Question 2: Specific operation of total station (coordinate measurement) Step 1: There is a conversion formula between geodetic coordinates and drawing coordinates on the general plan (the coordinate point generally provided by the owner is the geodetic coordinates of 1985 Xi 'an coordinate system). First, the geodetic coordinates are converted into graphic coordinates.
Step 2: 1. Set up a total station to adjust and center (change the point to a measuring station, and set up a prism at another point (that is, the back viewpoint) synchronously.
Selection: program-lofting (or measurement):
A. assign homework (this cannot be done).
B station setting: enter the point number-confirm-enter the coordinates of the point-finish.
C instrument height: measure the height from the ground to the center line of the eyepiece with a box ruler, and input.
D, orientation: input the points and coordinates of the rear viewpoint, and do ranging-recording-redundant measurement after confirmation? (According to your own situation, you can generally choose No)
F, Start: Select the set point-after inputting the coordinates, rotate the total station to make the horizontal angle of the instrument 0.000, and lock the left and right selection buttons of the instrument.
E, command the runner, put the prism in the position that can be observed from the eyepiece of the total station, and measure the distance. According to the display on the screen, command the runner to move back and forth along the observation line until the screen shows that the horizontal distance is 0.
At this point, the lofting was successfully changed.
Question 3: Detailed steps of coordinate measurement with total station and function introduction of total station.
1. Angle observation
(1) function: horizontal and vertical angles can be measured.
(2) Method: Like theodolite, if the horizontal angle ∠ AOB is to be measured, then:
1) When the accuracy requirement is not high:
Aim at point A-zero (0 setting)-aim at point B, and write down the size of the horizontal dial HR.
2) When the accuracy is high, the observation set method can be used.
The operation steps are the same as those of theodolite, only press "H SET" when configuring dial.
2. Distance measurement
Setting of PSM and PPM-before ranging, measuring coordinates and lofting.
1) prism constant (PSM) setting.
Universal: prism =0 (original prism), -30mm (domestic prism)
2) Setting of atmospheric correction number (PPM) (multiplication constant).
Enter temperature (temp) and pressure (press) during measurement, or enter PPM value after calculation.
(1) function: it can measure the horizontal distance HD, the height difference VD and the oblique distance SD (the height difference and oblique distance between the total station lens point and the prism lens point).
(2) Method: aim at the prism point and press "MEAS".
3. Coordinate measurement
(1) function: you can measure the three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, h) of the target point.
(2) Measurement principle
If input: azimuth, station coordinates (,); Measurement: horizontal angle and horizontal distance. There are:
Azimuth:
Coordinates:
If input: station elevation s, measured: instrument height i, prism height v, horizontal distance and vertical angle, there are:
Elevation:
(3) Methods:
Input station S (X, y, h), instrument height I and prism height V-aiming at the rear view point B, set the reading of the horizontal dial to-aiming at the target prism point T, and press "Measure" to display the three-dimensional coordinates of the point T..
4, point lofting (layout)
(1) function: Mark the plane position and filling height of point P on site according to the coordinates of point P that need to be set out.
(2) the principle of lofting
1) Set a prism at the approximate position and measure the coordinates of the current position.
2) comparing the current coordinates with the coordinates of the points to be lofting to obtain the distance difference dD and the angle difference dHR or the longitudinal difference δ x and the lateral difference δ Y. ..
3) According to the displayed dD, dHR or δ X and δ Y, gradually find the location of the lofting point.
5, program measurement (program)
(1) data collection
(2) Coordinate layout
(3) Angle measurement (MLM), hanging height measurement (REM), area measurement (area), rear intersection, etc.
(4) Data storage management. Including data transmission and data file operations (renaming, deleting and querying).
7.2 Introduction to the Use of Topcon GTS-3 12 Total Station
I. Appearance and function description of dashboard
The main functions on the panel are as follows:
-Enter the coordinate measurement mode key.
-Enter the distance measurement mode key.
Ang- key enters angle measurement mode.
The menu key enters the main menu measurement mode.
ESC- used to interrupt the ongoing operation and return to the previous menu.
Power supply-the key to power supply.
-Move the cursor left and right.
▲-Move the cursor up and down to turn the screen.
F 1, F2, F3 and F4 soft function keys, whose functions correspond to the commands displayed in the corresponding positions on the display screen.
Meaning of symbols displayed on the display screen:
V- vertical reading; HR- horizontal reading (right counting); HL- horizontal reading (counting to the left);
Hd->>
Question 4: How to get the coordinates of the total station is up to you. If it doesn't need to be very accurate, just set up an instrument at the known coordinate point and get the coordinates through coordinate measurement. If you need high precision, it depends on your choice. There are two methods: polar coordinate method and rear intersection method. 1, polar coordinate method a, set up instruments at known points, and look back. Let's not talk about intermediate level, precision level and accuracy. B the prism can be a hand-held centering rod or a single prism rod, depending on the accuracy you want. Of course, if high precision is needed, the pedestal can be used for setting. C, select the menu, and select the program-polar coordinate method. Collimation error, measurement error and calculation error. Save. 2. The rear intersection method. A, need to have more than 2 known points, the instrument set up in the unknown point. B, the prism stands at the known point A, aiming, measuring, next point, aiming at point B, measuring, and if more is needed, next point, measuring. If not, after aiming at point B, confirm the calculation, display the error and save it.
Question 5: Why do you want to set up a station for measuring coordinates with total station? In fact, the total station is the same as the theodolite in the past, except that it is a combination of angle measurement of general theodolite and edge measurement of steel ruler.
In the past, the angle was measured by optical theodolite, and the edge was measured by steel ruler. The coordinates of the new measuring point were calculated by the known point coordinates and the known edge orientation.
Total station is also used for angle measurement and laser ranging, and then the coordinates of new measuring points are calculated by internal calculation program through known point coordinates and known azimuth.
In fact, using a total station to measure points is the same as the general theodolite in the past, except that your manual work is integrated to form an automatic calculation. To put it bluntly, the calculation formula in the total station is basically the same as that you use with a calculator.
Therefore, the measuring coordinates of total station must be provided with measuring station and looking back coordinates or directions.
Question 6: How to measure the assumed coordinates of total station must know two points, or a point and direction angle.
Question 7: The specific steps of re-measuring coordinate points with total station are the same as the original method of measuring coordinate points.
Find the control point, then set up a station, and then measure. Only the total station should be carefully calibrated and the measurement process should be careful.
Question 8: How to calculate the point coordinates of 50 points with total station is really not clear in one or two sentences. Tell you what, I'll give you a paper written by someone else, and you can read it. The above mainly talked about the principle of coordinate measurement and coordinate lofting with total station.
Attachment give you an attachment PDF. Now study it yourself.
Just talk about plane coordinates. As for the elevation, it can be calculated by simple trigonometric function according to the vertical angle and oblique distance! Think about it with reference to plane coordinates. I really can't. Ask again.
Wish you success!
Question 9: How to verify whether the coordinates measured by the total station are correct?
1, through surveying and mapping, see whether the measuring points of each rearview time are connected into a graph, whether the building sideline deviates from the direction or whether the building is deformed;
2. In addition, take a look at the triangulation and contour lines generated according to the elevation of each measuring point, and compare with the existing terrain, you can also find the deformation of contour lines;
3. Calculate the azimuth by looking up the station data to see if the azimuth in the measured data is correct.
Error reason:
1, the coordinates entered by the setting station are wrong;
2. After setting, enter the wrong viewpoint coordinates;
3. When the coordinates of the viewpoint are set correctly, but the viewpoint is not aligned, press the OK key, resulting in an error in the azimuth angle of the rear view;
4. The coordinates of the original control points are wrong;
5. The measurement of the front mirror and the back mirror is confused, which leads to the coordinate error of the measuring point of the mirror after the front mirror is set up;
6, in the process of measurement, the total station was touched, leading to station setting errors;
7. The total station was automatically turned off or there was an error, but the station was not reset.
8. Errors caused by other reasons.
Correction method:
1. Check the station setting information in the survey file to see if the station coordinates and rear view coordinates are correct. If there is any mistake, it can be corrected by the "station correction" function in CASS software.
2. Check the azimuth information in the measurement file to see if the rear viewing angle is correct. If it is wrong, refer to the method of 1 above to correct it.
3. Re-inspection measurement and supplementary measurement are the most time-consuming but also the most effective methods.
Question 10: What is the coordinate measurement principle of total station? How to measure? How to establish a coordinate system? If you set up your own coordinate system, the operation will be simple.
On your terms. Select the origin O, set the total station in O, and select point A in the direction of OA, assuming that the distance of OA is 30 meters. Then the station coordinates are (0,0), and the rear viewpoint coordinates are (30,0), which can be input in the total station in turn. After the input is completed, establish a coordinate system with O as the origin and OA as the X axis.
The measuring station above is the installation point of the instrument. Then the viewpoint is the point a that the prism needs to support.
By the way, you are talking about three-dimensional coordinate information. Then you must measure a height. This is the z coordinate. If the elevation of point O is 0, then the Z coordinate of point A can be determined by measuring the height difference between O and A. After confirmation, it can also be input at the same time in the front and rear viewpoints of the station. Just pay attention to the height of the mirror.