Traditional fitter and modern industry

Abstract: With the rapid development of modern industrial enterprises, the shortage of skilled workers will become a bottleneck for further development. Modern industry has caused a lot of job shortages, especially the shortage of skilled workers. As an internship instructor who has worked for many years, what I am talking about here is how to properly solve the contradiction between modern industry and traditional locksmiths in the internship process.

Keywords: traditional locksmith practice

China Library Classification Number: TG93 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1672-3791(2012)10 (a)-0067-02.

With the rapid development of modern industrial enterprises, the shortage of skilled workers will become a bottleneck for further development. Modern industry has caused a lot of job shortages, especially the shortage of skilled workers. In Wuxi, although vocational education has developed rapidly in recent years, there is still a big gap between the vacant positions in various manufacturing industries and the proportion of school graduates, especially some traditional positions, such as the present locksmith major, although graduates can apply for employment in enterprises. But they can't adapt to the needs of enterprises as soon as possible, and these students often have professional study and fitter processing skills training in vocational schools, reaching the skill level stipulated by the labor department and obtaining corresponding qualification certificates. Why can't they adapt to the job demand of the factory as soon as possible? This is the contradiction between skill standards and the actual needs of factories and mines, and it is also the dilemma faced by vocational schools today: on the one hand, students must pass the exam-oriented education of national skill qualification certificates; On the other hand, we should quickly adapt to the needs of enterprise skill quality education. These contradictions need to be solved by the education department and the labor department. As an internship instructor who has worked for many years, what I am talking about here is how to properly solve the contradiction between modern industry and traditional locksmiths in the internship process.

First of all, let's analyze the traditional fitter's exam-oriented education: as can be seen from the textbooks, the pliers processing technology has basically not changed since the 1960s, and it is still a step-by-step process from the most basic skills of pliers processing. These technologies have been proved by several generations of practice, without any defects, and can be said to be the best technology. Practical teaching materials are also based on national skill standards, from scribing, chiseling and sawing. Of course, during the internship, under the guidance of the teacher, students can successfully pass the intermediate skill examination according to this textbook and obtain the corresponding intermediate qualification certificate, but when they arrive at the factory, they will encounter new problems.

Modern industry has basically realized mechanization and semi-automation, and individual enterprises have automated production. For example, the parts processed by traditional locksmiths have been replaced by mechanical processing. For example, chiseling and filing have been replaced by planing and milling, and those with high precision can be ground. With the application and popularization of CNC machinery, CNC equipment can also be used for machining (such as wire cutting and machining center machining), with higher accuracy and labor efficiency. A large number of enterprises want skilled fitters, but the skills assessment of fitters is still the same, and the examination is graded by fitting. China's vocational education law clearly stipulates that vocational education should pay equal attention to academic qualifications and vocational qualification certificates? Double certificate? System. Vocational qualification certificate is the proof of knowledge and technical ability necessary to engage in a certain occupation, and it is an important basis for employers to recruit graduates. Generally speaking, the knowledge content is easy to master, but the skill requirements are not easy to achieve. In practice teaching, we can focus on skills training and ability training according to the needs of employment posts and the standards of job skills assessment to ensure that we pass the vocational skills assessment.

So the traditional fitter is really useless? Actually, it is not. Instead, it is more useful in the factory. Modern enterprises need a large number of high-quality management and technical personnel, and more importantly, a large number of high-quality technical personnel with special skills. I have mastered certain theoretical knowledge, have certain endurance and made rapid progress during my school days. After short-term training in enterprise production line, I can quickly enter the role and be independent.

How to be independent is a problem to be solved in fitter's internship.

The fitter's practice in vocational schools is not only to cope with the assessment of national skills, but more importantly, to understand and master some things to be used in the factory through fitter's practice, so that they can quickly adapt to the skills required by the post after they take up their jobs, which is commonly called post technical content. Here are a few examples to illustrate some problems.

Take the most typical concave-convex fit in locksmith's primary machining as an example, as shown in figure 1.

This is a concave-convex outfit, and the technical level is Grade III in junior high school, which is also what middle school students should do as locksmiths. What is the fit clearance from the technical requirements? 0.05mm, dislocation? 0.08mm In the process of machining, according to the machining accuracy and requirements, effective machining technology and measuring means can basically ensure the fit clearance and size requirements. It doesn't matter much if one or two sizes are wrong, as long as 60 points is a pass. Students take filing as the main processing method in processing, and combine sawing and drilling to remove most of the machining allowance. The key is that the face file is vertical and parallel, and the size is within the tolerance range. The basic knowledge is the processing and measurement of symmetry, and the processing technology is arranged around the fit gap and symmetry. Doing so meets the skill requirements of the workpiece. But in actual production, this kind of concave-convex inlay is also produced, so it is not only a fitter's processing, but also a model, not necessarily made by a fitter. It can use mechanized production to ensure various technical requirements, and the processing quality can also be guaranteed. The fitter only uses deburring and assembly measurement to check. The technical content of deburring fitter is extremely low, and only measurement and assembly inspection can play its due level. After the concave-convex fittings are processed, it is necessary to measure whether they are qualified, how they are qualified and how they are assembled to achieve the best results, which requires students to also involve this aspect in the internship process. Interns should guide students like this.

Firstly, the basic form and position tolerance of the surface during machining is guaranteed, and the concept of size is established.

The size of the journal is defective, and the small size of the hole is defective, that is to say, the more the size is processed, the farther away from the standard is waste, and the defective product can only become genuine after rework. In particular, the key dimensions should not be out of tolerance. However, within the allowable size range, there are also quality hazards. For example, when the size is the maximum or minimum limit size, it will quickly fail due to wear and tear during use, and the specified service life will not be reached, which is also unacceptable.

The second is to use the correct measuring tools and technical means to detect the dimensional and geometric tolerances.

Such as concave-convex fitting, to measure the size of the convex part, we must have a comprehensive understanding of the convex part. Each surface has a positional relationship with the datum, which can be measured by knife-edge ruler, universal protractor, sine gauge block and lever dial indicator. Therefore, different precision grades should be measured by different measuring methods, which should be instilled in practice, instead of measuring verticality with a knife-edge ruler.

There is also the measurement of symmetry, which is guaranteed by accurate calculation and indirect measurement according to the processing sequence during processing, but the measurement method after processing cannot be applied to the processing method, because the measurement benchmark has been processed with defects and it is difficult to measure. One of the reasons is that the school practice equipment is not enough, especially the measuring tools. One of the best methods is to directly measure the depth of both sides with a depth micrometer, and then take the absolute value of the difference as the symmetry to be measured. Of course, there are also dial indicators, projection measuring instruments and so on. These methods should be taught to students in practice, so that students can have perceptual knowledge. Then, they will teach students the way of life in different environments, and they will not be helpless when they encounter some unfamiliar measurement methods. This is the reason to broaden one's horizons, be well informed and draw inferences from one instance to another.

There are also parallelism, surface roughness, flatness, etc., which are comprehensively considered according to the actual use occasions in the specific measurement, especially the surface roughness and flatness, which affect each other and of course affect the position. In teaching, it is done by visual inspection, and it is difficult to have an accurate data. According to the measurement methods listed in Tolerance Fit, students also need to be told to consolidate their knowledge again. Turn abstract concepts into concrete data for students to understand and master well.

The third is reasonable assembly.

Although this workpiece is a simple concave-convex fit, it is also a fitting, and there are also assembly process problems. There is a gap on the mating surface, which is a clearance fit. Generally, clearance fit is a moving part in machinery. If there is a gap, there will be leakage, so the leakage problem must be considered in seals (such as hydraulic components). It is difficult to connect these middle school students with the practice of single fitter. In production, it is reflected by the overall comprehensive quality. It is not simply that a certain size is wrong, but often a wrong size will lead to the scrapping of the whole workpiece. That is to say, the dimensions of all single workpieces are correct, and the quality after matching is also very different. Therefore, in practice, every student should understand the fact that the workpiece he completed is one of all the workpieces. In mass production, he should be able to communicate or communicate in groups, which will cultivate students' overall quality consciousness. Of course, after all the work is completed, it will be disrupted separately for students to test and assemble into the most suitable one. It must be understood that each working procedure is interrelated in processing.

The student's repair work is actually to simulate the process of die processing, similar to the blanking die. The gap size should be the same for correct blanking. Especially the corner cleaning part attracts people's attention. Generally, there is no process hole, but it can't be too clear, otherwise there will be stress problems and damage phenomena such as cracking in production. However, the fillet should not be too large, otherwise the conventional material can not fall, and so on.

In a word, the traditional fitter practice must be changed flexibly, not only to master the basic operation skills of fitter, but also to link with modern production practice, to strengthen the research on assembly technology, and to deeply understand the fitter's processing technology through guidance, so that they can quickly adapt to the post types after taking up their posts, and whether they are quality inspectors, assemblers, maintenance workers or more advanced die fitters, they can be competent with the knowledge and skills they have learned. This is the direction of locksmith's practical development and efforts.

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