Understand all kinds of disasters and disaster reduction knowledge; Listen: always pay attention to the disaster information released by the state and local governments, and don't listen to rumors; Preparation: make all kinds of action preparations and material and technical preparations for individuals and families; Observation: pay attention to the natural changes around; Report: Once an abnormal natural phenomenon is found, there is no need to panic, but it should be reported to the relevant departments as soon as possible, and the professional departments should be asked to make a judgment; Resistance: once a disaster happens, we should carry forward the fearless spirit and organize everyone and individuals to defend themselves; Disaster avoidance: Before the disaster happens, make arrangements for individuals and families to avoid disasters and choose a safe place to avoid disasters. Once a disaster occurs, individuals should organize everyone to avoid it; Interruption: in the disaster relief operation, the disaster sources such as electricity, fire and gas that can lead to secondary disasters should be cut off first; Rescue: We should master certain medical rescue knowledge and prepare some necessary medicines so that when a disaster occurs and the medical system fails to work normally, we can save ourselves and heal the wounded and rescue the dying in time.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue of flood

1. What are the lifesaving articles when the flood comes?

① First, select large containers, such as oil drums and water storage buckets. After pouring out the stock solution quickly, re-cover the lid. ② Empty beverage bottles, wooden wine barrels or plastic barrels all have a certain floating force, which can be tied together for emergency. Football, basketball and volleyball have good buoyancy. ④ Trees, tables, chairs, stools, boxes and other wooden furniture have buoyancy.

2. What materials should be prepared when the flood comes?

① Prepare a radio to listen to and understand all kinds of relevant information at any time. (2) Prepare enough drinking water, canned fruit juice and foods with long shelf life, and bind and seal them to prevent mildew and deterioration. ③ Prepare warm clothes and medicines for treating colds, dysentery and skin infections. ④ Prepare articles that can be used for communication, such as flashlights, candles and lighters. And prepare brightly colored clothes, flags, whistles, etc. Used as a signal when necessary. ⑤ Fill up the car and make sure it can be started at any time.

3. What are the daily preventive measures for residents vulnerable to floods?

① Pay attention to learning more knowledge about disaster prevention and mitigation at ordinary times, form a scientific living habit of paying attention to weather forecast in flood season, keep abreast of weather changes, make good preparations for family protection, and ensure safety. ② Pay close attention to flood information in flood season, obey the unified arrangement of flood control headquarters, and take refuge in time. (3) residents in low-lying areas should prepare sandbags, water retaining boards and other items, or build waterproof thresholds and set up retaining dams to prevent floods from entering the house. ④ Keep safe boats, wooden valves, life jackets and other items at home, and check whether they can be used at any time before the flood season.

4. How to prevent floods from flooding indoors?

(1) The threshold of the house, the window is the water inlet. Use sandbags and soil bags to build a line of defense at the threshold and window. (2) all the gaps between doors and windows are sealed with tape paper, and several more layers can be sealed. ③ Rat holes, drainage holes and other places where water may enter should be blocked. A truly sealed building will not be flooded.

5. How to make a raft to escape?

① Wooden pots, wooden furniture, wooden blocks and floating objects can be collected, tied together with ropes and processed into life-saving equipment for emergency use. (2) There are no ready-made ropes, sheets, curtains, clothes, etc. You can tear it into strips. Sweet potato vines and vines can make ropes. (3) Floating rafts with smaller areas such as foam boards and wooden boards can be tied with backpacks to increase buoyancy. (4) Scattered straws, branches, bamboo poles, wooden poles, etc. You can connect them in series to make a raft by weaving seats.

6. What if the flood strikes and it is too late to move?

(1) move to a high place. For example, build a temporary tent with a solid foundation on the roof. (2) In dangerous houses, evacuate quickly and find a safe and solid place to avoid falling into the water. (3) Unless the water is forced to evacuate when the building may be washed away or the water surface does not pass the roof, it will remain still until the water stops rising. (4) Making life rafts and other escape articles. Use communication facilities to contact rescue. Glasses and mirrors can be used to reflect sunlight and send out distress signals. ⑤ Use flashlights and firelight to send out distress signals at night. ⑥ When rescuers are found, they should wave bright clothes, red scarves and other items in time and send out rescue signals.

7. What should I do if someone falls into the water?

In case of falling into the water, hold your breath and hold your nose to avoid choking, and try to stand up. (2) If the water is too deep, you can't stand up and swim to the shore quickly, and step on the water to help you swim. Grab anything that floats around you. If you can swim, swim to the nearest shore that is easy to land. Don't panic if you can't swim. You can act in the following two ways: first, face up, head backward, feet alternately step on the water, palms out of the water, let your mouth out of the water, and inhale hard immediately after exhaling; The second is to quickly observe whether there is a fixed object exposed to water and move closer to it.

8. What should I do if I drift in the flood?

If many people fall into the water at the same time, they can join hands to contain the flood together. ② Take off your shoes in time when you fall into the water, reduce resistance, stick your head out of the water and adjust your breathing. (3) When the waves are high and urgent, don't struggle unnecessarily when floating, and save your physical strength as much as possible. (4) Avoid in time the heavy objects that may endanger the body, such as eddies and stones entrained in the water. ⑤ Find and catch floating wooden poles, straw and furniture as life-saving articles. 6. Look for trees, dams, embankments and other highlands, and lean on them as much as possible.

9. What should I do in the wild when the rainstorm strikes?

Don't walk or stay in rivers, valleys and depressions when it rains heavily, because this is often the first place where floods arrive. ② Never climb a telephone pole to avoid electric shock. (3) Run quickly to high slopes and heights, or climb trees. If it is too late, immediately fix yourself on the trunk or hold the tree with a belt to avoid being washed away by the flood when you are exhausted.

10. What should I do if I am trapped on the building by the flood?

(1) When trapped, pay attention to whether the house may collapse after being flooded. If it may collapse, move to a safe place immediately. (2) In case of hunger and thirst, young people with good water and good health should be selected and sent home to get food and clean drinking water. (3) Keep the communication tools well and contact the rescue department in time for help. (4) Use fire, smoke, shouting and waving bright clothes for help, so that search and rescue personnel can find and get help.

1 1. What should I do if I am trapped in an "island" when the flood comes?

(1) Trapped in highland, hillside, cofferdam, dam or roof, observe whether the flood is still rising, whether there is any danger of being washed across and soaked, and if so, move to a safe place. (2) When transferring, prepare ropes, or find sheets, clothes, etc. Make ropes and fix them in a firm place so that they can be successfully transferred. (3) When trapped, young people who are good at water should go home to get food. ④ When rescue workers such as boats, boats and planes are found, they should wave bright clothes and red scarves; Make a fire at night or light a flashlight, lighter, etc. Send a distress signal.

12. What should I do in the face of the rising flood?

(1) At the bottom or low place, it should move to the top and high place layer by layer with the flood rising. (2) When it is impossible to move to a higher place, carefully observe and judge whether the water potential continues to rise; Whether the rising flood is life-threatening; Whether there is a safer place nearby; Whether it can arrive safely. (3) When it is necessary to transfer, a strict, safe and feasible scheme must be worked out.

13. When the flood comes, where is the dangerous area in the city?

(1) In and around dangerous houses; (2) Dangerous walls and high walls; ③ Overflowing sewer; (4) Drainage wells on both sides of the road are connected to the manhole; (5) Around telephone poles and high-voltage towers; ⑥ Chemical plants and warehouses for storing dangerous goods.

14. What should I do when it rains heavily?

If the rainstorm continues, it is necessary to prepare for flood control in advance.

① Enclosure measures can be taken for low-lying residential areas and commercial areas. If sandbags, straw bags and baffles are used to block the water intake such as the entrance, rainwater can be effectively prevented from entering the building. (2) No littering, sundries, etc. Enter the sewer to prevent poor drainage after blockage. (3) Once the house is flooded, cut off the power supply and air supply immediately. (4) Try not to go out during the rainstorm. If you must go out, avoid places with serious water accumulation. It's best to walk in the middle, because the manhole is usually on the side of the road.

15. What should I do in the wild during the rainstorm?

(1) Whether it is in a dangerous building, under a dangerous wall or on a dangerous bridge, it must be moved in time. (2) Don't stay on river banks and reservoir dams for a long time to avoid flooding the dams. ③ Don't stay at the foot of the mountain or on the hillside for a long time, because heavy rain can easily lead to flash floods, mudslides and landslides. (4) Rainstorm is easy to cause cave collapse, so don't take shelter in the cave.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue in landslide

1. How to escape when the mountain collapses and landslides?

(1) In case of landslide, you can hide under a solid obstacle, or squat in a window sill or trench. (2) pay attention to protect the head, head wrapped in clothes.

2. When is the landslide most likely to happen?

(1) After heavy rain or continuous rainy weather. (2) During various building constructions and earthquakes. (3) The annual snowmelt period in spring.

3. How to avoid landslides when traveling abroad?

① Be sure to stay away from landslide-prone areas when traveling. ② It should pass through landslide-prone areas in the season with the least possibility of landslide.

4. How to avoid landslides when camping?

① Avoid steep cliffs and ravines when camping. ② Avoid the hillside with sparse vegetation when camping. (3) Very wet slopes are also places where landslides may occur.

5. How to choose a house in an area prone to landslides?

(1) Check whether there are cracks in the basement wall of the house. ② Observe whether the telephone poles around the house are tilted to one side. ③ Whether the asphalt road near the house has been deformed.

6. After the landslide, how to face the intact house?

Before moving in again, check whether the facilities such as water, electricity and gas in the house are damaged; Whether it is pipes, wires, etc. There are cracks or breakage. If there are any faults, you should call for repair immediately.

7. What should I do when the landslide happens?

(1) escape in the direction perpendicular to the landslide and find a safe zone around as soon as possible. (2) When you can't continue to escape, you should quickly hold the surrounding trees and other fixed objects.

8. What should I pay attention to when rescuing people and things buried by landslides?

① Drain the water at the rear edge of the landslide. ② Excavation from one side of landslide. (3) Save people first, then save people.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue when debris flow occurs

1. How to escape when the mudslide comes?

(1) Run to the heights on both sides of the river bed immediately. (2) Climb to the heights perpendicular to the slopes on both sides of the debris flow. (3) When there is no time to run, hold the trees on the river bank.

2. Where can I avoid the mudslide?

(1) A safe highland away from the debris flow. (2) the hillside highlands on both sides of the valley. (3) the height of the riverbed banks.

3. How to prevent debris flow in the wild?

① Don't stay too long when grazing or working in the valley on rainy days. (2) Once you hear the continuous thunderous noise, you should immediately move to the slopes on both sides. (3) When crossing the valley, you should first observe and make sure it is safe before crossing the valley. (4) Before going out to play or work, you should know and master the local meteorological dynamics and disaster prediction.

How to save oneself and each other in an earthquake

1. How do high-rise residents choose a safe earthquake-proof space when they encounter an earthquake?

(1) immediately hide under a solid table or bed, next to furniture, or at the foot of a wall, corner, etc. After the house collapses, a triangular space can be formed, which is a relatively safe place. (2) Quickly escape into small places such as bathrooms and storage rooms, which are relatively safe places.

2. How do people who live in bungalows avoid danger when they encounter an earthquake?

(1) If there is an earthquake, you should immediately hide under the kang, wall, table and bed indoors. (2) If there are no other dangerous buildings outside the door or window, you can immediately flee to the open space in the middle of the yard. ③ Try to protect your head with things around you, such as quilts and pillows.

3. What if there is no furniture to hide in the room?

(1) When an earthquake occurs, if there is no furniture to hide indoors, you should immediately hide in the wall, corner or indoor door away from the window. (2) The body should be close to the wall, and the corner and head should be as close to the wall as possible. (3) You can bring some bedding and pillows to cover your head.

4. How to prevent fire in an earthquake?

① When leaving the room, turn off the power supply, air supply, water supply and fire source. (2) Don't use open flames at will, so as to avoid flammable and explosive gases such as leaked gas burning in the air. (3) After safety is confirmed, activities such as electricity utilization and fire lighting can be carried out under the guidance of relevant personnel.

5. How to escape from the fire after the earthquake?

(1) When there is a fire, if the fire is small, soak clothes, towels and other items with water and put them on to escape from the fire. (2) On the second and third floors, you can use sheets to form a rope or escape from the burning floor along the drainage pipe. (3) If you are trapped indoors and can't escape, you should hide indoors without a fire source, close the doors and windows, and block the gaps between doors and windows with wet sheets to prevent the fire from spreading indoors.

6. How to escape from the spread of toxic gases after the earthquake?

(1) When toxic gas is found to spread, you should take refuge and flee from the scene immediately. (2) Identify the wind direction and avoid the position with high windward. ③ Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and run away.

7. What should I do if I am crushed by a falling weight?

(1) Find out what the objects on your body are, and don't move them easily. ② Check whether you are injured. If you are not injured, pull your body out slowly according to the situation. (3) If you have been seriously injured, you should try to wrap the wound with clothes and other items. (4) if fracture, don't move easily, waiting for rescue.

8. What should I do if I am buried in the ruins during the earthquake?

(1) Remove impurities from the face and chest, and remove dust from the mouth and nose. (2) Try to get rid of your hands and feet and carefully relieve the pressure on your body. (3) Support the weight on the body with movable objects to avoid collapse. (4) Cover your mouth and nose with a towel, handkerchief, etc. , and try to go to a bright or spacious place. Call for help when you hear something outside. 6. If you can't escape, you must save your strength and wait for rescue.

9. How to deal with aftershocks when buried in ruins?

(1) Try to avoid opening fragile collapsed objects above the body and hanging objects and other articles that will cause injuries. (2) Support the broken wall with bricks, sticks and other things around you to avoid further collapse during aftershocks. ③ Protect your head and neck with clothes around you.

10. Buried in the ruins, how to maintain life?

① Establish a firm belief in survival. Don't cry and shout, save your strength. Don't fidget, just act. ③ Try to rest and close your eyes. (4) Looking for food and water to sustain life. If you can't find water, you can use your own urine for emergency. ⑤ If you are injured, try to dress it up and have more rest.

1 1. How to protect important parts of the body in an earthquake?

(1) Lower your head and cover your head and neck with your hands. ② Put pillows, bedding and other things around your head to protect your head and neck. (3) lower the head and close your eyes to prevent falling objects from hurting your eyes. (4) If possible, cover your nose and mouth with towels, handkerchiefs and other items to prevent inhalation of dust and harmful gases.

12. What are the correct shock absorption postures?

(1) On the ground, the center of gravity of the body is minimized. (2) face down, keep your mouth and nose breathing normally and smoothly. (3) Squat down or sit down and bend your body as much as possible. (4) Hold fast to the solid objects around you, so as not to slide to dangerous places during the earthquake.