Analysis on the Subject of Public Service for Rural Disabled People

With the equalization of basic public services in rural areas and the promotion of new socialist countryside construction, the quality of life of rural residents has been greatly improved, but the existing organization methods of rural disabled people can not obviously improve their quality of life. This paper discusses the service subjects of rural disabled people & government, non-governmental organizations and rural disabled people, and seeks the organizational model to realize the purpose of rural disabled people's organizations.

Keywords:: the main internal motivation of rural disabled organization model

China Library Classification Number C936 Document Identification Code A

The party pointed out that it is necessary to improve the social security and service system for the disabled and effectively protect their rights and interests. It is necessary to substantially improve the urban and rural minimum living standards and rural poverty alleviation standards, and promote the integration of urban and rural development. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the quality of rural public services and improve the rural social security system, especially the rural social security and service system for the disabled. How to make rural disabled people better enjoy and promote rural public services is an urgent topic to be discussed at present. Therefore, the gap between the present situation and expectation of public services for the disabled in rural areas deserves our in-depth consideration and discussion.

Government: attaches great importance to the public * * * unclear responsibility for policy formulation.

The policies that benefit the disabled are not ideal. As every citizen in society, he hopes to have a job that interests him and achieve something. However, as disabled people in rural areas, it is not easy to achieve economic independence, let alone a career, because of physical defects and external conditions. To this end, governments at all levels in China have formulated relevant policies to benefit the disabled, especially those in rural areas. For example, Articles 21 and 22 of the Regulations on Employment of Disabled Persons (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) mentioned that people's governments at all levels and relevant departments should provide targeted employment assistance services for disabled persons with employment difficulties, and the employment service agencies for disabled persons affiliated to the China Disabled Persons' Federation and its local organizations should provide relevant employment services for disabled persons free of charge. At the same time, the state encourages other employment service agencies to provide free services for the employment of disabled people. However, in reality, it is difficult for rural disabled people to find jobs once they leave their domicile. Even if they encounter resistance, they can turn to government organizations or non-governmental organizations for help. However, due to local protectionism and local government achievements, local governments tend to ensure the employment rate of local disabled people first. However, it is not clearly stipulated in the regulations that the beneficiaries of employment service information provided by local governments or employment service agencies for the disabled are limited to local disabled people, not to mention that non-local disabled people cannot enjoy the right to know these employment information. No matter where the household registration is, as long as you hold it. People's Republic of China (PRC) * * and China Disabled Persons' Cards? China citizens who have the ability to work, the local government has the obligation to provide them with employment information, and the right to choose should belong to both the disabled and enterprises.

The reason is that the government has neglected its responsibilities and obligations when formulating the policy of benefiting farmers and helping the disabled. The government is the entrusted agency of the people and pursues the maximization of the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in society. Therefore, the government should shoulder the responsibility of formulating policies to benefit farmers, and at the same time, it should refine its own responsibilities and realize the matching of powers and responsibilities. Moreover, for the rural disabled, the subjective responsibility of the government is particularly important, especially the responsibility of the government's entrusted agent-civil servants. Only by strengthening the government's main responsibility to the rural disabled and emphasizing the responsibility of civil servants to the rural disabled can we better interpret and implement the policy of benefiting farmers and helping the disabled and realize the original intention of policy formulation.

Unreasonable allocation of government organization resources. According to the second national sample survey of disabled people, there are 62.25 million disabled people in rural areas, accounting for 75.04% of the total number of disabled people. Faced with such a huge population base, deep poverty and complex needs, it is difficult for the government to provide fair and effective resources in time. Although governments at all levels have formulated some corresponding policies to benefit farmers and help the disabled, it is difficult to implement them because the policies are too abstract and lack of supporting measures, or because the financial capacity of local governments is easy to become a mere formality, resulting in too centralized or decentralized resource allocation, which is a drop in the bucket to solve the poverty problem of rural disabled people. 20 10 national monitoring of the disabled shows that although the disabled have improved greatly as a whole, the social gap is still obvious. Poverty of the disabled in the western region is the difficulty and focus of the cause of the disabled in China. The base of disabled people in the western region is large, and the foundation for the development of disabled people is weak, especially in rural areas.

The reason is that China's available resources are limited, and the national policy of benefiting farmers and helping the disabled cannot meet the needs of rural disabled people in all areas. Moreover, the policy resources for helping the disabled are mainly concentrated in the central government, and the information channels for the central government to obtain the wishes of the disabled are too long, resulting in the lack of authenticity of the information received. The central government often makes policies based on some sampling data and judgment of the situation. The government itself is self-interested, so it will formulate relevant policies based on the starting point of the government, inadvertently ignoring and weakening the wishes of the disabled themselves. For example, when the state allocates employment training tasks for the disabled, it does not consider the fit between the training projects and the disabled, that is, it determines the number of people trained and supported by each project.

The coverage of government organizations' policies benefiting the disabled is narrow. On the basis of certain investigation and demonstration, combined with its own weaknesses and rural life characteristics, the government has formulated a policy of benefiting farmers and helping the disabled, covering a wide range. However, in the implementation of the policy, many rural disabled people did not enjoy the policy of benefiting the people with disabilities. Moreover, there are also differences between urban and rural areas in the policy of benefiting the people with disabilities, and the subsidy standard for rural disabled people is low. For example, before 20 14 in Fujian province, people with living difficulties did not include hearing, speech and multiple severe disabilities. The living difficulties of severely disabled people in urban and rural areas shall be subsidized within 20 yuan/month/person. 20 yuan doesn't seem to be much subsidy, but it can improve the living standards of rural areas with low rural consumption level. In terms of medical assistance, nine medical rehabilitation programs for the disabled, such as comprehensive training, paraplegic limb comprehensive training, occupational therapy, cognitive and perceptual dysfunction training, speech training, swallowing dysfunction training and assessment of daily living ability, are not reflected in the scope of the new rural cooperative medical system.

The reason is the lack of effective supervision in policy implementation, and the policy has not been strictly implemented. Governments at all levels have their corresponding supervision departments for policy implementation, but at present, the supervision system focuses more on external supervision, and the subject of external supervision lacks detailed understanding of the policy itself and insufficient grasp of policy information. Therefore, they are limited to one point or one side to think, not the overall situation, and the supervision effect is not great. The main body of internal supervision lacks initiative, resulting in insufficient supervision.

Deviation of government organizations' policy of benefiting the disabled. What is the current policy of benefiting the people with disabilities in China? Blood transfusion? Mainly? Hematopoiety? Auxiliary. Although blood transfusion can relax muscles and collaterals and solve the living difficulties of the disabled, it has a quick effect, but it lacks stamina and is difficult to truly realize the self-reliance of the disabled, which violates the original intention of the policy of benefiting the people of the disabled. The general economic conditions of disabled people in rural areas in China are poor, and it is only a temporary emergency to send money and materials. Many poverty alleviation projects are extensive? Flood irrigation? Only blood transfusion does not produce blood, and the pertinence is not strong. Help work should not only help the poor by blood transfusion, but also help the poor by hematopoiesis. Blind blood transfusion to help the poor can only solve the temporary difficulties of the masses, is it easy to grow? Wait a minute. Want it? Dependent thinking. For example, in August, 2065438+2005, the author made a survey in rural areas of XX county, and found that many people recognized subsistence allowances and were unwilling to participate in skills training programs organized by the county disabled persons' Federation to make a living.

The reason is that the purpose of the government to organize rural disabled people is clear: to improve the quality of life of rural disabled people, cultivate their self-care ability, and form? Hematopoiety? Get rid of poverty and get rich, but the way needs further deliberation. The cause of the disabled in China developed relatively late. At the beginning, it was chosen to solve the survival problem of disabled people in rural areas as soon as possible. Blood transfusion? Help the disabled, so that their lives are basically guaranteed. With the development of China's economy, the living standards of disabled people in rural areas have improved to a certain extent. Continue to adopt? Blood transfusion? The way to help the disabled, rural disabled people can only become the national economic development? Burden? . The high government subsidy can only temporarily alleviate the difficulties faced by the disabled, but it does not fundamentally improve their quality of life. On the contrary, it increases the financial burden of the government. Non-governmental organizations: emphasize the deviation of cooperative volunteering of policy implementation organizations.

Non-governmental organizations lack initiative in implementing policies that benefit the disabled. Non-governmental organizations in China are an effective complement to government organizations. In the field of disabled people, as non-governmental organizations, disabled people's federations at all levels have assumed the responsibility of implementing public policies. At present, the main task of grass-roots disabled persons' federations is to implement the tasks and indicators assigned by higher-level units. For example, China's rural disabled employment training mainly relies on the Disabled Persons' Federation to promote, and there are too many model trainings, and the training content is out of touch with jobs and lacks pertinence; Training pays attention to the process, but ignores the result; The training method is single, the teachers are weak, and there is no effective monitoring, so the training quality cannot be guaranteed. For example, from August 2065438 to August 2005, when the author went to XX county to conduct field research on the training of the rural disabled people's breeding industry, he found that the training notice of the county disabled persons' Federation clearly stated the age requirement: 16 ~ 60 years old, but 5% of the participants were still over 60 years old, and the training content was completed in only 2 hours. How can such a short training ensure the quality of training and the realization of training objectives? There is only one function, that is, these people have participated in training.

The reason is the lack of initiative in the work of grassroots disabled persons' federations. Disabled persons' federations at all levels should conduct basic research and demonstration on the local rural situation, industrial structure, market demand and the situation of rural disabled persons before organizing training for rural disabled persons, then determine feasible projects, conduct effective training according to the specific requirements of the projects, strive to cultivate a group of people who realize ideal employment status, and try to explore order-based training. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a stable teacher training team or rely on the corresponding institutions with training qualifications to follow up and guide the project after implementation. Only when the project is sustainable can people's enthusiasm for participation be enhanced.

Non-governmental organizations lack innovation in promoting entrepreneurship for the disabled. When the local disabled persons' federations at all levels implement the policy of benefiting farmers and helping the disabled at higher levels, they habitually decompose the indicators and complete the tasks involved in the policy step by step. When assigning tasks to help rural disabled people choose employment projects, grassroots disabled persons' federations are often influenced by self-awareness, guided by conservative vision and empiricism, ignoring modern scientific and technological projects, focusing on basic employment-planting and aquaculture, focusing on traditional agriculture and animal husbandry, limited to paradigm projects with successful employment and entrepreneurial experience, and lacking pioneering and innovative spirit. For example, in the current period of large-scale application of mechanization, there are still a large number of rural disabled people who do not need modern machinery because they have no funds to buy modern machinery and there are no local agricultural machinery cooperatives.

The reason is that grass-roots units are locked in thinking when organizing the employment of rural disabled people, which leads to limited project selection. With the development of the information age, the requirements for science and technology are getting higher and higher. Traditional entrepreneurial projects can no longer bring satisfactory economic benefits to rural disabled people. The concept of helping the disabled by grassroots disabled persons' federations should also keep pace with the times and change with the development of the times.

There is a lack of cooperation between auxiliary welfare enterprises and NGOs. With the development of market economy, the competition among enterprises is becoming more and more fierce. Some welfare enterprises that provide jobs for rural disabled people are often at a disadvantage in terms of technical talents, management level, production scale and product quality. The Disabled Persons' Federation's auxiliary measures for welfare enterprises are not in place, which makes many welfare enterprises struggle to survive and cannot provide employment opportunities and jobs for more disabled people. For example, after the Huangshi municipal government formulated a preferential policy of 35,000 yuan for welfare enterprises in 2007, it is raising the minimum wage of disabled workers from 350 yuan to 750 yuan every month. Moreover, all kinds of insurance paid by enterprises for disabled employees are also increasing year by year, but the tax allowance for each disabled employee has not increased simultaneously. As a result, the operating costs of welfare enterprises are getting higher and higher, and enterprises that are already in a state of low profit are in a state of loss or on the verge of loss. According to statistics, before the policy adjustment, there were 57 welfare enterprises/KLOC-0 in Huangshi in 2005, and about 4,000 disabled employees were resettled. After the policy adjustment, there were only 75 disabled workers in 20 10, and only 1838 disabled workers were placed in 201. In order to ensure the centralized employment of disabled people in rural areas, welfare enterprises urgently need subsidy measures to increase profits.

The reason is that the Disabled Persons' Federation failed to actively cooperate with and assist the development of welfare enterprises. Welfare enterprises are special enterprises that place disabled people with working ability in employment. The development of welfare enterprises is inseparable from the subsidy measures of the Disabled Persons' Federation, and the centralized employment of rural disabled persons organized by the Disabled Persons' Federation is inseparable from the support of welfare enterprises. The lack of subsidy measures for welfare enterprises by the Disabled Persons' Federation will make welfare enterprises at a disadvantage in enterprise competition, resulting in a decrease in the number of welfare enterprises and a low employment rate of disabled people in rural areas.

Disabled people in rural areas: lack of internal drive to participate in the policy of helping the disabled

Family protection, the enthusiasm of rural disabled people to join organizations is blocked. Disabled people are placed in families? Alternative protection? State, most families of the disabled will not expect any development of the disabled, what contribution they can make to the family and society. The disabled family gave up the disabled from the beginning, or? Protection and care? As long as people can do it well, they are rarely allowed to do it. If they are not given a chance to try, the disabled will gradually not want to do anything. Because of their physical obstacles, they have a lot of inconvenience in communicating with the outside world compared with healthy people. Their ambivalence affects their understanding of the problem, and some people in society are biased against the disabled. Under the dual function, disabled people often feel a certain degree of psychological depression, think they are different, and are unwilling to join rural mutual aid organizations for the disabled.

The reason is that rural disabled people have serious frustration. They can't overcome the discrimination and inferiority of others in group activities. Disabled people who suffer from some kind of physical and mental defects and functional loss due to congenital inheritance or accidents have lost the ability to live as healthy people. They can't treat their physical disabilities correctly and optimistically, and often have a serious inferiority complex. They often think that they are inferior and despised by society, so they don't want to associate with others, and their personalities become more and more withdrawn, gradually demoralized, and finally lose confidence in life. At the same time, some rural disabled people with high enthusiasm for life are often treated differently, not understood or even rejected when looking for jobs in the face of fierce market competition. In the work of helping the disabled, the government or non-governmental organizations occasionally ignore the demands of individual disabled people because of their large groups and strong cases, which makes them feel left out psychologically.

Physical obstacles, the proportion of rural disabled people participating in work is low. The process of social marketization has led to the development and changes of the labor market, which has caused obstacles to the employment of rural disabled people. Under the background of social transformation, the development and changes of the labor market lead to the improvement of job requirements, which objectively widens the distance from the employment ability of rural disabled people and affects the employment of rural disabled people. In addition, the serious imbalance between the supply and demand of labor force in the whole society has also caused the unemployment rate of rural disabled people to be much higher than the social average. ? Strong group? There is a big gap in employment demand, not to mention rural disabled people who can't meet the efficient production needs of enterprises.

The reason is determined by the disadvantages of rural disabled people themselves. Compared with healthy people, rural disabled people have double disadvantages: as rural people, they are at a disadvantage in economy and education; Being a physical or psychological disadvantage for the disabled. Rural disabled people have physical or psychological defects, which makes it difficult for rural disabled people to compare their work efficiency with healthy people even if they try hard. The backward skills of rural disabled people can't adapt to the improvement of job demand. Under the condition of serious imbalance between labor supply and demand, rural disabled people are facing great employment and re-employment challenges.

With a low level of education, rural disabled people have limited knowledge of organizational style. Rural disabled people's cognitive ability of new things is weak, they lack the motivation to participate in rural disabled people's organizations, and they have no clear grasp of the connotation and function of rural disabled people's organizations. When they join a group or an activity, the first consideration is what material benefits this group or activity can bring them, and the ideal thing is to see the results immediately. I don't care how, why and what they need to do together. This also leads to the establishment of rural disabled economic cooperatives because of the support of all parties, but with their unclear identification and ownership of this organization, there will be many variables in the development of the organization.

The reason is that disabled people in rural areas have a low level of education. There is a certain gap between urban and rural economic development and education level in China, and the education level in rural areas lags far behind that in cities and towns. As a disabled person living in rural areas, his education level is not ideal. Rural thinking is relatively backward, thinking that disabled people are born with defects, and it is enough to live a stable life. Let them do some housework as much as they can, and what's more, do nothing. They think that learning culture is simply a waste of the few savings at home. Moreover, the current formal school education in rural areas is not ideal, and special education schools are relatively concentrated.

With the rapid development of science and technology, the lack of knowledge and culture of rural disabled people has become an obstacle to their integration into society and a stumbling block to employment and entrepreneurship. Therefore, in order to realize the voluntary organization or membership of rural disabled people, it needs the strong support of education. The accumulation of knowledge can stimulate the internal drive of rural disabled people, which is the key to realize the purpose of rural disabled people's organizations.

(The authors are associate professors at the School of Administration of Changchun University and professors at Kansai University in Japan; This article is the report of the Ministry of Education 20 14? Spring plan? Phased achievements of Sino-Japanese cooperation project, project number: 20 14JB306W08)

To annotate ...

① Opinions of Fujian Provincial People's Government on further strengthening the work of helping the disabled,

② He Zhihong and Xiong Hui:? Investigation and suggestions on the development status of welfare enterprises in Huangshi city? ,

Did you get a look at him? Guidance paper on entrepreneurship for disabled people? People still see:

1. Demonstration paper on entrepreneurship for the disabled

2. Case analysis of entrepreneurship guidance for the disabled

3. Appreciation of two papers on entrepreneurship for the disabled

4. Entrepreneurial stories of disabled people; Inspirational stories of disabled people's entrepreneurship

5. Survey report on the needs of persons with disabilities