The development of calligraphy in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties can be said to be a peak period in the history of calligraphy, which is different from any ancient period. Not only has calligraphy developed rapidly, but literature has also advanced by leaps and bounds. Famous calligraphers in this period, such as Zhang Zhi, Cui Yuan, Zhong You, Mrs. Wei, Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, made great artistic contributions to the great development of ancient calligraphy. The works they have preserved so far, whether they are inscriptions or pen and ink descriptions, have provided a strong cultural guarantee for future generations to learn Wei and Jin calligraphy and the innovation of calligraphy style. It is also an important material for later calligraphers to learn calligraphy. Especially in the Tang Dynasty, many calligraphers used the calligraphy style and brushwork of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties for reference, thus achieving another prosperous period of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty.
Of course, the great development period of calligraphy in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties also had its specific historical environment factors. With the continuous progress of society and history, calligraphy has made some progress in writing tools and practicality, such as the improvement of writing medium, that is, paper, which directly promoted the benign development of calligraphy.
During the Jin Dynasty, the society was in turmoil, but the literati pursued quietness and leisure. Many literati choose to live in seclusion in the mountains and rivers in order to avoid political persecution and war, and Wang is one of them. The calligraphy styles of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi represented a popular style in the mainstream society at that time, and the world-famous Preface to Lanting was produced under the social background at that time. Preface to Lanting is also an important calligraphy manuscript that has an important influence on the development of calligraphy in later generations, and also has an important influence on many calligraphy masters and modern calligraphy lovers in later generations.
Characteristics of calligraphy in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
During the Jin Dynasty, there were great innovations and developments in the techniques and artistic forms of running script, including "Yuan Bo Post", "Fast Snow Clear Time Post" and "Mid-Autumn Post". These works were the representative works of Wei and Jin dynasties. Moreover, the calligraphers in this period made the types of running scripts in this period appear colorful at that time, which not only enriched the types of calligraphy, but also promoted the formation of Wei and Jin demeanor. For example, the calligraphy of the emperors of the Three Kingdoms and the Five Dynasties, the simple and elegant atmosphere, the beauty of Mrs. Wei, the beauty of Wang Xizhi and the handsome of Wang Xianzhi all enriched the artistic expression of calligraphy in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Therefore, diversified artistic expressions and open artistic thinking are a major feature of calligraphy in the Jin Dynasty.
Entering the Southern and Northern Dynasties, China's calligraphy entered a new era of "Beibei Nantie". This era is also an important era in the history of calligraphy. The existence of this era also indirectly affected the development of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty, and the influence on the development of calligraphy in later generations is self-evident.
The northern Wei Dynasty and the eastern Wei Dynasty are the most famous inscriptions in the Northern Dynasties. The styles are also colorful. His masterpiece is Zhang Menglong Monument. Weibei has a vital influence on the development of regular script. These important inscriptions can be roughly divided into the following categories according to their artistic characteristics:
First, the structure is mainly square. Starting, closing and turning are also the main technologies. Give people a sense of momentum. For example, the stone carving of Longmen.
Second, it is famous for its round pen, and its brushwork and turning point all show a rounded feeling. Such as Shimen inscription.
Third, the variety is rich, and the pen is slightly round and square, giving people more beauty of change and layering, and it tends to be more formal in artistic form. Give people more space to daydream. For example, Zhang Menglong Monument.
Calligraphy in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is also an era connecting the preceding with the following. A large number of Weibei is also a reference for the development of calligraphy in Sui Dynasty, which laid a good foundation for regular script. Wei Bei made a very important contribution to the development of regular script. For example, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Ti, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun in the Tang Dynasty were all influenced by Wei Bei's calligraphy.
Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is the peak of China's rich and varied calligraphy forms and strokes, which is also related to its social background at that time. This period is a period of great ideological emancipation in China's history. Social unrest makes the rulers have no time to care about imprisoning the literati's thoughts, which makes the literati's thoughts get unprecedented freedom. These free spirits are embodied in calligraphy and literary works. And it has been developed.
The position of Wei and Jin calligraphy style in the whole history of calligraphy
I think the position of Wei and Jin calligraphy styles in the whole history of calligraphy is self-evident. Anyone who studies calligraphy knows that books that do not enter the Wei and Jin Dynasties will eventually become vulgar. In this sentence, we know that the position of calligraphy style in Wei and Jin Dynasties in the history of calligraphy is irreplaceable. In the primary stage of learning calligraphy, it is unwise to establish an idea of taking the method from the top and not to waste time looking for inspiration from calligraphers' works in a certain dynasty after the Tang Dynasty. You have a high starting point, but you have no talent, so your study results will be satisfactory and you will not accomplish nothing. If the starting point is very low, even if you become a master of calligraphy, you will have to go through a long way from bottom to top, and you may not reach the top.
Therefore, paying attention to the study of calligraphy in Wei and Jin dynasties is the problem that calligraphy learners should pay attention to, rather than learning what calligraphers are neat and beautiful, which is too vulgar.