Planting method of shiitake mushrooms
temperature
The optimum temperature for basidiospore germination is 22-26℃.
The temperature range of mycelium growth is 5-24℃, and the optimum temperature is 24-27℃. However, due to the protection of wood, mushroom wood can survive safely in the mountains with the temperature below -20℃ or in the low altitude areas with the temperature above 40℃, and the mycelium will not die.
Lentinus edodes is a kind of low temperature and variable temperature mushroom. Lentinus edodes primordium differentiated at 8-2 1℃, and 10- 12℃ was the best. The fruiting body develops in the range of 5-24℃, and the optimum temperature is 8-65438 06℃. In the same variety, at low temperature (10- 12℃), the fruiting body develops slowly, the stipe is short, the flesh is thick and the quality is good. At high temperature (above 20℃), the fruiting body develops rapidly, the stalk is long, the pulp is thin and the quality is poor. At constant temperature, Lentinus edodes does not form fruiting bodies.
moisture
In sawdust culture medium, the optimum water content for mycelium growth is 60-70%; The suitable water content of mushroom wood is 32-40%, the survival rate of inoculation below 32% is not high, and the mycelium growth is extremely poor under the condition of 10%- 15%. In the process of fruiting body formation, the moisture content of mushroom wood should be kept at about 60%, and the air humidity should be 80-90%.
nutrition
Lentinus edodes is a wood rot fungus, its main nutrients are carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds, as well as a small amount of inorganic salts and vitamins. All kinds of nutrients in mushroom wood and culture medium can only be absorbed and utilized by mushrooms if they are dissolved in water.
① Carbon source
Mushroom mycelium can use a wide range of carbon sources, including monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, and the sugar concentration is 1-5%.
② Nitrogen source
Mushroom mycelium can use organic nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, but not nitrate nitrogen and industrial nitrate nitrogen. In the vegetative growth stage of Lentinus edodes mycelium, the ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source is 25-40: 1, and high concentration of nitrogen will inhibit the differentiation of Lentinus edodes primordia. In the reproductive growth stage, higher carbon is needed.
③ Mineral elements
Besides magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus and potassium, the coexistence of iron, zinc and manganese can promote the growth of Lentinus edodes mycelium and have complementary effects. Calcium and boron can inhibit the growth of mushroom mycelium.
④ Vitamins
The growth of mushroom mycelium must absorb vitamin B 1, and other vitamins are not needed. The concentration of vitamin B 1 suitable for mushroom growth is about 100 μm per liter of culture medium. During wood cultivation, the mycelium of Lentinus edodes secretes a variety of enzymes to decompose macromolecules such as lignin, cellulose and starch, and absorbs carbon, nitrogen and mineral elements from the phloem and xylem of Lentinus edodes.
air
Lentinus edodes belongs to aerobic fungi, and sufficient fresh air is one of the important environmental conditions to ensure the normal growth and development of Lentinus edodes. Agrocybe aegerita and Agrocybe aegerita, the cultivation environment is too closed and easy to be deformed.
light
Lentinus edodes is a phototactic fungus, and appropriate intensity of diffuse light is a necessary condition for Lentinus edodes to complete its normal life history. However, mycelium growth does not require light. The results showed that blue light with the wavelength of 380-540nm inhibited the growth of mycelium, but it was most beneficial to the formation of primordia. The differentiation, growth and development of fruiting body of Lentinus edodes need light. Without light, fruiting bodies cannot be formed. The research shows that the light intensity of 40-7-lx is more suitable. Lentinus edodes primordium is often long in the dark, with small cover, long stalk, light color, thin meat and poor quality.
Patient History
The pH value of the culture solution suitable for mushroom mycelium growth is 5-6. The pH value of 3.5-4.5 is suitable for the formation of Lentinus edodes primordia and the development of fruiting bodies. In the process of wood decay, the pH value of mushroom wood decreases continuously, thus promoting the formation of fruiting bodies.
Matters needing attention in mushroom cultivation
Improper selection of mushroom breeding sites, such as planting in dark, poorly ventilated or unsanitary places, leads to serious pollution of miscellaneous bacteria and failure of mushroom growth; Although some barely grow bacteria, they are poisoned due to poor air circulation and high carbon dioxide content during the fruiting period, so they cannot grow mushrooms or form deformed mushrooms.
Improper selection or preparation of culture materials. Planting mushrooms with contaminated and caked raw materials is easy to cause large-scale pollution or sterility. When preparing the culture medium, excessive nitrogen fertilizer such as urea is added to the culture medium, and ammonia is easily released after inoculation, so that the mycelium is poisoned and cannot grow normally. So, one.
Improper selection of strains, such as selecting high-temperature varieties in winter and low-temperature varieties in spring, or sowing aged or polluted strains, will easily lead to slow growth or no growth, late growth or no growth. Therefore, when planting mushrooms, we should choose suitable strains according to the local climate conditions at that time, and do not use aging or polluted strains.
Under the condition of natural temperature, the management of mushroom growth period is light, moisture and ventilation. In the result period, scattered light can meet the needs. The light in the mushroom room is insufficient, and the mushroom is slow, so it can be supplemented by electric lights to induce the mushroom to grow.
Cultivation and management techniques of Lentinus edodes
Indoor fungi. It takes more than 60 days for Lentinus edodes from inoculation to physiological maturity. After inoculation, it should be moved into the spawning room in time for culture. The bacteria bags are discharged in a "well" shape, 8~9 stories high, the room temperature is controlled at about 25℃, and the relative humidity is required to be below 70%.
0~6 days after inoculation with 65438+, the mycelium is in the stage of recovery germination, and the room temperature should be controlled between 28 ~ 30℃. At this stage, the fungus bag can't be turned over, so it can't be ventilated, and shading will cause dim light. After 7~ 10 days, the hyphae began to eat, the room temperature dropped to 26℃~28℃, ventilated 2~3 times a day, and turned over on the 7th day 1 time, that is, the stacked fungus bags were switched up and down, so that each fungus bag was managed under the same conditions. When turning over the pile, handle it with care to prevent the seal from being damaged and infected by miscellaneous bacteria. At the same time, carefully check the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria in combination with pile turning. If there are scattered miscellaneous bacteria, inject 50 ml of 75% alcohol and 30 ml of 25% formaldehyde to seal the affected area.
The fungus bag is discolored. Whether the color changes sooner or later is related to the yield and yield of mushrooms. After the mycelium matures, it turns from white to reddish brown, and yellow water drops appear, followed by mushroom primordium. During the color change period, indoor astigmatism should be increased, ventilation should be strengthened, and the film should be opened and closed regularly to form a dry, dry and wet environment to promote color change.
Outdoor mushroom promotion. Lentinus edodes is a kind of low temperature and variable temperature mushroom. When the fungus bag becomes reddish-brown fungus film, move the fungus bag to an outdoor shady place, spread a wheat straw mat from top to bottom, sprinkle water to keep moisture, cover it at night, uncover it during the day, repeat for 4-5 days, and cover the fungus film to suffocate and promote the mushroom.
Mushroom production management. The temperature drops gradually in autumn, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of mycelium. After 3 days of mushroom promotion, the mushroom bags were picked out every day 1 time and placed on the bedstead of the mushroom shed, with the spacing between the bags being 7~ 10 cm until the mushroom promotion was over. After putting the mushroom bag into the bedstead, cut a film around the mushroom bud with a sharp knife and squat down the mushroom. Generally, mushrooms are not covered within 7~ 10 days of squatting period, and flowers can be urged when young mushrooms are the size of peanut seeds.