportunities and challenges they face. Only through personal practice, enhance the understanding and understanding of conditions, find yourself in practice, temper and strengthen your moral consciousness and ideological quality, can we deepen our understanding of society and social responsibility.
3. Strengthening practical education is an effective way to cultivate students' innovative talents.
The focus of practical education is to cultivate students' ability to understand, analyze and solve problems by using what they have learned; Some abilities of discovery, invention and creation; Cultivate students' independent thinking, scientific research ability and innovation ability. Therefore, only by strengthening practical teaching can we really cultivate innovative talents.
Second, the implementation form of practical education
Because of the characteristics of different disciplines, the diversity of practical education forms is determined.
1. Classroom practice
According to the characteristics of different disciplines, we should explore case teaching, project teaching and practical teaching methods aiming at the new task of discipline teaching, and pay attention to the cultivation of students' classroom practical ability, so that students can actively find problems in the learning process and apply what they have learned to solve problems, so that the learning process is no longer limited to the acquisition of classroom knowledge, but transformed into the all-round development of comprehensive quality and ability.
Step 2 try teaching
Including course examination, course design, comprehensive practice, graduation practice and design. In the tests of various courses, in addition to the necessary tests needed to verify things, exploratory, comprehensive and designed experiments should be added to cultivate students' comprehensive and innovative abilities; Broaden the design content, truly cultivate students' sense of responsibility, improve students' initiative in creation and passive ability of independent thinking; Combining comprehensive practice with production practice can increase students' direct experience and cultivate their engineering consciousness and ability to analyze and solve practical problems.
3. Scientific research practice
Strengthen the implementation of research and training (SRT) plan and extracurricular practical research (SERP) plan for college students, and cultivate their innovative spirit and practical ability; Organize students to participate in scientific and technological innovation projects such as mathematical modeling competition and electronic design competition, improve students' scientific research ability and inspire students' scientific and technological innovation.
4. Social practice
Students in local colleges and universities build and implement Scientific Outlook on Development around the Three Civilizations, advocate and carry forward the scientific spirit, enhance their sense of responsibility and mission in building the motherland, actively carry out social investigations and write investigation reports. Through community assistance, public service, legal publicity, voluntary counseling and other forms to carry out various extracurricular practical activities, and guide students to improve their own quality and develop in an all-round way in practice.
5. Production practice
Emphasize the combination of school study and school practice, and Industry-University-Research, and organize students to participate in teaching and research projects of enterprises or teachers. Cultivate students' divergent thinking through the process of asking questions, thinking and exploring with great concentration, and improve their innovative ability and practical ability.
Third, the practice of educational operation mechanism.