Rich historical knowledge can teach people to discuss the present from the past and learn the present from the past; It can improve people's ability to observe, think, analyze and judge the surrounding things and the whole society. The reason why revolutionary instructors can reveal the law of social development and judge the strategic decision of revolutionary struggle depends on their understanding and grasp of history and present situation. For example, Comrade Deng Xiaoping used Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought to incisively analyze China's national conditions, summed up the positive and negative experiences of socialism in the decades since the founding of the People's Republic of China, deeply reflected on it, based on the national conditions, and found a road to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the bold practice of reform and opening up, which made China's land economy soar, enhanced its comprehensive national strength, and became the chief architect of China's reform, opening up and socialist modernization.
Learning history should not only understand the historical process, but also pay attention to the analysis of the background, cause and effect of historical events and phenomena. Through the analysis of historical events and phenomena, we can understand the essential relationship of historical development and reach the realm of "studying the relationship between man and nature and understanding the changes of ancient and modern times", thus achieving wisdom and rationality. Throughout history, great politicians at home and abroad have profound historical knowledge as the basis and reference for decision-making. History is full of thinking wisdom, and people have accumulated rich and profound historical knowledge and grasped historical laws in the process of learning history. When reviewing and summarizing one's own activities, especially in political activities, the spark of ideological collision and dialectical wisdom of thinking will be opened and strengthened, and the rigor of thinking logic, the flexibility of dialectical thinking and the divergence of independent thinking will be exercised, thus becoming a person who is good at observing and analyzing problems by using the basic viewpoints of dialectical materialism and historical materialism.
(2) Cultivate sentiment and improve students' moral quality.
People's quality is the product of history and has a great influence on reality. Every nation has its own national quality, embodies its own national spirit and cultural tradition, and constantly "sublates" in the process of social and historical development, constantly improves and perfects in the blending of ancient and modern times, and becomes an important part of human spiritual civilization. This precious spiritual wealth should be inherited and carried forward. Human traditional virtue is the foundation of modern morality and the ideological material for building a new moral system, and its connotation can give modern meaning and inject new vitality.
Young students are the future of the motherland and the pillars of society, shouldering the historical responsibility of building socialist modernization. History textbooks for primary and secondary schools contain a large number of good materials suitable for ideological and moral quality education for students. In the process of studying history, young students can be influenced and edified by historical facts and traditional virtues of ancient and modern figures. Just take the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation as an example: Dayu, Qu Yuan, Fan Zhongyan, Lu You, Lin Zexu and Sun Yat-sen, who are concerned about the country and the people and are responsible for the world; Wen Tianxiang, Deng Shichang, Tan Sitong, Yang Jingyu and Liu Hulan, who are loyal to their beliefs and sacrifice their lives for righteousness; Young and promising Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai; Sun Bin, Gou Jian and Sima Qian, who constantly strive for self-improvement in adversity; Zhang Qian, Jian Zhen, Chen Duxiu, and Li Dazhao, who have broad horizons and broad minds; Ouyang Xiu, Du Fu and Su Shi, who are diligent and eager to become talents; Zhuge Liang, Yu Qian, Xu Teli and other figures who advocate diligence and honesty also have many historical figures and allusions who are sincere-oriented, self-disciplined and selfless. In short, many excellent historical figures and their moral images introduced in history textbooks for primary and secondary schools can enable students to gain a lot of healthy, noble and beautiful emotional experiences, make clear the difference between truth, goodness and beauty and false ugliness in a subtle way, establish a correct outlook on life, values and world outlook, and aspire to be a person with lofty ideals, sincere service to the country and noble quality.
(3) Shaping the soul and strengthening patriotism.
Lenin said: "Patriotism is the deepest affection for our country that has been consolidated for thousands of years". Cultivating patriotism is one of the basic requirements of history teaching. People in any country regard patriotism as a great and lofty traditional virtue. Love and loyalty to the motherland are the basic qualities that every citizen should and must possess. Qiu Jin, an outstanding female revolutionary in China's modern history, said, "One cannot live without patriotism. If you don't know your own literature and history, you can't live patriotism. " It can be seen that to love the motherland, we must understand and know the motherland. History is the most vivid material to cultivate patriotism. Countless patriotic heroes have emerged in the political, economic, military and cultural fields, leaving countless patriotic stories that make people cry.
In the history of China for thousands of years, many people with lofty ideals have safeguarded the honor of the motherland and the dignity of the nation with their words and deeds of truth, goodness and beauty. Their patriotism, national integrity and value orientation set a brilliant example for future generations. Su Wu drank snow and swallowed blankets, Yue Fei served the country faithfully, Wen Tianxiang retained Dan Xin, Qi Jiguang expelled the enemy, Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province, Lin Zexu put out opium in Humen, Guan Tianpei spilled blood, Deng Shichang was martyred in the same boat, Sun Yat-sen overthrew the imperial system, Zhang Zizhong joined the war of resistance, and Liu Hulan died generously ... The images of these outstanding figures can not only set concrete examples for students who are determined to serve the country, but also enable them to receive revolutionary traditional education and cultivate patriotism.
(D) Cultivate aesthetic feeling and improve students' aesthetic taste.
Beauty is a spiritual experience and an educational way to promote students' all-round development. The outstanding features of aesthetic education are image and emotion. It connects the image with the subject through emotional activities and runs through the whole process. Educated people can stimulate emotional activities and have a pleasant emotional experience through their intuitive feelings about the specific images of feelings, from which they can be influenced and edified to achieve the purpose of education. History has its unique advantages, and there are a lot of aesthetic materials of natural beauty, social beauty and artistic beauty in primary and secondary school history textbooks.
The living environment, cultural sites, fossils, rock paintings, pottery patterns and portraits of historical figures described in history textbooks, as well as poems, words and famous sentences praising human natural scenery, can stimulate students' love for the motherland and cultivate their sincere feelings of loving the motherland. The artistic beauty in history textbooks is everywhere. The majestic Great Wall of Wan Li, Zhao Zhouqiao with a bright moon in the sky, camel figurines dancing in three colors in the Tang Dynasty, all kinds of stone lions on the railings of Lugou Bridge, the magnificent lineup of Qin Terracotta Warriors, the breathtaking Yungang, Longmen and Mogao Grottoes, the bells of the Warring States, the jade clothes in the Han Dynasty, the baby pillows in the Northern Song Dynasty, the pyramids in Egypt, the amphitheater in Greece and the Acropolis in Athens, Italy? Finch's Mona Lisa ... These aesthetic appreciation and inspiration can help students gain aesthetic feeling and cultivate their correct aesthetic concepts and interests.
Social beauty is the beauty expressed by social things and social phenomena, including the beauty of human inner world and the beauty of external behavior. History is a social science that studies the emergence, development process and laws of human society. The social beauty of history discipline is often centered on historical figures and expressed through their words and deeds. For example, the beauty of labor, the heroic beauty and heroic beauty of the leaders of slave uprising and peasant uprising, the tragic beauty and lofty beauty of countless revolutionary martyrs, the lofty beauty of patriots, the wisdom beauty of thinkers, the creative beauty and enterprising beauty of scientists, their brilliant thoughts, spiritual demeanor and character and sentiment have influenced people's psychological activities.
In a word, the characteristics of history determine its positive role in education, which plays an irreplaceable role in enriching students' knowledge, broadening their horizons, promoting their physical and mental health, cultivating their thinking quality, moral quality, aesthetic taste and inspiring patriotic feelings. Only by grasping the characteristics of the subject, digging deeply and organizing teaching carefully can teachers make the history subject make great achievements in promoting the all-round development of students.