Teaching focus:

1. Master the literature about Qu Yuan and Chu Ci, read and talk about the text;

2. Understand the patriotic spirit and moral integrity of the poet expressed in the poem.

Teaching difficulties:

Understand and master classical Chinese vocabulary.

Teaching process:

I. Introduction:

We have just learned three poems in The Book of Songs, from which we feel some characteristics of China's ancient poems, such as, truly reflecting the current life situation at that time; Formally, the four words are catchy, and the artistic techniques of fu, bi and xing are widely used, and so on. In the current senior high school English, some changes have taken place in Li Sao, the representative work of Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet in China, which we are going to study. Some changes are still great, and both the content and the form are different from the Book of Songs. In addition, Qu Yuan's two famous sayings: "The road is long, and Xiu Yuan is Xi, and Xiu Yuan is Xi, and I will go up and down to seek" are also from Li Sao. Let's find and summarize these changes in the process of reading this poem and appreciate the poet's spirit of "seeking up and down"!

Second, understand literary common sense.

(A) to guide reading before class, reading after class, tips after class, notes and other words.

Design three questions to help students.

1. What kind of character is the poet Qu Yuan?

2. What is the basic content of Li Sao? What does it have to do with the poet's experience?

3. What are the characteristics of poems called "Chu Ci Style" or "Sao Style" by later generations?

Clear:

1. Qu Yuan is a patriotic poet. As leftists and doctors of Chu at that time, they were in charge of internal affairs and diplomacy. The so-called idea of "uniting Qi against Qin" is precisely to safeguard national interests. His ideal is to make the motherland independent and prosperous, even to unify China, which has been divided for a long time, and to realize the so-called Tang Yu's rule for three generations. Its specific proposition is to cultivate talents, empower people and educate Ming statutes. The above thought is the specific meaning of the so-called "American politics".

2. See the sentence at the end of the material on page 33 of the textbook (from "poetry is written like this" to the end). The explanation of the word "Li Sao" is "suffering". This poem was written when the poet was exiled for the first time because of slanders and was forced to stay away from his native land. So his thoughts of worrying about the country and the people can be seen everywhere.

3. Chuci is a style with local color, which was created by poets such as Qu Yuan and Song Yu. In particular, the function word "Xi" widely used in poetry can be regarded as an important symbol.

(2) Teacher's supplementary introduction:

1. Qu Yuan was dismissed from office twice and exiled twice in his life. The first time was in the Chu Huaiwang period, and he was demoted to Hanbei; The second time was during the reign of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, and he was exiled to Jiangnan. The poem "About the River" in nine chapters selected in the original textbook was written in this exile. It was also in this exile that the poet died in the Miluo River.

2. Compared with the realistic writing style embodied in The Book of Songs, Li Sao is a work with a positive romantic style, which is regarded as the direct source of romanticism in China literature. The so-called romanticism refers to "being good at expressing the passionate pursuit of the ideal world in reflecting reality, and often using passionate language and magnificent exaggeration to shape the image" (from Ci Hai Literature Volume). In the process of appreciating Li Sao, we should appreciate the characteristics of this creative style.

Third, read the whole poem and understand the basic content.

(1) The teacher first introduces the basic contents of excerpts from Li Sao in combination with the text prompts. Judging from the prompt text, the first seven paragraphs, that is, from the first sentence to "consolidating the former sanctuary", focus on narration, while the last six paragraphs focus on lyricism.

(2) Teachers demonstrate reading (or play recordings or multimedia)

1. Students pay attention to phonetic new words.

2. Experience the skills of reading aloud, such as reading the rhythm of clauses. The pronunciation of the last word "Xi" in the previous sentence should be slightly longer, and the rhyming words should be stressed.

Fourth, students read the whole poem by themselves, with the emphasis on mastering the pronunciation of the text and understanding its meaning (the whole poem can be divided into two steps according to the level of "teaching material tips").

The following thinking questions can be designed to help students understand poetry as soon as possible:

1. The poems on the first floor show the reasons why the author was wronged and demoted, and his unwillingness to go with the flow.

2. What poems on the second floor show the author's noble sentiment of pursuing "American politics", dying without regret, worrying about the country and the people, and dedicating himself to the ideal?

Preparing for the College Entrance Examination: How to Answer "Sentence Function"

Senior three students can take a look at the knowledge of preparing for the college entrance examination in their spare time, which is also helpful for everyone to master some knowledge of preparing for the college entrance examination. I have arranged the Chinese preparation for the college entrance examination for you. I hope you like it.

(A) the role of sentences in the text:

1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (prose), bury the foreshadowing (narrative) and set suspense (novel) as the auxiliary bedding for the following; Below the general collar;

2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;

3. At the end of the article: point out the center (prose); Deepen the theme (narrative); The beginning of a quotation (argumentative, narrative, novel)

(B) the role of rhetoric:

(1) own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.

1, figuratively personified: vivid;

Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.

2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ;

Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.

3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking;

Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics

Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.

4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …

5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.

(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:

In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering a question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.

(4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?

Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...

Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...

Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.

(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?

I can't. Because:

(1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence).

(2) This word corresponds to the above one by one.

(3) These words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.

(6) Summary of paragraph meaning

1. Narrative: Answer clearly (when and where) who did what.

Format: (time+place)+people+things.

2. Description: The answer clearly explains what the object is and what its characteristics are.

Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)

3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author thinks.

Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate?

(7) Expression skills

Expression skills play an important role in the appreciation of ancient poetry, such as allusions, comparison, rendering, laying out, comparison, lyricism, scene blending, lyricism by borrowing scenery, combination of static and dynamic, combination of reality and fiction, euphemism, comparison, allegory, symbol, pun and so on. The rhetorical methods commonly used in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, duality, metaphor, metonymy, analogy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question and repetition. The commonly used terms in analyzing poetry language are: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, beautiful, gorgeous, implicit, simple and natural. When reviewing, we should systematically summarize all kinds of expression skills and reserve relevant knowledge. First of all, we should understand the characteristics and functions of these expressive skills, and then carefully appreciate and analyze them in combination with specific poems.

Appreciation of ancient poetry:

As for evaluating the ideological content of poetry and the author's attitude, it includes summarizing the main idea of the work, analyzing the social reality reflected by the work, and pointing out its positive significance or limitations.

In short, the first step to appreciate ancient poetry is to grasp the content of poetry from the following aspects: 1 Read the title and comments carefully; 2. Analyze the image; 3. Taste the artistic conception; 4 contact the author. Step 2, find out the skills: 1 Grasp the image features; 2. Differentiated expression skills; 3 Explain the expression function. The third step is to evaluate the contents and opinions: 1 summarize the main idea; 2 contact background; 3 distinguish between primary and secondary; 4. Comprehensive evaluation.

When answering questions, we should pay special attention to the following points: first, we should stick to the requirements and not generalize; Second, the main points should be complete and should be considered from multiple angles; The third is to scrutinize the terms and strive to be accurate, concise and standardized.

Distinction of confusing terms

The difference between "method and technology"

Artistic skills, also known as expressive skills, include:

Expression: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation.

(2) Expression techniques: arousing, associating, setting off, suppressing, caring, being positive, symbolizing, contrasting, changing from reality to emptiness, combining reality with reality, using allusions, expressing one's mind directly, expressing feelings by borrowing scenery, blending scenes, expressing ideas by borrowing the past, satirizing the present, turning motion into stillness, combining motion with motion, seeing the big from the small, and getting to the point.

Rhetoric: metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, contrast, analogy, parallelism, rhetorical question, quotation, irony and repetition.

(B) the relationship between "love" and "scenery"

Borrowing scenery to express feelings, borrowing scenery to express feelings and blending scenes are all ways for poets to express feelings by borrowing scenery. "Expressing emotion by borrowing scenery" is relatively direct, and the feeling after reading the poem is to see "emotion" but not "scenery"; "Emotion in the scene" and "scene blending". When expressing feelings, there are no words on the front. After reading the poem, I feel that I see the "scenery" but can't see the "emotion". But after careful analysis, it is found that the poet's feelings are all in the natural scenery in front of him, and all the scenery and words are sentimental.

(3) the angle of description

Common angles are: shape, sound, color, state and taste. "Shape" and "color" are perspectives; "Sound" is the angle of hearing; "State" is divided into dynamic and static; "Taste" is the angle of touch.