Key words: food carving, cooking and application.
First of all, food carving's raw materials
The raw materials of food carving are mainly fruits and vegetables with carving performance, and there are also several mashed raw materials and auxiliary raw materials for cooking.
1, muddy raw materials
Mashed raw materials can be eaten, such as egg yolk cake, protein cake, ham, western-style ham, sauce beef, sauce liver, fish cake, tofu, bean jelly, agar, aspic and so on. These raw materials can show various three-dimensional and embossed artistic shapes and show cooking skills.
2, fruit and vegetable raw materials
Plant raw materials: such as pumpkin, wax gourd, watermelon, melon, cantaloupe, beetroot, sweet potato, kohlrabi, potato, white radish, green radish, carrot, mustard head, lettuce, cucumber, radish with solid texture, etc.
3. Auxiliary raw materials
Auxiliary raw materials refer to raw materials that can play an auxiliary role in sculpture works, which can be divided into:
① Bonding materials: Bonding materials are used for splicing of combined carvings, generally including bamboo sticks, toothpicks and 502 glue.
② Coloring raw materials: Sometimes the color of carving raw materials is single, and it is necessary to use coloring methods to enhance the color. Generally, there are: synthetic pigment, indigo, lemon yellow, carmine, pink and so on.
Second, food carving's method and the application of cutting tools.
To carve a good work, we should know how to use the carving knife, how to hold the knife by hand, how to use the knife method and how to use the knife, which is an important basic knowledge of carving technology. Make the following introduction.
1, knife-holding method of food carving
When carving works, the posture of the operator holding the knife is very important. Only by mastering the correct method of holding the knife can we use it flexibly. Commonly used methods are: horizontal knife grip, vertical knife grip, pen grip, knife insertion and so on.
(1) Holding the knife vertically: Hold the knife vertically in your hand, and you can carve, select, cut and dig raw materials with the left, right and back knives.
(2) Cross-grip method: Cross-grip method means that when using a knife, the blade is up, the thumb is up and parallel to the blade, the other four fingers hold the handle, and the thumb is attached to the side of the blade to cut the rotating raw material.
(3) Pen-holding method: The pen-holding method holds the knife in the posture of holding the pen, which is suitable for the carving of fine parts and the carving operation of doing, scratching, engraving and picking on raw materials.
(4) Knife insertion method: The knife insertion method is basically the same as the pen writing method, which is different from pressing the middle finger or ring finger on the raw material when carving, so as to prevent the raw material and hands from being injured due to knife sliding and excessive force. Carving operation of pushing and poking raw materials.
2. Tool application in food carving.
Food carving is a unique art, it has a unique knife method, and many knives need to be used in turn when carving. Here is how to use the knife method.
(1) Cutting: Cutting is mainly used for sculpting materials, smoothing the surface of raw materials and dividing raw materials. Cutting in carving is an auxiliary knife method, which is applied to dividing knife and cutting knife.
(2) Cutting: There is no fixed method for cutting, and it can be up, down, left and right. There are two exploitation ways of cutting with a knife, push and pull. Push cutting is commonly used, and broaching should be used for raw materials with high toughness or brittleness.
(3) Scribing: Scribing refers to carving patterns with a knife instead of strokes on the carving raw materials, and carving on the existing basic patterns, which is convenient for modification, blanking and positioning. The knives used are scoring knife, oblique knife and flat knife.
(4) Carving: Carving is the main technique in carving, and the direction of knife transportation is flexible and changeable. At the same time, it is also the general name of the sculpting knife method of food carving. The knives used are mainly flat knives, oblique knives and various groove knives.
(5) Poke: Poke knife method can be divided into straight poke and push poke. Straight poking refers to the straight stabbing of the blade, and pushing refers to the method of stabbing with a large knife inclination angle and then advancing. The cutters used are semi-circular and triangular groove cutters.
3, food carving's knives
The food carving knife is not only a set of knives made by professionals, but also designed and made by sculptors according to their experience and production difficulty. However, it must be light, simple and practical. Here, the shapes and applications of the above-mentioned practical tools are introduced.
(1) Flat knife: Flat knife, also called hand knife or main knife, is the most widely used tool in carving. There are three kinds of flat-edged knives: large, medium and small, which can be used to carve blocks, details and simple sculptures independently.
(2) Cutters: Cutters are divided into rectangular, pointed and elbow shapes. Cutters are mainly used for cutting large-shaped raw materials, cutting regular geometric shapes or flattening the base of carved works.
(3) Bevel knife: Bevel knife, also known as sharp-edged knife, has a certain inclination angle and a sharp blade. Due to the different inclination of the blade, it is divided into large and small bevel knives, which are mainly used for carving patterns, lines and relief shoveling.
Third, the production steps of food carving
When making a sculpture or a group of sculptures, there is a process, and each process has some problems that need attention.
1, proposition
Proposition is to carve the selected content theme. Determine the direct statement and significance of the sculpture works, which should be consistent with the atmosphere of the banquet. When decorating sculptures, we should pay attention to the customs and hobbies of the guests, so as to give full play to the innovative theme.
Step 2 conceive
Conception is to brew the overall layout according to the proposition. For example, the distribution ratio of theme carving and foil parts, the use and collocation of raw materials colors should be well known, and some should draw sketches and make perfect sculptures through diagrams.
Step 3 carve
According to all kinds of raw materials, determine the modeling content, use carving tools to repair the carving outline and then carry out fine carving decoration until the work is completed.
Fourth, the type of food carving.
There are booths dedicated to appreciation in food carving, some of which are both ornamental and edible, but they are classified according to different carving materials and methods.
1. Classification of carving materials: it can be divided into fruit and vegetable carving, agar carving, chocolate carving, butter carving, dough sculpture, sugar sculpture, etc.
2. Classification of carving methods: food carving can be divided into two categories: round carving and relief carving, and round carving can be divided into whole carving and whole carving. Relief is divided into convex carving, concave carving and hollow carving.
(a) the whole carving: the whole carving is carved from a whole piece of raw materials. Its shape is three-dimensional, and you can enjoy the carved images from all angles. Therefore, it is the most difficult and expressive, and it is often used to make and watch discs in the stands.
(2) Complete sculpture: Complete sculpture is suitable for large exhibition stands. It is made of various raw materials with different colors and the same color, carved into various parts of the model, and then assembled and bonded into a complete sculpture, because the raw materials are unlimited and the colors are bright and spectacular.
(3) Concave carving and convex carving: Concave carving and convex carving are also called female carving and male carving. Concave carving is the use of concave lines on the surface of raw materials to express patterns, which is close to drawing lines. This carving method is simple and easy to master, and it is suitable for carving some complex patterns. Embossing is to leave the lines of the pattern on the surface of the raw material and scrape or shovel off the blank to show the hierarchy, which is difficult. Suitable for simple and regular patterns, suitable for making east melon cups and melon lamps.
Through the above argument, the key points of each process of food carving technology are introduced in detail, which proves the role of food carving in cooking and fully shows that food carving and cooking are complementary. Because cooking itself is an art, it should be delicious and beautiful, so we should deepen our understanding and study of food carving craft while constantly improving our cooking skills. Let the big family of cooking flourish.