Time: Song Renzong Fourth Anniversary Celebration (1044)? Moderator: Fan Zhongyan

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Song Dynasty, the peasants revolted frequently and were threatened by the armed forces of Liao, Xixia, Jin and other ethnic minorities, and the internal and external contradictions were extremely sharp. Deeply aware of the importance of maintaining feudal rule in Song Dynasty, Song Renzong used Fan Zhongyan. After taking part in politics, he boldly put forward various reform suggestions and the New Deal program. Educational reform is called celebrating the calendar and promoting learning.

After more than a year of the implementation of the Qingli New Deal, it failed under the strong opposition of the old bureaucratic establishment, and the promotion of learning also died. But after all, it contributed to the rise of school education in the Song Dynasty, and some reform measures also had a great impact on later generations. ?

Content:

1, so that the state and county schools, the provisions of the imperial examination scholars must study in the school for 300 days, can be allowed to participate. This measure aims to prevent the school from becoming a mere formality and becoming a place to train candidates, thus ensuring the normal teaching order of the school.

2. Reform the content of the imperial examination, ignoring classics and Mohism, and emphasizing strategy and Confucian classics.

3. Revitalize imperial academy, introduce Hu Yuan's "Su Hu Teaching Method" into imperial academy, and establish a compulsory and elective system for subject teaching and subjects, which reflected the criticism of education at that time.

Second, Xi Ning Xing Xue:

Time: Song Shenzong Xining Year 2 (1089) Moderator: Wang Anshi.

In the second year of Xining, Wang Anshi participated in politics. The following year, Wang Anshi worshipped Tong Zhongshu, presided over the political reform with the support of Zong Shen, and implemented a series of new laws. "Promoting learning in Xining" is an important content of the new law. It pushed the education in the Northern Song Dynasty forward a big step, and had a far-reaching impact on the later development of movable property.

Content:

1. Reform imperial academy and establish "three laws".

2. Expand and rectify local official schools. First, set up academic officers to be fully responsible for the management of local education, and local governments are not allowed to interfere in school affairs at will. The imperial court also allocated land for local schools, which provided a guarantee for maintaining the material conditions of state and county schools.

3. Restore and establish specialized schools in martial arts, law and medicine. , so as to cultivate talents with special skills.

4. Compilation of Three Classics and New Meanings is a unified teaching material. In order to unify the study of Confucian classics, Xining set up the Bureau of Confucian Classics in six years, and Wang Anshi personally compiled three books on Confucian Classics: Poetry, Book and Zhou Li. Officially promulgated by the imperial court, it has become the standard textbook on which official examinations and lectures are based.

Third, worship Ning Xing Xue:

Time: the first year of Song Huizong Chongning (1 102)? Moderator: Cai Jing.

After Wang Anshi's resignation and Song Shenzong's death, the old and new factions of the imperial court started a tug-of-war, and their policies were changeable. After he ascended the throne to Song Huizong, he played the banner of inheriting the regime of the first emperor (Zongshen). In the first year of Chongning (1 102), Cai Jing, the right servant and assistant minister of Shangshu, invited Gong to study, and the court issued a series of imperial edicts, namely Chongning to study.

Content:

1, schools are generally set up in counties. Primary schools also have county schools, and local schools also implement the "Three She" law. County students can be promoted to state schools, and state students can pay tribute to Imperial College. So far, a school network has been formed in all parts of the country, which far exceeds any previous one in terms of quantity, scale and distribution.

2. Expand Imperial College. In the first year of Chongning (1 102), a school except imperial academy was built in the southern suburbs of Beijing, named Biyong. Imperial College specializes in giving up students at home, and foreign research specializes in giving up students at home. When they arrived at Gong's, they also went to other schools. After passing the exam, I was added to the upper inner court, so that I can officially enter imperial academy.

3. replace the imperial examination with learning. In the third year of Chongning (1 104), imperial examinations were called, and all Jinshi were promoted by the school. At every age, they give up their lives, as if they were trying the law. The following year, I gave 35 students the imperial examination, which went hand in hand with the selection. In the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), the old imperial examination system was restored, but imperial academy still kept the custom of worshipping Ning.

4. Establish specialized schools. Chongning for three years (1 104), specialized schools such as calligraphy, painting and arithmetic were set up, and the imperial academy three-shed method was adopted to select candidates. Chongning Painting School is the only specialized art school in ancient China.

Extended data:

Common ground of the first and third promotion.

1 and the purpose of promoting learning three times is to revitalize official schools, reform imperial examinations, and train and select talents with real talents and practical learning that can benefit the country and the people.

2. Pay attention to rectifying school education and reforming the imperial examination, so as to overcome the bad influence of the imperial examination system on school education and put school education and imperial examination selection on the track of benign development.

3. To rectify school education, we should strive to improve the status of the school and the quality of education and teaching, especially pay attention to imperial academy's reform and suggestions, so as to play an exemplary role in national education.

4. In the aspect of reforming the imperial examination, it is emphasized that the imperial examination system can make scholars with real talents and practical learning stand out, which can test both the knowledge level and the ability level, not only the ability but also the moral character; Emphasize the organic connection between scientific material selection and school education, and make it play a positive guiding role in school education.

What is the significance of three-time promotion learning?

"1" and "three times" have promoted the development of school education system to varying degrees. It can be said that the school education system in the Northern Song Dynasty was established in the process of thrice promoting learning. Therefore, the three movements to promote learning in the Northern Song Dynasty have a relatively important historical position in the history of China's educational development.

2. The three school-promoting movements paid more attention to the construction of local schools, the way out for children of ordinary people and the appointment of talents. This is not only to crack down on aristocratic corruption, but also to expand and develop education in an attempt to serve political reform with educational reform.

3. The main value of the three major learning promotion movements lies in easing the contradiction between cultivating talents and selecting talents. It is proved that the status of promoting learning and cultivating talents is higher than that of the imperial examination (the disadvantages of the examination at that time were also the reasons).

Baidu Encyclopedia-Celebrating Learning in Song Dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia -Xi Ningxingxue

Baidu Encyclopedia-Chong Ning Xing Xue