1 bulbous flowers originated in China.
There are many kinds of bulbous flowers and horticultural varieties, which are produced in temperate zone, subtropical zone and part of tropical zone, with different growth habits, and usually require higher environmental conditions for propagation and cultivation. According to cultivation habits, it can be divided into spring bulbs (mostly native to South Africa, Central and South America and Mexican Plateau) and autumn bulbs (mostly native to Mediterranean coast, Asia Minor, Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and eastern North America). ).
In the application of Chinese gardens, the growth and ecological habits of bulbous flowers should be fully considered. Spring bulbs generally have high growth temperature and are not cold-tolerant, so they can be used in the Yangtze River basin and in the open field in South China. Autumn bulbs have strong cold tolerance, but they are not resistant to summer heat, so they can be widely used in the Yangtze River basin and the northern region. The Yangtze river basin in China is located in the climate separation zone between north and south, and most bulbs planted in spring and autumn can grow well.
There are not many kinds of bulbous flowers native to China (Table 1), but they have great development potential in garden application because of their strong adaptability, simple and extensive cultivation management and the ability to reflect the landscaping characteristics of local plants.
Table 1 Main Bulb Flowers Originated in China
Species, scientific names, ecological habits and garden uses of origin
Alisma orientalis, a perennial marsh plant, likes light. Hua Lun has an umbrella shape. The foliage in the north of China can be used as a wetland.
The flowers of Bletilla striata are purplish red, and the flowering period is April-May. I like cool climate. The western and southeastern provinces of China are often planted in sparse forests or gaps on the edge of forests, and can also be decorated in shady flower beds, flower borders or courtyard corners.
Lily of the valley is a kind of lily of the valley, with milky white flowers and fragrant smell. The flowering period is from April to May. I like semi-cloudy and humid environment. Cold-resistant Northeast China and Qinling Mountains should be used as undergrowth ground cover flowers, or planted on forest edges and lawn slopes.
Water chestnut is a perennial shallow water herb, which likes light. The aboveground part is a leaflike stem. Water view leaves in southern China.
Flower ginger is pure white and fragrant. I like warm and humid climate, and I like semi-cloudy weather. It is planted in courtyards, flower beds and flower borders from south to southwest of China for flower appreciation and leaf appreciation.
Lilium lancifolium Lilium lancifolium Lilium lancifolium is orange-red, and the flowering period is July-August. Sexual cold tolerance. Sparse forests, lawns, pavilions and pavilions should be planted in all parts of China, or as foundation planting.
China Lycoris radiata has strong adaptability and cold tolerance. Flowers yellow or orange, flowering in July-August. Nanjing and Yixing in China are most suitable as undergrowth ground cover plants. It can also be planted in flowers or used for natural arrangement beside rocks between streams.
Lotus is a perennial aquatic plant, which likes sunshine and warm environment and has strong cold tolerance. The flowering period is from June to September. Good materials for beautifying water surface and decorating pavilions or potted plants all over China.
Sagittarius sagittarius is a perennial erect aquatic herb, semi-negative. The shape of leaves varies greatly. All of China? Look at the leaves and flowers by the water.
The flowering period of Taiwan Province Zizyphus jujuba is from July to August. Hi-light, semi-shade tolerance, cold tolerance and drought tolerance. Flower beds are widely distributed in northeast to southwest China in spring. They can also be planted on grass slopes or used as undergrowth vegetation, or equipped with flower borders and rock gardens.
Trillium is cold-resistant and shade-tolerant, and likes acidic yellow soil. Kobanawa purple berries. Asia is suitable for undergrowth vegetation.
2 the application of bulbous flowers in gardens
2. 1 Used in garden flower border and courtyard.
Bulb flower is one of the main plant materials to create a garden flower border, which is not only simple to plant, labor-saving to maintain, and does not need to be replaced frequently, but also reflects seasonal changes. More importantly, bulbous flowers can bring rich colors to the flower border. At present, some common bulbous flowers have been applied to the flower border and achieved good landscaping effect. A full understanding of the growth characteristics of bulbous flowers, such as plant height, color and natural flowering period (Table 2), is helpful for better application of bulbous flowers.
Table 2 Common bulbous flowers in garden flower border
Scientific name, flowering period and color of plants
Canna grandiflora 100 ~ 150 ivory, yellow, orange and pink June ~10 month
Dahlia 60~ 150 white, yellow, orange, pink, red and purple June ~ 10.
Hyacinthus orientalis, hyacinthus orientalis, from March 20th to 30th to April, there are purple, red, blue, purple and white.
Tuberose 30~60 white, yellow, blue and purple in May ~ June.
Lycoris radiata 30~60 bright red August ~ September
Lycoris flavescens 30~60 August ~ September
Grape hyacinthus orientalis 10~30 is light blue, flesh red and white from March to April.
Narcissus pseudonarcissus is yellow from April to April.
Oxalis korshinskii 10~30 is light red, and the powder is 4~ 1 1 month.
Tulipa Gesneria 20~80 white, yellow, pink and purple March ~ May.
Candida westerly 15~20 white 7~ 1 1 month
Allium tuberosum flower west wind 15 ~ 20 pink June ~ August
Bulb flowers can not only be widely used in flower borders, but also be excellent plant materials for garden planting. Bulb flowers have the characteristics of convenient bulb communication, simple planting, relatively extensive management, and good landscaping effect when in full bloom, and are often used for outdoor potted plants and balcony hanging box cultivation.
The horticultural varieties of bulbous flowers are very rich. For example, there are more than 8,000 varieties of tulips, and there are more than 3,000 registered varieties. There are as many as 2000 species of narcissus registered in the Netherlands. Many of them are suitable for garden planting. At present, in Europe and America, more than 60% of the seed ball sales market comes from home gardening. With the continuous improvement of the living conditions of urban and rural residents in China, the home gardening market has begun to emerge, and some professional golfers in the Netherlands and other countries have also begun to target the courtyard sales market in China, believing that bulbous plants will really enter the family in the near future.
2.2 Suitable for waterscape configuration
Aquatic bulbs are often planted in waterside lakes to decorate and make the landscape vivid, and are often used as the main landscape plant materials in waterscape gardens or swamp gardens. Not only common emergent and floating plants such as lotus and water lily, but also some bulbous flowers adapted to swamp or low humidity environment such as Alisma orientalis, Sagittarius, narcissus and calla lily have also been applied to garden waterscape. In the completed waterscape layout of the west line of West Lake in Hangzhou, a large number of bulbous flowers such as golden leaf canna, big flower canna, purple leaf canna, arrowhead, water lily, water chestnut, Alisma orientalis and chlorophytum are used, which are mainly planted in clusters near the water, in harmony with the clear lake and mottled lakeshore, attracting tourists to stop and linger.
A large number of aquatic bulbous flowers planted in natural water bodies also have special ecological functions, which are an important part of wetland ecological benefits and can realize the perfect combination of plant landscaping and ecological environment protection.
2.3 applied to garden forest cover
Ground cover plants require low plants, covering the ground, simple maintenance and leaves, flowers and fruits with strong ornamental value [2]. Modern garden ground cover plants have the development trend of colorization and beautification, and flower-appreciating ground cover plants are an important choice. There are many kinds of bulbous flowers that can meet this requirement, so they can be widely used as ground cover plants.
Oxalis rubra is an excellent ground cover material with low plants, lush leaves, numerous small flowers and long flowering period. Lily of the valley is white and fragrant, planted on the edge of forest and lawn slope, which has strong visual and olfactory attraction; Iris bulbifera has a graceful posture and a tall stalk, and it works well when planted on the grassland by the lake. Lycoris radiata is an ideal ground cover plant with lush green leaves in winter and planted in patches on the edge of grassland or under sparse forests. Welsh onion is low and tidy, with lush flowers and long flowering period, which is most suitable for planting under forests and slopes; Bletilla striata has strong adaptability and bright colors, and is often planted naturally under sparse forests or forest margins, which is quite wild.
Perennial flowers are often used as garden ground cover and flower border. Compared with them, the ground cover application of bulbous flowers also has its advantages. For example, the flower viewing effect is strong, the flowers do not need pruning after withering, and the reproduction is small and it is not easy to cause biological invasion. Many bulbous flowers, such as narcissus, crocus and hyacinthus orientalis, can be planted continuously for more than 2 years without digging holes.
2.4 Other garden applications
With the acceleration of urbanization in China, bulb flowers, as an important part of urban landscape flowers, have attracted more and more attention. It has been widely used in urban reconstruction, green space construction and residential greening. In particular, bulbous flowers with strong growth adaptability such as Lycoris radiata, Oxalis purpurea and Canna are often used as pioneer plant materials in a large number of new green spaces.
2.5 Application of Common Bulb Flower Configuration in Gardens
The garden application of common bulbous flowers has been quite mature. In the Yangtze River basin, cold-resistant autumn bulbs play a particularly important role, especially in flower border landscaping. For example, tulips, hyacinthus orientalis, daffodils and hyacinthus orientalis are important flowers in early spring. Every year, dozens of parks in China use large areas of tulips to plant tulips as flower borders, and arrange them in strips, and arrange other bulbous flowers such as hyacinthus orientalis, narcissus, grape hyacinthus orientalis, saffron, Fritillaria and onion, which can not only enrich the plant landscape, but also stagger the flowering period of a single variety and prolong the overall flowering period. Canna has a strong habit and a long flowering period. Often used as large-scale natural planting or strip planting, it has become the main landscape flower choice in cities such as Dalian. Lycoris radiata has bright colors, peculiar patterns and lush green leaves in winter. Often mixed with perennial flowers or biennial flowers to make up for the gap between these flowering plants falling leaves in winter. Dahlia is an excellent potted flower material, but it can also be planted in large groups in garden green space. The whole flower is particularly spectacular and has a strong visual impact. Oxalis, bletilla striata, canna, chlorophytum, etc. You can also decorate the garden sketch or configure the rock garden. These bulbous flowers have been widely used in gardens and recognized by people because of their high ornamental value.