Spacecraft running in space, although various possible dangerous factors have been considered in the design, it is still possible to encounter dangerous situations, such as colliding with space junk or other objects. Space facilities are an important part of space security, including satellites and space stations. These facilities operate in space and may be affected by the space environment, such as the radiation of high-energy particles and the impact of tiny meteorites.

Astronauts are the most vulnerable part of space security. In space, people's physical and psychological state will be affected, such as osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, psychological stress and so on. In addition, astronauts may encounter unexpected situations such as equipment failure and plan change when performing tasks, and need to deal with various unexpected situations.

Characteristics of space security challenges

First of all, the increasingly crowded space increases the risk of collision of space objects. During the Cold War, space competition was mainly between the Soviet Union and the United States. Other countries with space capabilities, such as Britain, France, China and Japan, are just emerging, and the two superpowers are hard to match. More countries are basically unable to use space.

In the second space age, the United States rode the dust, Russia declined relatively, and the space power of other countries gradually developed, and the pattern of one superpower and many powers in the space field was obvious. In the third space age, the spatial pattern is becoming more and more multipolar, and hundreds of countries have their own satellites, among which more than 10 countries have the ability to launch satellites from their own territories.

Especially the rise of China's space industry, the number of space launches and the number of space facilities have been in the top two in the world in the past decade, and it has steadily become a space power. In addition, new private aerospace enterprises have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, and companies such as Space Technology Exploration Company, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic have set foot in manned space flight and launched giant constellations, which are in full swing at one time.

Second, the battlefield in space increases the risk of an arms race and armed conflict in space. As soon as humans entered space, the process of militarization of space began. But in the first space age and the second space age, the military role of space is relatively limited. In the third space age, space itself will become a battlefield, and space forces will conduct offensive and defensive operations as an independent service.