Some foreign scholars have pointed out that the individual's entrepreneurial decision is determined by two parts of the background: one is entrepreneurial awareness, and the other is entrepreneurial potential. The following is a survey report on college students' entrepreneurial willingness. Welcome to read!
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Investigation report on college students' willingness to start their own businesses The theory of socialist essence reveals that the fundamental task of socialism is to liberate and develop productive forces. In order to vigorously develop science and technology, China has implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country through talents. This survey mainly focuses on strengthening the country with talents. College students, as contemporary talents, investigate the performance of college students' entrepreneurial will and give suggestions. In order to preliminarily understand the present situation of college students' employment intention and the factors that affect their entrepreneurial intention, especially the doubts and problems they face in starting their own businesses, and then put forward some suggestions to enhance their entrepreneurial intention, so that more college students can understand and participate in their own businesses.
First, the survey object and method
(a) the object of investigation
Questionnaires were randomly distributed on campus to investigate the entrepreneurial willingness of college students in our school.
(2) survey methods
This survey is based on written questionnaires and online questionnaires. Through random investigation, random questionnaires are distributed mainly on the street, supplemented by online questionnaires. Among them, 55 valid questionnaires were obtained, and a certain number of authentic and reliable original data were collected objectively.
Second, the survey results and analysis
(1) survey results
In this survey, 55 questionnaires were sent out and 55 questionnaires were recovered, of which 5 were valid, the recovery rate was 100%, and the questionnaire capacity was 55.
The statistical results show that 88.68% of college students are interested in starting their own businesses, and most of them are freshmen, accounting for 40.00% of the total. Generally speaking, most students are sophomores, accounting for 3 1.25% of the total, followed by seniors. Only 1 1.32% college students show little or no interest in starting their own businesses. Among the college students interviewed, 92.45% are in favor of college students' self-employment, and 58.49% think that college students' self-employment is one of the ways to realize their ideals. Of course, there are still 7.54% college students who disapprove of self-employment, and 3.77% college students think that college students should focus on learning. According to the survey, most college students (64. 15%) will still participate in the activities related to entrepreneurship (such as entrepreneurship lectures and training) organized by the school, of which 7.55% will participate in most activities, and 5.85% will never participate in the activities related to entrepreneurship (such as entrepreneurship lectures and training) organized by the school.
(2) Analysis of investigation problems
1. College students are not willing to start their own businesses, which greatly restricts their self-employment behavior.
As a cognitive system, ideology is closely related to individual behavior, is the ideological premise of action, and determines individual behavior to some extent. As an ideology, college students' entrepreneurial will determines their independent entrepreneurial behavior. Therefore, having a clear and strong entrepreneurial intention will also affect their entrepreneurial success to a certain extent. At present, most college students are not very clear about their entrepreneurial intentions even if they are interested in and in favor of their own entrepreneurship, which restricts their entrepreneurial behavior to some extent.
Among the respondents, 7 1.70% think that the most important thing for college students to start a business is their strong personal values and aspirations. However, in the survey of entrepreneurial interest, only 28.30% of the respondents are very interested in starting their own businesses, and more than half of the respondents (60.38%) are not willing to start their own businesses, which will greatly restrict their entrepreneurial behavior.
2. At this stage, the school has begun to pay attention to entrepreneurship training and create an entrepreneurial atmosphere, but the entrepreneurial atmosphere of the school is still not strong enough.
With the increase of college students' self-employment behavior in recent years and the encouragement and support of the state, schools have begun to pay more and more attention to college students' self-employment and shape the entrepreneurial atmosphere in schools. The influence of culture on people is subtle. As a kind of culture, entrepreneurial atmosphere has a subtle influence on college students, and has a positive impact on their creative consciousness and entrepreneurial behavior. Therefore, the entrepreneurial atmosphere in colleges and universities is also an important factor affecting college students' entrepreneurial will.
In the survey, it is generally believed that (75.47%) our school has a certain entrepreneurial atmosphere, but it is not strong enough. Therefore, our school needs to further strengthen the shaping of entrepreneurial atmosphere in our school, which will have a positive impact on the formation of college students' entrepreneurial will and entrepreneurial behavior.
3. The implementation of the national entrepreneurship encouragement policy is not perfect, and it still needs to be further implemented and improved.
Postgraduates' entrepreneurship will naturally face the environmental changes and identity changes of the school and society. Among them, the problems of specialization and capital are common problems encountered by college students when they start their own businesses, and the state's encouragement policies have played a certain role in them. In recent years, with the country's increasing emphasis on entrepreneurship, the policies to encourage college students to start businesses are becoming more and more abundant and perfect. However, there are still some shortcomings in the investigation.
Among the respondents, the lack of funds is still the biggest obstacle for most people (83.02%) in the process of starting a business. In the survey of what college students need most to start a business, most students think that they need the support of college students' science and technology venture fund (64. 15%) and socialized and professional management and service (66.04%). These problems are reflected in the national policy to encourage college students to start their own businesses, but they are still the main problems for college students to start their own businesses. While colleges and universities create a good entrepreneurial atmosphere for college students, the state should also improve its policies and further improve its implementation.
Third, the solution
(A) to strengthen the curriculum construction of entrepreneurship education and build a new system of entrepreneurship education
According to statistics, the success rate of college students' self-employment in China is only 5-8%. The main reason is that college students lack knowledge and experience, and their economic strength, mentality and experience are obviously insufficient. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship education is an education to improve the basic quality of college students' entrepreneurship and cultivate their entrepreneurial personality and spirit. Can entrepreneurship education effectively change entrepreneurship? Cramming at the last minute? Eliminating the impetuous, blind, fragile and hasty phenomena in college students' entrepreneurship is of great significance to enhance their entrepreneurial awareness and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship. However, at present, there are not many colleges and universities that carry out entrepreneurship education in China, and the implementation subject and curriculum of entrepreneurship education are chaotic, which can not meet the requirements of college students' entrepreneurship. Therefore, while strengthening college students' entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurship education should be brought into the higher education system as soon as possible. Of course, the improvement of the basic quality of college students' entrepreneurship is not achieved overnight. While strengthening college students' entrepreneurship education, we should learn from the advanced experience of entrepreneurship education in developed countries, set up courses to cultivate students' innovative consciousness in primary and secondary schools, and build a comprehensive and scientific new system of entrepreneurship education for students covering universities, middle schools and primary schools.
(B) Optimize the entrepreneurship promotion policy and build a new model of entrepreneurship promotion policy
First, colleges and universities. Colleges and universities are important educational bases for the formation of college students' knowledge and ability structure. Colleges and universities should not only attach great importance to the cultivation of college students' entrepreneurial spirit and ability, but also create a good entrepreneurial atmosphere for college students and provide institutional convenience for their entrepreneurship. Therefore, in terms of student management, colleges and universities should implement flexible credit system and complete credit system, allow students with real entrepreneurial ability to drop out of school and start businesses, and allow students to postpone graduation or graduate ahead of schedule after completing credits, so as to seize entrepreneurial opportunities in time. In this regard, Tsinghua University is at the forefront of the national universities, and they have launched? Drop out of school and start a business? Allow some students who are particularly interested in a project to keep their school status and go out to start a business. Such measures can help college students effectively deal with the contradiction between entrepreneurship and their studies, so that college students can start their own businesses without worries in their studies. In terms of entrepreneurial atmosphere, colleges and universities should carry out various forms of entrepreneurial education according to their own conditions, including short-term training, lectures, forums, salons, entrepreneurial competitions and so on. Give credits or other forms of encouragement to students who take entrepreneurship courses; Encourage college students to give full play to their specialties, encourage innovation, set up advanced models of college students' entrepreneurship, and strive to create a positive entrepreneurial culture and atmosphere.
Second, the government. What college students who start their own businesses lack is the corresponding knowledge and management experience. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the guidance of college students' entrepreneurship and provide them with? A dragon? Service should be the focus of our entrepreneurial policy. Therefore, local governments can learn from SBA's practice, organize and set up an entrepreneurial expert advisory group, and provide consulting services for college students' entrepreneurial teams lacking entrepreneurial experience, mainly providing them with financial, business planning, marketing, technology and financing assistance.
(3) Improve the venture financing policy and open up new channels for the venture financing policy.
College students' social relations are relatively simple, so it is difficult to get financial support from social financial investment institutions. Most of the original funds for their entrepreneurship come from relatives and friends, which brings a lot of pressure to college students' entrepreneurship. Therefore, strengthening financial support for college students' entrepreneurship is particularly critical to promoting college students' entrepreneurship. The current microfinance policy should be improved in the following three aspects: First, continue to increase support; The second is to simplify the examination and approval procedures as much as possible; The third is to strengthen the examination and approval of funds and the supervision of the whereabouts of funds to ensure that they play their due role. At the same time, local governments can learn from the successful experience of Shanghai's college students' venture fund policy and set up college students' venture fund. In addition, at present, China's venture capital market is still immature, and the participation of private capital in entrepreneurial activities is obviously insufficient. For most entrepreneurial enterprises, especially college entrepreneurs, it is difficult to get the favor of venture capital. Therefore, the government should formulate practical policies to promote private venture capital to participate in entrepreneurial activities (especially college students' entrepreneurial activities). For example, venture capitalists who invest in college students' entrepreneurial enterprises can give preferential policies in taxation and other aspects. In short, it is necessary to build a perfect financial support system for college students' entrepreneurship, including government financial support, college students' entrepreneurial seed fund support and the active participation of private venture capital.
Improve the entrepreneurial environment and create a social atmosphere suitable for entrepreneurship.
Some foreign scholars have pointed out that the individual's entrepreneurial decision is determined by two parts of the background: one is entrepreneurial awareness, and the other is entrepreneurial potential. The latter is tested by entrepreneurship education in higher education, while the former is influenced by national social and cultural environment and other factors. Social and cultural environment has an important influence on individual's entrepreneurial consciousness and motivation. To this end, we should further improve the hard environment for starting a business while strengthening the soft environment? The creation of social and cultural atmosphere creates a humanistic environment that respects entrepreneurship through education and news media, and makes all citizens realize that serving entrepreneurship is an important work to promote social development and economic growth.
Fourth, summary.
Generally speaking, the entrepreneurial intention of college students is still in a positive trend. With the dual attention of the state and universities, the conditions for college students to start businesses are getting better and better, and more and more graduate students choose to start businesses. However, we also see the shortcomings. In this regard, the state and universities should further improve the shortcomings, strive to create a good environment for college students to start businesses, and have a positive impact on the formation of college students' entrepreneurial will and entrepreneurial behavior.
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