Basic knowledge of health
1. Health is not only the absence of disease or weakness, but also a perfect state of physical, psychological and social adaptation.
Everyone has the responsibility to maintain the health of themselves and others, and a healthy lifestyle can maintain and promote their own health.
3. Environment and health are closely related. Protect the environment and promote health.
4. Donate blood for free and help others.
Everyone should care, help, and not discriminate against the sick and the disabled.
6. Have regular health check-ups.
7. Is the normal blood pressure of adults systolic? 90 mm Hg and
8. Vaccination is the most effective and economical measure to prevent some infectious diseases. Children should be vaccinated according to immunization procedures after birth.
9. Vaccination against influenza before the influenza epidemic season can reduce the chances of getting the flu or alleviate the symptoms after getting the flu.
10. AIDS, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are transmitted through blood, sexual contact and mother-to-child contact, but not through daily life and work contact.
1 1. Tuberculosis is mainly spread by droplets produced by patients coughing, sneezing and talking loudly. If you cough and expectorate for more than 2 weeks, or if there is blood in the sputum, you should check tuberculosis in time.
12. Adhere to standardized treatment, most tuberculosis patients can be cured, and drug-resistant tuberculosis can be effectively prevented.
13. In schistosomiasis endemic areas, contact with infected water should be avoided as much as possible; After contact with epidemic water, you should check or receive preventive treatment in time.
14. Domestic dogs and cats should be vaccinated with rabies vaccine for animals; After people are scratched or bitten by dogs and cats, they should immediately wash the wound and inject anti-rabies immunoglobulin (or serum) and rabies vaccine for human use as soon as possible.
15. Mosquitoes, flies, mice and cockroaches can spread diseases.
16. Report dead animals, and don't process and eat dead animals or wild animals.
17. Pay attention to the change of blood pressure, control the risk factors of hypertension, and patients with hypertension should learn self-health management.
18. Pay attention to the changes of blood sugar and control the risk factors of diabetes. Diabetic patients should strengthen self-health management.
19. Actively participate in cancer screening and find cancer and precancerous lesions as soon as possible.
20. Everyone may have depression and anxiety, and correctly understand depression and anxiety.
2 1. Care for the elderly, prevent falls, and identify Alzheimer's disease.
22. Choose safe and efficient contraceptive measures to reduce induced abortion and care for women's reproductive health.
23. Health food is not medicine, so choose health food correctly.
24. Laborers should be aware of the hazards existing in their jobs and working environment, abide by operating procedures, pay attention to personal protection and avoid occupational injuries.
25. Workers engaged in toxic and harmful work have the right to occupational protection.
Common health rumors
1. Children's milk drinks containing botulinum can cause leukemia.
Rumor: Both cold salads and milk drinks contain Botox, which leads to more and more children suffering from leukemia. Don't let children drink children's milk drinks any more.
Truth: The problem with this rumor is that, firstly, Botox is not a common pollutant in dairy products; Secondly, there are no cases of botulism caused by drinking milk drinks; Finally, the poisoning caused by Botox is mainly nervous system symptoms, such as blurred vision, language disorder, dyspnea and so on. If it continues to develop, it can die of respiratory failure caused by respiratory muscle paralysis. There is no evidence that Botox can cause leukemia.
Crayfish is a kind of worm that treats corpses.
Rumor: Crayfish is destroyed by genetically modified organisms, and crayfish all grow in sewage, with heavy metals exceeding the standard, and foreigners never eat them.
Truth: What is the real name of crayfish? Crawfish? Native to the southeastern United States, it was not introduced through genetic modification. Chen Shunsheng pointed out that crayfish has strong adaptability and can survive in a clean and sludge environment. In contrast, in clean water, crayfish can eat fresh food, have stronger reproductive ability and grow bigger. Moreover, the survey shows that the contents of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and mercury in crayfish currently on the market are almost not exceeding the standard.
3.WiFi radiation is harmful to health
Rumor: Danish middle school students have done an experiment: seeds placed in ordinary rooms can grow normally, while seeds placed in WiFi environment will turn brown, and some will even die.
Truth: Gao Yougang said that WiFi is actually a small LAN with a transmitter? The wireless router will generate electromagnetic radiation to the surrounding area. The working power of ordinary wireless routers is mostly between 30 and 500 MW, which is lower than that of ordinary mobile phones (about 125 MW ~2 W). The World Health Organization pointed out that there is no evidence that mobile phone radiation will have a negative impact. Generally speaking, a 20-minute telephone call absorbs more radiation than a wireless router that has been used for one year. It can be seen that WiFi radiation has little impact on health.
Vegetable oil cooking can cause cancer.
Rumor: Scientists say that cooking with vegetable oils such as corn oil or sunflower oil may cause many diseases, including cancer. Truth: Corn oil and sunflower oil do produce carcinogens when fried at high temperature, mainly because they are particularly rich in linoleic acid. Because this fatty acid is not heat-resistant, it is easy to oxidize and polymerize after frying or repeated heating, resulting in harmful substances. However, this does not mean that this oil should be driven out of the kitchen. Although it is not suitable for frying, it is suitable for stewing. It's ok to cook every day, just be sure to control the oil temperature and don't wait for the pot to smoke before adding ingredients.
5. Eating pig blood and duck blood can eliminate haze.
Rumor: Eating animal blood such as pig blood and duck blood helps to eliminate smog. This is because animal plasma protein is decomposed by gastric acid, which will produce a new substance, which can be used for intestinal disinfection. This substance can penetrate into the human body, react with dust and harmful metal particles, and finally be excreted from the digestive tract.
Truth: The impact of smog on the human body is mainly because some fine particles will directly enter the lungs and even enter the blood, causing lung and cardiovascular diseases. But food enters the digestive tract, so it is impossible to remove harmful substances directly from the lungs? Bring it out? . For example, the so-called pig blood detoxification, the reason is that iron intake is much, oxidized into black iron sulfide, so the stool is black, people mistakenly think it is? Toxins? Has been discharged from the hospital.
Pediatric health education knowledge
1, flu
Influenza, referred to as influenza, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. The incubation period is short, and it is the most contagious within 3 days of onset. The patient's respiratory secretions excrete viruses. The main source of infection of influenza is patients, mainly through droplets directly, but also indirectly through droplets polluting hands, utensils, clothes and toys.
Characteristics of influenza: acute onset, accompanied by high fever and obvious systemic symptoms, such as chills, headache, back pain, limb pain, general fatigue and so on. The symptoms of the posterior respiratory tract became more and more obvious, and the children also had symptoms of the digestive system such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal distension and vomiting. Severe cases may be complicated with pneumonia, toxic encephalopathy and myocarditis.
2, meningitis
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, referred to as epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, is an acute infectious disease caused by meningococcus. Mostly in winter and spring, men, women and children can get sick, most of them are children. In the season of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, we should pay attention to active prevention. Once patients with sudden high fever, headache, jet vomiting, convulsions and bleeding spots on skin and mucosa are found, they should pay attention to seeking medical treatment as soon as possible. Early fever, followed by headache, followed by vomiting, these three symptoms are called by the medical community? Meningococcal signal? . It is very dangerous if it is not treated in time. Therefore, attention should be paid to the protection of susceptible children, early detection and early isolation treatment.
? Encephalitis This is a purulent meningitis spread through the respiratory tract. ? Encephalitis General manifestations are sudden high fever, severe headache, frequent vomiting, listlessness, stiff neck and other symptoms. In severe cases, coma and convulsions may occur, which may be life-threatening if not rescued in time. In spring, due to the uncertainty of the weather, the incidence rate accounts for about 60% of the whole year, and children under 15 are high-risk groups.
According to the condition, encephalitis? It can be divided into ordinary type and fulminant type, and the latter is particularly worthy of attention. Fulminant meningitis has a sudden onset and rapid progress. Severe shock and respiratory failure often occur within 24 hours or even 6 hours, and the mortality rate is extremely high. So, in? Encephalitis In the high-incidence season, if the patient has symptoms similar to upper respiratory tract infection, or sudden high fever, bleeding point, headache, jet vomiting, lethargy, irritability, etc. He should go to a regular hospital for emergency treatment without delay. Prevention by isolating the source of infection? Encephalitis It is more difficult, and the most effective method is vaccination. China has been vaccinating children for many years, and the protection rate can reach over 90%. Experts remind people, especially parents, not to forget to vaccinate themselves and their children? Encephalitis Vaccine.
Step 3: measles
Measles commonly known as? Rash? It is a respiratory infectious disease caused by measles virus, and it is easy to be infected by direct contact with patients. Most of them happen to children between six months and five years old. The incidence of measles virus invading human body through respiratory tract, the incubation period is 6? 18 days. The main symptoms are fever, fear of light, tears, runny nose, conjunctival congestion, oral mucosal spots and systemic maculopapules. Vaccination against measles according to the immune system is the main preventive measure. It takes about 5 days from onset to eruption. However, parents should be alert to measles complicated with laryngitis, pneumonia, encephalitis, malnutrition and other complications. Once found, contact the doctor immediately.
4, chickenpox
Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by herpes zoster virus. Susceptible age is 3 ~ 5 years old. Chickenpox is transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact, and the isolation period is 2 1 day. Chickenpox has an acute onset, and the symptoms in early childhood are often not obvious, and a rash appears at first sight. Older children often have fever, which can reach 39-40℃, often accompanied by general malaise and loss of appetite. On the day or the next day of onset, it started as a red maculopapular rash, and soon turned into herpes after a few hours, showing a water-drop blister with a diameter of 0.3-0.8mm and a blush around it. Within 24 hours, the blister fluid becomes turbid and easily damaged. Herpes lasts for 3-4 days and then scabs, and the scab skin falls off on the 5th 5- 10/0 day. Chickenpox rashes generally appear in batches within 3-5 days of onset, and the development of each batch of rashes has the above process. So maculopapule, herpes zoster and scab can appear at the same time. The rash is itchy. The rash mainly occurs in the head and face, with less distal limbs, less palms and soles, and is distributed centripetally, which is one of the characteristics of varicella rash. The number of rashes ranges from dozens to hundreds.
Family nursing method: 1. Children with fever should stay in bed, drink plenty of water, strengthen nutrition and give them digestible food. 2, help children cut short nails to prevent children from itching and scratching herpes, otherwise it is easy to cause secondary bacterial infection. 3. If you find that the child feels itchy and the herpes has not been scraped, you can wipe the wound with calamine and take chlorpheniramine orally. 4, pay attention to keep the skin clean, underwear should be changed frequently.
5, mumps
The peak of mumps is in spring, and children aged 3- 15 are prone to it.
Drug prevention can be carried out in the epidemic season, such as oral Banlangen decoction. Mumps is an inflammatory disease of various glands in the whole body caused by mumps virus. The virus invades the oral cavity and nasal mucosa of healthy people through air droplets, then multiplies in large numbers, then enters the blood, and reaches the parotid gland through blood circulation, causing parotid gland lesions. Inhalation of air droplets containing mumps virus or contact with food, tableware and toys recently used by patients can cause disease.
The prominent manifestations of mumps patients are fever and swelling and pain under the ear. The disease is common in children and adolescents, but adults who lack resistance to mumps virus may also be infected. Because mumps virus can spread through respiratory tract through droplets, improper protection can cause local epidemic, especially in places where people gather, such as kindergartens and schools. In addition to fever, the disease is accompanied by local gland swelling and pain, and children may also be complicated with meningitis.
6, bacillary dysentery
Bacillary dysentery is a common acute intestinal infectious disease caused by Shigella. The main symptoms are systemic poisoning, fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea and bloody stool, and most patients in the acute stage have symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea and bloody stool. Poisoned patients may have high fever, fainting and other symptoms, and often appear before abdominal pain and diarrhea. In the acute phase, the total number of white blood cells in patients increases.
Preventive measures:
1. In case of acute attack, timely isolation treatment is required. Pay attention to food hygiene at ordinary times.
2. During the acute attack, avoid eating fast food rich in dregs, greasy, fried and spicy, and avoid eating cold food. During high fever, a light liquid and semi-liquid diet should be adopted. Diarrhea is serious, so it is advisable to add more water. After diarrhea stops, you can give light and digestible soft food with less residue.
7. EV7 1 Intestinal infectious diseases
Enterovirus EV7 1 is a kind of human enterovirus, which often causes hand-foot-mouth disease and viral angina in children, and severe children may have pulmonary edema and encephalitis. These diseases are collectively referred to as enterovirus EV7 1 infection diseases. The disease is common in preschool children, especially infants under 3 years old, and adults can also be infected. A few patients may have encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, pulmonary edema and circulatory failure. It may be life-threatening in severe cases.
This disease is common from April to September. There are several modes of transmission: close contact with people is an important mode of transmission, and children are infected by touching hands, towels, cups, toys and utensils. Be contaminated by virus; Viruses in patients' throat secretions and saliva can be spread through air (droplets), so close contact with sick children can cause infection; Drinking or eating water or food contaminated by virus can also cause infection.
After infection, it usually starts with fever, usually around 38℃. At the same time, rashes appear on the mouth, hands, feet and buttocks, or oral mucosal herpes appears. Some patients have cold-like symptoms such as cough in the early stage. A rash began to appear after a fever 1 ~ 2 days, usually on the palms and soles of the feet, but also on the buttocks. Some children do not have fever, but only have rash on hands, feet and buttocks or herpetic angina, and their condition is mild. If you find that your child has symptoms such as fever and rash, you should go to a regular hospital as soon as possible. Children should stop going to kindergartens and schools after they get sick, so as not to infect others. Families should disinfect daily necessities, toys and tableware with soap and 84 disinfectant. Children's feces and other excreta can be disinfected with disinfectant or 84 disinfectant; Expose clothes to the sun and keep the room ventilated.
Pay attention to environmental hygiene, food hygiene and personal hygiene in spring and summer. Try not to take the baby to crowded places. Let the children develop? Wash your hands, drink boiled water and eat cooked food? Hygienic habits, also at home? Ventilation to dry clothes? Hygienic habits.
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