The writing process of a paper, from conception to revision and finalization, can be roughly divided into the following six steps. First, determine the topic Generally speaking, the research topic has been determined at the beginning of the research, but the topics of the topic and the paper are not exactly the same, especially for some long-term and wide-ranging educational research topics, it is often necessary to express the research results through several papers. Therefore, the first step in writing a thesis is to determine the topic. Can be consistent with the research topic, can also be inconsistent. Whether it is consistent or not, a good paper title should meet the following requirements: 1. Novel. Truth is constantly developing, and any scientific research is constantly improving and progressing, and educational research is no exception. If the subject you choose is just "standing still" in the circle of predecessors, then educational research will be difficult to develop. So the topic must be novel. Novelty contains two meanings. One is to grasp the latest problems, that is, to have a dynamic level and a groundbreaking topic, which is very novel. Second, it is novel to put forward new questions and new research ideas besides the original ones. 2. It should be very small. The topic of the paper should not be too big, that is, the incision should be small. The topic is too big, and it is easy to write vaguely, especially when writing a paper for the first time. For example, "the management and construction of distance education teachers" is too big to write well. Therefore, teachers should choose some small topics to write according to their own educational practice. For example, the topic of "a preliminary study on the management of teachers in charge of courses" is relatively small and easy to write. Some big topics can be divided into several small topics to make the argument clearer, the content more concentrated and the discussion more profound. It should be noted that we are not opposed to choosing big topics, but as far as the actual situation of teachers is concerned, it is difficult for ordinary teachers to concentrate a lot of time and energy on collecting information, researching and writing articles on big topics. 3. accurate. This means that the title and content of the paper should be worthy of the name, that is, the title should accurately reflect the content of the paper. The title of the paper can be clearly pointed out, such as "Comparative Experiment of Teaching, Discussion and Self-study in College English Teaching"; It can also be unclear about the meaning of the question. For example, "several factors that affect students' online learning" can also be question-based without specifying which factors, such as "how to cultivate students' application ability in professional course teaching" No matter which form is adopted, the topic should accurately reflect the problem to be studied and the content to be discussed. 4. Be brief. The topic should be short and clear, so that people can understand at a glance and immediately understand what the author is going to discuss. If the topic is too long or too difficult, it will affect readers' reading psychology and weaken their interest. For example, the topic "Comparative experiment of teaching, discussion and self-study in college English teaching" is too long, and it can be changed to "Comparative experiment of three teaching methods in college English teaching", omitting nine words. The title is shorter and clearer, and it does not violate the original intention. After reading it, readers can also understand the problems to be studied and expounded in the paper. Second, after the topic of the outline is determined, the writing outline should be drawn up according to the meaning of the question, and the basic framework and overall layout of the paper should be designed and arranged. So the outline is actually a blueprint for the writing and design of a paper. The type of outline. Outlines can generally be divided into simple outlines and detailed outlines. People who are writing for the first time can make the outline as detailed as possible, which makes it easier to write. A good essay writing outline generally needs three things: 1. Arrange the layout of the full text. For example, the arrangement of the main argument and the sub-argument, the logical expansion of the argument, etc. , so that all parts of the paper are closely structured, clear and logical. 2. Arrange the use of materials. Such as the arrangement of basic materials and secondary materials, the materials to be listed under each part and argument, etc. Make a large number of materials collected and accumulated in the research process form a clear and organically integrated whole, and provide fully convincing arguments and facts. 3. Arrange the length of the paper. For example, how many words are in the full text and how many words are in each part. With this arrangement, writing can be more planned and avoid rambling and digressing. As for the length of a paper, there is no regulation. To evaluate the level and quality of a paper, it is not the number of words, but the scientific, academic, theoretical and applied value of the paper. Therefore, the length of the paper should depend on the size of the topic and the amount of information available. Generally speaking, the space is too short to analyze the problem thoroughly. Similarly, it is not easy to write a paper with tens of thousands of words, and it can easily become a pile of information and confusion. Judging from the actual situation of education and scientific research at present, the length of a paper is generally about 4000 to 8000 words, which is more in line with the reader's psychology. Third, after the outline is drawn up, you can write it according to the outline. Because the content of the research is different and the writing level and habits of researchers are different, the writing process of papers is often guided by people. But the following four points are * * * problems in writing, which need attention. 1. Pay attention to the scientific nature of argumentation, reasoning and expression. Thesis is the crystallization of scientific research. Without its scientific nature, it is not a paper. Therefore, in writing, when putting forward arguments, using concepts and making inferences, we should pay full attention to whether it is scientific and rigorous, and any exaggerated expression will reduce the quality of the paper. 2. Pay attention to arguments, arguments, and the logic of arguments. A good paper must have clear arguments, conclusive arguments and rigorous exposition, and form a logical unity among them. Therefore, only opinions without materials will definitely make people feel empty and unconvincing; But if you don't choose, piling up a lot of materials will also make a paper irrelevant and lack depth; With arguments and arguments, but without reasonable and rigorous elaboration, people will still feel confused and confused. Therefore, in the process of writing, researchers should refine and select a large number of collected materials and choose the most valuable arguments to support their arguments. At the same time, in the process of argumentation, it is discussed layer by layer, so that the arguments, arguments and arguments form a strict logical relationship. 3. Pay attention to the organic unity of data and text expression. In order to express the research results scientifically and accurately, data must be provided in a paper, especially papers written mainly by direct research and first-hand information, such as observation reports, investigation reports, experimental reports, measurement reports, etc., and more attention should be paid to data. However, some beginners think that the success of the research can be proved as long as there are data, so a large number of data are listed in the paper. Actually, this view is one-sided. In a paper, data is only the material for analysis, and the main part is written expression. Lack of data will certainly weaken the persuasiveness, and only data will be confused with statistical reports. Therefore, when writing a paper, we should selectively provide representative data, and at the same time pay attention to the layer-by-layer analysis and full discussion of the data, so that the paper has high credibility and theoretical depth. 4. Pay attention to the combination of typical analysis and general analysis. In the past, we paid more attention to typical analysis and demonstrated a certain point of view by dissecting typical cases. In recent years, with the rise of econometric research in education and scientific research, people have turned their attention to overall and general analysis. In fact, the two have their own merits, and the typical analysis is vivid and rich, but it often lacks universal significance. The general analysis is just the opposite. Therefore, when writing a thesis, we should pay attention to the combination of the two in order to be more convincing. For example, in an experimental report on improving the performance of poor students by using mathematics self-study tutoring teaching method. The researcher cited a series of statistical data to analyze the overall situation of the experimental subjects and demonstrated the effective results of the experiment. If we can add some typical examples, such as the change of a poor student's learning habits and learning emotions, we can make the paper richer, more substantial and deeper, so as to show and experiment the achievements more effectively. After writing a paper, you should not only carefully scrutinize the argument and structure of the article, but also carefully consider every sentence, word and even punctuation. When revising a paper, the most likely situation is that it is difficult for the author to give up his own article, knowing that it is redundant, but he never wants to delete it. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "It is not a pity to read it at least twice after writing and try to delete unnecessary words, sentences and paragraphs." So in a certain sense, it can be said that the modification of the article is deletion. By deleting the complex and simplifying it, the argument is more prominent, the argument is more powerful and the text is more refined. 1. Conduct strict self-examination and self-correction. In this regard, it is best to leave the manuscript for a period of time, then keep a certain distance from the article with the eyes of a third party, and read it objectively, which may make it easier to find problems. In short, when writing, you should be able to enter; You should be able to jump out when reviewing. Be "convinced" when writing and "critical" when revising. Even put yourself in the position of the enemy, and find fault with the eggs. The more "harsh" the better. If you revise your paper with a feeling of "self-appreciation", it will be difficult to write. 2. In the process of revising the article, you can also ask the surrounding teachers or peers to review and ask for more revision opinions. As the saying goes, "the authorities are fascinated, and the onlookers are clear." Some problems are difficult for the author to detect and find, but others can easily see them. When you ask others to correct me, you should be sincere and ask for advice sincerely, so that others will meet sincerely. Propose amendments; Second, we should be open-minded, seriously consider the opinions put forward by others, seek their rationality, and seriously revise them. As the saying goes, good articles are made by grinding. A high-quality academic paper is formed on the basis of constant scrutiny and revision. Five, after the revision of the paper, whether it is submitted or participated in academic conferences, it must be copied clearly. With the popularization of computers, it is better to print them out and it is easier to modify them on computers. Signature and confirmation of intransitive verb