Silk is known as the "queen" of the textile family, which symbolizes the unique position of the owner and embodies the elegant taste of the wearer. Although silk accounts for only one thousandth of the total consumption of textile fibers and belongs to a small industry in the textile family, 80% of China's silk industry for export was listed as a typical export-oriented industry in China in 2004, and its unique advantages in raw material resources and powerful international products are incomparable.
However, compared with the advanced developed countries in the world, China still has a long way to go in developing the diversification and diversity of silk products. In the process of global economic integration, it is imperative and the only way to further prosper the "Silk Road" for centuries.
In recent years, the production equipment and technology of China silk weaving industry have been upgraded in an all-round way, and the development process can be summarized as from water jet to air jet, from single jet to multi-jet, from flat knitting machine to jacquard, and from medium speed to high speed.
The development of shuttleless looms began in the 1970s, and later loom models such as water jet, rapier, gripper, air jet and multi-shuttle box appeared one after another. Since 1980s, shuttleless looms have been combined with modern advanced technologies such as computer, sensing technology and variable frequency speed regulation, which further strengthened the adaptability of such looms to small batch and multi-variety production, and at the same time comprehensively improved the appearance and internal quality of products.
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the technical level of the silk industry in China, the pace of scientific and technological innovation has also been accelerated, especially computers, e-commerce platforms and modern information processing have been fully utilized in all directions. The most typical example is that the popularization of computers has completely eliminated the vertical reeling car that has been followed for a hundred years, thus greatly improving the level of automatic reeling in the silk industry.
Jiangsu Shengze is a famous silk capital, and it is the best in the country in terms of equipment renewal. In the 1980s, Shengze imported a large number of advanced silk printing and dyeing equipment from abroad, and at the same time introduced world-class modern high technology, thus gaining new development momentum. At present, Shengze has more than 60,000 shuttleless looms, which is the highest density silk weaving production base in China.
Foreign silk import equipment is generally controlled by computer programs. From market information to the design of product pattern, color and fabric structure, from reeling to silk weaving, printing and dyeing, computers can be found. Using computer monitoring and auxiliary means, the small batch and multi-variety business model can be realized completely. Electromechanical integration has become the main feature of the development of international textile machinery. Almost all jacquard machines and circular knitting machines are equipped with electronic jacquard devices.
Nowadays, the problem that silk processing equipment still faces in China and even the world is how to successfully solve the combination of ancient and modern, tradition and innovation, inheritance and development, technology and technology, electronics and weaving, printing and dyeing and environmental protection, high quality and efficiency, development and ecology, diversity and practicality. It is suitable for looms equipped with high-speed weft insertion rate, positive let-off, rapid shaft change, new shedding loom frame, programmable program, intelligent control, microelectronics technology and high automation level, including front-end equipment such as modern warping technology integrating machinery, electricity, liquid and gas, and post-finishing devices such as micro-suspension dyeing, digital printing technology, biological enzyme treatment and plasma processing.
Among them, the reliability of silk-making equipment is the key, and reliability is the crux of the gap between domestic equipment and foreign advanced level.
At present, the domestic sales volume of domestic textile equipment is only about 6,543,800+0,000 units. However, according to conservative estimates, the demand for textile equipment in China textile industry is as high as 20,000 to 30,000 sets every year.
In the field of raw material application, China has also made remarkable scientific achievements, such as deciphering the mystery of silkworm genome and successfully cultivating natural colored cocoons; Overcome the technical difficulties of automatic reeling and vacuum infiltration cocoon cooking; Completely mastered the ultrastructure of silk fiber; In-depth study on the tensile properties of domestic silk forced drawing forming and achieved results; Sericin and silk fibroin extracted from silk-making by-products have been popularized and applied; Successfully developed new all-silk differential textile materials such as tie/mulberry elastic yarn and expanded elastic yarn; Silk fibroin functional nanofibers were prepared by electronic spinning. New environmentally-friendly dyes, auxiliaries and supporting processes for silk have come out.
In terms of fabric structure, some achievements have been made in overcoming silk difficulties such as wrinkle resistance, shrinkage resistance and fading resistance, and they have been applied to heavy silk, silk georgette, silk-like chemical fiber, computer embroidered velvet and so on. The added value of the product has doubled.
The composite technology of silk textile has also been continuously improved, which is mainly reflected in: the composite technology and processing technology of chemical fibers; Mixing and compounding of natural fibers; Composite materials of natural fibers and chemical fibers; Combination of multiple functions; Composite materials of various fabrics, such as double-layer bonded composite, inlaid composite and "sandwich" composite.
China silk industry has both advantages and disadvantages. At present, China's silk export enterprises mainly compete for international market share by increasing the number, which has aggravated the price chaos in the domestic silk market to some extent.
Because the export price has been declining year after year, the export price of silk and its satin is only 50~60% of that of ten years ago. In fact, in recent years, China's silk and silk exports have fallen into a strange circle of rising volume and price.
Although China's silk industry has excellent advantages in raw material production and supply, it has never had a well-known brand with considerable market share in the world. The international objective evaluation of China silk still stays at "China's raw silk can rank among the expensive and elegant fashions only after Italian post-processing or French post-finishing".
Therefore, from 2002, China Silk Association began to attach importance to the approval and registration of high-grade silk signs. On this basis, in 2004, the domestic silk industry listed five brands of all-silk silk products (Camellia, Wanshili, Furun, JinFuchun and Xinyuan) as "well-known trademarks in China", and awarded the first batch of 17 enterprises (including silk scarves, ties, silk garments and other processing enterprises) the right to use high-grade silk symbols. Obviously, China silk industry has embarked on the road of promoting industrial upgrading with brands.
On the one hand, the implementation and promotion of the high-grade silk logo shows the firm will and support of the China government to further strengthen the competitiveness of domestic silk products in the world market; on the other hand, it fully shows that the products of China silk enterprises are entering a brand-new period of sublimation from cheap low-grade products to high-end industrial chains.