Probiotic knowledge 1. Popular science: the difference between probiotics and prebiotics.
Simply put, prebiotics are the "food" of probiotics. Only by ensuring enough prebiotics can probiotics have enough energy to grow and reproduce and play a role.
In this way, we can easily find the difference between the two:
1, with different components, probiotics are biologically active bacteria and prebiotics are oligosaccharides.
2, the mode of action is different, probiotics are exogenous bacteria, and the effect is more direct. We can add different strains, such as Bifidobacterium, according to the different constitution and etiology of the body, which has a significant effect on gastrointestinal diseases. Prebiotics enter the gastrointestinal tract in undigested form, and indirectly promote gastrointestinal health and nutrient absorption by feeding probiotics such as Bifidobacterium.
3, immune system reaction, our human body is immune, can identify the bacteria ingested by the outside world, different constitutions may have different physiological reactions.
2. What are probiotics?
The internationally recognized definition in the field of nutrition is that probiotics are bacteria that are beneficial to the human body and can be taken directly to maintain the balance of intestinal flora.
Yinleduo is a real active lactic acid bacteria fermented milk, which has been cultivated by Korean researchers for more than 40 years. It is not killed by gastric juice and bile when passing through the stomach and duodenum, but can play a role directly in the intestine. Also known as "healthy longevity bacteria" abroad, it has a history of more than 40 years in Korea and Japan, and the daily drinking amount accounts for more than 1/2 of the total population.
Yinleduo does not contain any hormones, pigments, antibiotics, stabilizers and preservatives, which can effectively improve immunity, prevent constipation and diarrhea, promote digestion, improve anorexia, strengthen brain and improve intelligence, and beauty beauty is helpful to lose weight. By supplementing 65.438+0 billion live bacteria every day, we can adjust the intestinal microecological balance and stimulate the internal strength of the human body, thus achieving the goal of lasting health.
It is suggested that you must drink Leto in time, so that the beneficial bacteria in the body will prevail and the intestines will remain young. Young intestines make life evergreen.
3. What are the beneficial probiotics and harmful bacteria in life?
Probiotics refer to a kind of intestinal physiological bacteria beneficial to human life and health, such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and other lactic acid bacteria.
At present, there are many kinds of yogurt products on the market, including solidified yogurt, stirred yogurt and juice yogurt with different juices, which are sweet and sour and suitable for different tastes. No matter what kind of yogurt it is, it is characterized by containing lactic acid bacteria.
These lactic acid bacteria will secrete substances beneficial to human health when they propagate in human intestines, so yogurt has more benefits to human body. Can you elaborate on its benefits to human body? Answer 1 prevention and treatment of diarrhea; ② Relieve the symptoms of lactose intolerance; ③ Prevention of * * * infection; 5. Enhance human immunity; ⑤ Alleviate allergy; ⑥ Reduce serum cholesterol; ⑦ Prevent cancer and inhibit tumor growth.
Patients often take health food containing probiotics, which can prevent and treat diarrhea. There are more than 500 kinds and trillions of different bacteria living in the intestines of normal people. In most cases, they restrict each other and thrive.
Once the balance of intestinal flora is broken, it will cause diarrhea. Secondly, the abuse of antibiotics can also cause diarrhea.
Some European medical centers have tried oral liquid with lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium and inulin as the main ingredients to treat travelers' diarrhea, and achieved good results. Another function of probiotics is to prevent * * * infection.
A double-blind controlled trial in Europe (46 women with a history of * * * mold infection participated in the trial) confirmed this. Female patients take yogurt 150 ml containing a lot of probiotics every day. Therefore, the incidence of * * * infection is much lower than that of women in the placebo group.
This is because Lactobacillus acidophilus in yogurt can inhibit the reproduction of Candida albicans in * * *. Scientists believe that the proliferation of probiotics in the intestine can promote and improve the body's general immunity.
In some famous longevity towns in Europe (such as Caucasus mountainous areas and Mediterranean coastal countries), local people often drink homemade yogurt, and rarely suffer from diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. The research believes that this is related to the fact that yogurt contains a lot of probiotics. From 1970s to 1990s, a large number of foreign experiments confirmed that drinking probiotic drinks can really reduce serum cholesterol. Recently, foreign scholars published a paper pointing out that drinking 200 ml of yogurt fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and inulin every day can reduce the blood lipid of hyperlipidemia patients by an average of 4.
About 4%. Because both Lactobacillus acidophilus and inulin have lipid-lowering effects.
In addition, the research report said that long-term consumption of probiotics can prevent cancer and tumor diseases, prevent bone loss and osteoporosis. Harmful: Escherichia coli, which can cause disease.
The pathogenic substances of Escherichia coli are colonization factors, that is, pili and enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. In addition, lipid A of cell wall lipopolysaccharide is toxic, and O- specific polysaccharide can resist the host defense barrier. K antigen of Escherichia coli has phagocytosis.
Diseases caused by Escherichia coli: 1, parenteral infection. Most of them are endogenous infections, mainly urinary tract infections, such as urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis.
It can also cause peritonitis, cholecystitis and appendicitis. Escherichia coli can invade the blood and cause septicemia in infants, the elderly, the infirm, patients with chronic wasting diseases and patients with extensive burns.
Premature infants, especially newborns within 30 days after birth, are prone to E.coli meningitis. 2. Acute diarrhea. Some serotypes of Escherichia coli can cause diarrhea in humans.
Among them, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli can cause diarrhea in infants and tourists, ranging from watery diarrhea to cholera-like symptoms. Diarrhea is often self-limited, usually cured in 2~3 days, and malnutrition can last for several weeks or recur.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is the main pathogen of infantile diarrhea, which is highly contagious and can be fatal in severe cases. After bacteria invade the intestine, they mainly reproduce in the duodenum, jejunum and upper ileum.
In addition, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli can cause sporadic or fulminant hemorrhagic colitis and produce Shiga toxin-like cytotoxin. Beneficial: Lactic acid bacteria can promote digestion.
Lactic acid bacteria is a kind of probiotics existing in human body. Lactic acid bacteria can ferment carbohydrates into lactic acid, hence the name.
Probiotics can help digestion and contribute to human intestinal health, so they are often regarded as healthy foods and added to yogurt. There are hundreds of kinds of bacteria living in the human intestine, with the number exceeding one billion.
Among them, probiotics are beneficial to human health, represented by lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium. Harmful bacteria are called harmful bacteria, such as Bacillus megaterium and Clostridium perfringens. Probiotics are a huge flora, and harmful bacteria are also a small flora. When probiotics are dominant (accounting for more than 80% of the total), the human body remains healthy, otherwise it is in a sub-health or unhealthy state.
Long-term scientific research results show that probiotics represented by lactic acid bacteria are essential beneficial bacteria with important physiological functions. Their number directly affects people's health and life span. The long-term research results of scientists have proved that lactic acid bacteria are very important to people's health and longevity. However, the number of lactic acid bacteria in human intestine will gradually decrease with the increase of human age. When people are old or sick, the number of lactic acid bacteria may decrease by 100 to 1000 times until the old people die completely.
Usually, healthy people are 50 times more than patients, and long-lived old people are 60 times more than ordinary old people. Therefore, the actual situation of the number of lactic acid bacteria in human body has become an important indicator to test whether people are healthy and live longer.
At present, due to the wide application of broad-spectrum and powerful antibiotics, probiotics, mainly lactic acid bacteria, in human intestines have been seriously damaged, and their resistance has gradually decreased, leading to more and more diseases and posing a great threat to health. Therefore, it is very important to intentionally increase the number of lactic acid bacteria in human intestine.
At present, internationally recognized lactic acid bacteria are considered as the safest strains and the most representative intestinal probiotics. The more probiotics represented by lactic acid bacteria in human intestine, the better. It is also completely in line with the conclusion drawn in the "longevity theory" of Nobel Prize-winning biologist Mechnikov, that is, lactic acid bacteria = probiotics = longevity bacteria.
Faced with the increasingly powerless situation of antibiotics, human beings are constantly seeking new and more effective biological antibacterial products. Developed countries in the world first recognized and created the immunotherapy revolution represented by the use of lactic acid bacteria.
4. The role of probiotics
The international nutrition community generally believes that beneficial bacteria are beneficial bacteria, which can be directly used as food additives to maintain the balance of intestinal flora. Hundreds of health products with beneficial bacteria have been developed, including yogurt, yogurt, yogurt and oral liquid, tablet, capsule, powder and so on containing beneficial bacteria. ② Relieve the symptoms of lactose tolerance; (3) prevent * * * dyeing; ④ Enhance immunity; ⑤ Alleviate sensitization; ⑥ Reduce serum cholesterol; ⑦ Preventing cancer and inhibiting the existence of 500 kinds and hundreds of trillions of bacteria in tumor intestines are mutually restricted and * * * * *. At present, clinical research says that the concept of beneficial bacteria has almost no negative research results, and businesses are selling beneficial bacteria with great fanfare. With the current level of understanding of beneficial bacteria, it is difficult to guarantee whether the products of beneficial bacteria can achieve the claimed functions. It is more difficult to ensure that the intestine is acidic than glycolytic lactobacillus and Acetobacter, and it can control the abnormal fermentation caused by harmful bacteria and relieve constipation. Lactase produced by fermentation of Bifidobacterium dairy products helps patients digest lactose, accounting for 80% of lactose tolerance. Lactic acid produced by intestinal fermentation can improve the utilization rate of calcium, phosphorus and iron, promote the absorption of iron and vitamin D to lactic acid bacteria, help protein to digest flatulence, intestinal and systemic toxicity, constipation and insufficient absorption, which lead to the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria, and help to detoxify. Reasons include repeated use of antibiotics, oral contraceptives, aspirin, corticosteroids and poor diet. The antibacterial effect of lactobacillus in the new stomach is earlier than that of non-German bacteria. Baby 6 produces oligosaccharide beneficial bacteria. Children with diarrhea should focus on supplementing non-German beneficial bacteria products from commercial manufacturers, and basically label various beneficial bacteria functions. At present, the purchase of beneficial bacteria in the market has not been in line with international practice, and the function of beneficial bacteria can only be realized by constantly eating specific strains and specific doses of bacteria. Commercial propaganda, research shows that beneficial bacteria have functions, and some functions have nothing to do with bacteria. It is said that all kinds of bacteria can produce effective doses, but the difference is not that every billion yuan is effective, but it needs trillions. Because there is no quality standard for beneficial bacteria products, manufacturers claim that they can rely on the credit guarantee law to regulate the authoritative monitoring of all vacuum belts. Attention should be paid to: the role of beneficial bacteria, the nature of public security joint defense team, the elite nature of special forces, and the effectiveness of many children's diarrhea doctors based on beneficial bacteria. Conclusion: The average diarrhea error of children who eat beneficial bacteria is 36. The average error of diarrhea in children who eat beneficial bacteria is 58, and the negative error is 28. It is effective for spending money on beneficial bacteria. Beibei said that it is difficult to accept the effect recognized by different doctors, but it is said that the effect has improved a little. Statistical analysis shows that there is no problem with the concept that beneficial bacteria have this function. At present, scientific research is limited to the understanding of beneficial bacteria, and food and drug regulatory agencies have not relied on formulating product standards and norms to summarize clinical research experiments. It is another matter that various businesses can blow away their products.
5. What are the functions of probiotics?
1. It maintains the normal function of the intestine, and is the largest immune organ and the largest microecosystem of the human body. The human body slowly interacts with the outside world through the gastrointestinal mucosa, and through its growth and various metabolic effects, it promotes the normalization of intestinal flora, inhibits the production of spoilage substances in the intestine, and maintains the normal operation of intestinal function.
2. Relieve the symptoms of lactose intolerance and promote digestion and absorption. Lactose intolerance refers to the lack of enzymes that metabolize lactose. After ingesting dairy products, there are adverse reactions such as abdominal distension and abdominal pain. The lactase activity of 75% adults in the world shows signs of weakening, and some Asian countries exceed 90%.
It is found that lactic acid bacteria have galactosidase activity, which can obviously reduce lactose concentration and produce lactic acid, which is beneficial to human digestion and absorption. 3. Enhance human immunity Probiotics enter the intestine, on the one hand, they can colonize in the intestine and maintain the balance of intestinal microbial flora; On the other hand, probiotics can directly act on the host's immune system, induce intestinal immunity, and promote the activity of macrophages by enhancing the reactivity of B and T lymphocytes to antigens, thus enhancing the immune function of the body.
4. Probiotics for cancer prevention and tumor suppression can produce some metabolites that inhibit tumor growth, such as polysaccharide, bacteriocin and lactic acid. By inhibiting the production of enzymes that transform carcinogens, activating the immune system, especially the activities of macrophages, NK cells and B lymphocytes, inhibiting cell mutation, and lowering the PH value in the intestine, intestinal peristalsis can eliminate pathogenic toxins and carcinogens in the intestine and reduce the possibility of cancer. 5. Alleviating allergic reactions The study found that the more probiotics in the intestines of normal people, the less likely they are to suffer from allergic diseases.
Probiotics can induce T cells to produce a large amount of IL- 12, inhibit the production of Ig E and effectively prevent allergies. 6. Reducing serum cholesterol Probiotics mainly reduce cholesterol content through assimilation and inhibit the activity of cholesterol synthase (3- hydroxy -3- methylglutaric acid CoA reductase). Through the action of probiotics bile salt hydrolase, bile salts hydrolyzed in small intestine can precipitate with cholesterol in food, reducing the absorption of cholesterol by human body and promoting excretion from feces.
7. Effect of Probiotics on Obesity Intestinal flora imbalance plays a very important role in the occurrence and development of obesity. A large number of experiments have confirmed that obesity can be effectively prevented by ingesting probiotics.
① Restrain appetite and increase satiety: Probiotics can reduce the secretion of gastric growth-promoting hormone by releasing satiety factors such as CCK, GLP- 1, thus reducing food intake, weight loss and fat accumulation. ② Lowering cholesterol: Probiotics reduce cholesterol absorption through assimilation and precipitation.
③ Regulation of intestinal flora: After probiotics enter the intestine, the unbalanced intestinal flora is normalized (the number of Firmicutes decreases and the number of Bacteroides increases), which reduces the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells, reduces the content of LPS in circulation, reduces inflammatory factors and further improves insulin sensitivity. 8. The study on the effect of probiotics on diabetes found that diabetic patients also had intestinal flora imbalance.
Probiotics can attach to intestinal epithelial cells by regulating intestinal flora and beneficial bacteria. Probiotics absorb glucose into bacteria, reducing the absorption of the host, thus lowering the blood sugar level.
In addition, as mentioned above, probiotics can reduce the concentration of LPS in circulation, alleviate inflammatory reaction, improve insulin sensitivity and improve insulin resistance, thus achieving the purpose of preventing diabetes.