The first step: the phonetic stage.
In Japanese, each letter represents a syllable, except tone, so kana belongs to syllable letters. There are 71 pseudonyms in Japanese, including unvoiced, voiced, semi-voiced and voiced sounds.
First, voiceless.
Pseudonyms representing 45 unvoiced sounds can be arranged into a table according to the pronunciation rules, which is called a five-tone diagram. The horizontal line of the table is called line, one line is five pseudonyms, one line is * * * ten lines, and the vertical column is called segment, one is ten pseudonyms, and the other is * * * five segments. All lines and paragraphs are called by the first pen name. Dialing is not unvoiced, but it is customarily listed in the unvoiced list.
The first line of Isuzu diagram is called ァ line, which is five vowel pseudonyms, and the pronunciation of the last nine lines is mostly composed of various consonants. Note that when these five vowels are pronounced, they are basically in the front of the mouth. If a sound is close to American English, it is generally not as heavy as American English, which saves a lot of effort and has a softer voice.
ぁァ: In Japanese vowels, the opening is the largest and the tongue position is the lowest. Lips naturally open, slightly smaller than American English/ɑ/,vibrating vocal cords, loud voice.
ぃィ: Compared with American English /i/(ee), the lips are slightly looser and the mouth is not quite open. The protrusion of the anterior tongue, opposite to the hard palate, forms a narrow channel. The front tongue is hard, vibrating vocal cords, and the voice is sharp.
ぅウ: Lips are naturally slightly open, corners of the mouth are slightly pulled, lips should not protrude forward like American English /u/(oo), tongue surface is flat, vocal cords vibrate, and voice is weak.
ぇェ: The lips are slightly wider left and right, the tongue surface is flat, the position of the mouth shape and the tip of the tongue is between ぁ and ぁ. The root of the tongue is stressed, the vocal cords vibrate and the voice is tense.
ぉォ: The lips are slightly round, and the mouth size is between ぁ and ぅ. The tongue is flat and vibrates the vocal cords. Unlike American English /o/(o-e), the sound is more rounded and rich.
か line: This line of pseudonyms represents five unvoiced sounds, consisting of unvoiced sounds [k] and five vowels. When pronouncing, the root of the tongue is tightly attached to the flap, and then the vocal cords will not move. When it appears in the prefix, its pronunciation is similar to that of American English K, and it has a strong sense of airflow. When it appears in words, it is similar to American English sk, and it does not exhale air.
Pronunciation exercise: かきくけこ
ささ: This line of pseudonyms represents five unvoiced sounds, consisting of unvoiced [s] and five vowels. When pronouncing, the tip of the tongue is placed behind the upper gum, and the vocal cords do not vibrate. Silent air flows between the tongue and teeth, forming a silky sound, and the tuning point is on the inner side of the upper gum. However, when pronouncing, the lips slightly extend forward, the tongue surface protrudes and approaches the flap, the vocal cords do not vibrate, and the tip of the tongue cannot touch the front teeth.
Pronunciation exercise: さしすせそ
⑥ Line: This line of pseudonyms represents five unvoiced sounds, consisting of unvoiced sounds [t] and five vowels. When pronouncing, the vocal cords do not vibrate, and the tip of the tongue clings to the upper gum, which forms an obstacle and becomes a tuning point. When the obstacles are cleared by the air, these five sounds are made. But when pronouncing, the tuning point is not in the gum, but in the hard palate. (vii) When pronouncing, clean air should be squeezed out from obstacles.
Pronunciation exercise: たちつてと
③ Line: This line of pseudonyms is traditionally classified as unvoiced, consisting of nasal sound [n] and five vowels. The tip of the tongue abuts against the upper gum, and the front surface of the tongue abuts against the hard palate, blocking the oral passage, vibrating the vocal cords, and letting the turbid gas naturally flow out through the nasal cavity. However, in the pronunciation of に, the tip of the tongue should be pressed on the hard palate, and the soft palate will droop, vibrating the vocal cords, and making the turbid gas flow out of the nasal cavity. ⑦ is a nominative auxiliary word in Japanese, which means "de". For example, "my father" means "private father" in Japanese.
Pronunciation exercise: なにぬねの
⑧ Line: This line of pseudonyms represents five unvoiced sounds, consisting of unvoiced sounds [h] and five vowels. When pronouncing, the mouth is open, the vocal cords do not vibrate, and clean air flows out between the back of the tongue and the soft palate, and the tuning point is in the throat. However, when pronouncing, the mouth is open, the tongue surface protrudes and is close to the hard palate cover, the vocal cords do not vibrate, and clean air flows out from the friction between the tongue surface and the hard palate, and the tuning point is in the hard palate. ふ When pronouncing, open your lips slightly and keep them natural. The upper teeth are close to the lower lip, but they cannot be touched. There is a gap in the middle, and the vocal cords do not vibrate. Clean air flows from the gap between the lips, and the tuning point is between the lips. Note that there is no American English fricative /f/ in Japanese, so don't bite your lips when you pronounce it.
Pronunciation exercise: はひふへほ
ままま: The five pseudonyms of this line are also called voiceless, which are composed of nasal sound [m] and five vowels. When pronouncing, shut up, keep your tongue natural, the soft palate droops, and turbid air flows through the nasal cavity.
Pronunciation exercise: まみむめも
やや: The three pen names や, ゆ and よ in this line are composed of vowels ぃ and ぁ, ぅ and ぉ, so please read them lightly. The other two pseudonyms are repeated with ぃぇ and ぇ in the line, with the same pronunciation.
Pronunciation exercise: やぃゆぇよ
らら: This line of pseudonyms is also included in Japanese voiceless. Consists of a lateral sound [r] and five vowels. Lips open, tip of tongue inclined, press on upper gum. The rising of the soft palate blocks the nasal passage, vibrates the vocal cords, and makes turbid air flow out from both sides of the tongue.
Pronunciation exercise: らりるれろ
わわ: In fact, there are only two pseudonyms of わを and を. The other three pseudonyms are the same as ぁぁぅ and ぇわわ with vowels ぅ and ぁ.
Pronunciation exercise: わぃぅぇを
Dial ":soft palate drooping, vocal cord vibration, nasal ventilation and vocalization." Generally, it is not used alone or prefixed. Can only be combined with other pseudonyms to form dial syllables.
Second, voiced sound.
The voiced pseudonyms are derived from the four lines of pseudonyms か, さ, た and は, and are represented by voiced symbols.
ガガ: ガガガガガガガガガガガガガガガガガガ. The only difference is that the consonant [k] does not vibrate the vocal cords when voiced, while the consonant [g] vibrates the vocal cords when voiced.
? Line voiced sound is subdivided into voiced sound and nasal voiced sound. When voiced, first form a blockage and block the nasal passage at the same time, and then let go of the voiced air to flow out of the mouth. When voiced nasal sounds are produced, the blockage should be formed first, and the nasal passages should be dredged, so that the turbid air flows out through the nasal cavity first, and then released, so that the air flow turns to the oral cavity. (13) pseudonyms are generally located in voiced words; In a word, voiced at the end.
Pronunciation exercise: がぎぐげご
ザザ: ざざ' s pentatonic is composed of ぁ' s voiced consonant [dz] and vowel. However, when ず is pronounced, the vowel becomes lighter. "じ" consists of voiced consonant [j] and vowel "ぃ". "
Pronunciation exercise: ざじずぜぞ
だ: だ voiced sound and た unvoiced sound form a group of unvoiced sounds. The pronunciation is exactly the same, but when voiced, the consonants do not vibrate the vocal cords, and when voiced, the consonants vibrate the vocal cords. The five voiced sounds of line だ are composed of voiced consonants [d] and vowels of line ぁ, but ぢ and づ are exactly the same as じ and ず, and they are all voiced. At present, "ぢ" and "づ" are only used in a few occasions (such as the combination of compound words and homophones), and are generally written as "じ" and "ず". "
Pronunciation exercise: だぢづでど
バ line: ば line pseudonym represents five voiced sounds. Traditionally, the は line and ば line are considered as the combination of unvoiced and voiced sounds. ばばばばばばばばばばばばばばばばばばばばばばば?? 1240
Pronunciation exercise: ばびぶべぼ
Third, semi-voiced.
There is only one line of semi-voiced sound, which is represented by a line of pseudonyms and semi-voiced symbols. ぱぱ semi-voiced sound consists of voiced consonants [p] and vowels. When you sound [p], your lips are tightly closed and the nasal passages are blocked, so that the vocal cords will not vibrate, and clean air will break through your lips. The semi-voiced pronunciation position of line ぱ is exactly the same as that of line ぱ, but the consonants different from line ぱ do not vibrate the vocal cords, while the consonants of line ぱ vibrate the vocal cords. In fact, ぱばば and ば constitute a group of voiced sounds, but the Japanese used to call the five pseudonyms ぱぱ' semi-voiced, and はばば and ば a group of voiced sounds.
Pronunciation exercise: ぱぴぷぺぽ The second stage: the basic stage.
Learn pronunciation, then learn vocabulary and grammar. Japanese vocabulary can be divided into three types: Japanese harmony, Chinese vocabulary (including directly adopted Chinese vocabulary and words created with Chinese characters) and loanwords (transliterated from European and American languages).
Japanese grammar belongs to adhesive language, and grammar is expressed by the adhesion of auxiliary words and auxiliary verbs. Although Japanese verbs, adjectives, descriptive verbs and auxiliary verbs also have suffix changes, these changes are not transferred through sex, number, case and tense, but through the attached components behind them.
The part of speech in Japanese is called "twelve-character case":
Nouns-Names that indicate people and things.
Sir, I don't know.
Pronouns-instead of names of people and things.
Personal.
Numbers-indicate quantity and order, such as:
1つ 2つ 3 つ
Nouns, pronouns and numerals are collectively called body language.
Verb-indicates action, function, state and existence, with inflections. For example:
Let's leave now.
Adjective-indicates the nature and state, with inflections. For example:
Do more fun.
Descriptive verbs-indicating nature and state, which are the same as adjectives in meaning, but have different suffix changes, such as:
にぎやかだだだだ
Verbs, adjectives and descriptive verbs are collectively called words.
Adverbs-modifiers, adjectives, descriptive verbs and other adverbs.
あまり とても ぜんぜん
Conjunction-Modifying nouns, pronouns and numerals, such as:
この その あの どの
Connective words-connect the two sentences before and after, and play a connecting role:
しかし でも ところで
Interjection-expressing exclamation, which has no grammatical connection with other components of the sentence, such as:
ああ はい ええ
The above ten parts of speech can be used independently in a sentence, which is called independent words.
Auxiliary verbs-attached to body language, pragmatic words, auxiliary words and auxiliary verbs, express various grammatical meanings and have suffix changes, such as:
だ です ます ない れる られる う よう
Auxiliary words-attached to independent words, auxiliary words or auxiliary verbs, indicating the grammatical relationship between words, or bringing some meaning and language sense. Auxiliary words can be divided into case auxiliary words, continuous auxiliary words, prompt auxiliary words, auxiliary auxiliary words, coordinate auxiliary words and final auxiliary words.
が に を から は も など ぐらい と や か ね
Auxiliary words and auxiliary verbs can not be used as sentence components alone in a sentence, but can only be attached to independent words to play a grammatical role, or bring a certain meaning, sense of language, or express various moods, so they are called auxiliary words.
I hope it can help you solve the problem.