What is an argumentative essay in high school? It is necessary to establish a mode of thinking. Argumentative writing is a style that analyzes and comments on a certain issue or thing and shows one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and opinions. Let's take a look at the argumentative essays in high school!

Three elements of argumentative writing in senior high school: argument, argument and argumentation.

Argument: refers to the author's point of view. Arguments are generally concise, and the whole article is to prove that this view (argument) is correct.

Definition: the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed (events, phenomena, people, ideas, etc.). )

Form: a complete sentence with a clear statement of the subject.

1, format of argumentative essay: the format of argumentative essay should consist of three parts: argument part; Demonstration part; The conclusion part.

Generally speaking, argumentative writing can be divided into three basic paragraphs: the first paragraph leads to the topic; The second paragraph demonstrates; The third paragraph gives a clear conclusion. The second section is the central section. Candidates should put the main content in the second paragraph, at the same time pay attention to the integrity of the opening and closing paragraphs, and try to echo from beginning to end so as not to be inconsistent.

2. Unity of paragraphs and coherence of texts.

Unity of paragraphs (1) English paragraphs have a great feature, that is, a paragraph only involves a theme (even just a certain aspect of a theme). One sentence in the paragraph points out the theme and expounds the author's views on the theme, while all other sentences are facts, examples and reasoning given for the purpose of expanding the theme, which are closely related to the theme. There should be no irrelevant sentences in the paragraph. This correlation between each sentence and the theme of an English paragraph is called the integrity of the paragraph.

(2) Coherence of the Discourse The paragraphs of English argumentative essays are mostly straight lines, that is, the paragraphs begin to directly cut into the theme, giving facts, examples, reasoning, etc. This unfolding mode of English argumentative paragraphs is the basis for the formation of discourse coherence. Coherence of a text means that the meanings of sentences in a paragraph are related to each other through some orderly arrangement (such as chronological order, causal order, logical order, etc.). When discussing the theme of this paragraph, every last sentence is based on the previous one. If a sentence in a paragraph is removed, this coherence will be affected, causing difficulties for readers to understand.

3. The topic sentences and their arguments in the central paragraph of the argumentative paper, and the commonly used words and phrases in the argumentative paper.

The topic sentence and its arguments in the central paragraph of an argumentative essay, whether an argumentative essay can get a high score, is not unrelated to the quality of the topic sentence in the central paragraph, and the quality of the topic sentence depends on the quality of the topic and the choice of the argument (that is, whether the selected argument can stand scrutiny in terms of logic, rationality, accuracy and relevance to the theme content).

It needs to be clear that the central paragraph should have only two components: the topic sentence of the paragraph and the arguments supporting the topic sentence. The topic sentence of a paragraph should also be composed of two parts, namely: topic sentence = the author's view or attitude towards the topic, both of which are indispensable.

Suppose candidates are asked to write an argumentative essay about smoking, then smoking is the theme of the central paragraph. Generally speaking, argumentative essays require candidates to clarify their views or attitudes on a certain issue. Therefore, when we get the topic of an argumentative paper, we should carefully examine the topic, weigh the pros and cons of something, and then determine our position.

How to construct the topic sentence of a paragraph? After you get the topic of the argumentative paper, after careful examination, list the examples related to the topic that you can think of.

High school argumentative writing 2 1, the construction mode, conforms to the needs of the general thinking law.

The writing of argumentative essays is actually a process of demonstrating arguments with arguments. Placing facts makes sense, putting facts makes sense, and the truth itself is becoming clearer and clearer, which conforms to the laws of human thinking. Only in this way can we show our views and let others understand and accept them. From the conception process of the full text, we should first ask questions, then analyze them, and then solve them.

From the specific demonstration process, first list individual cases, and then infer general conclusions. If you say the consequences of one thing first, then you should analyze its reasons; If you say the reason first, then you should also infer the consequences. In the process of writing, we should first talk about the phenomenon and then analyze the essence. This process is actually the universal law of human thinking development, and the process of writing articles is the mapping of human thinking laws.

2. Only by constructing the mode can we better show the writing ideas.

Writing thinking is very important for narrative writing, especially argumentative writing. "Think of the mountain side as a mountain peak, and the distance is different. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain. " In Wang Anshi's poems, the first two sentences are about what he saw on the mountain, and the last two sentences are based on the first two sentences. Although this is a poem, it can be seen that some argumentative ideas belong to the style of putting phenomena first and then discussing them. "Half an acre of square pond, day put * * *. Ask where the canal is, so clear, because there is a source of living water. " Students can take a closer look. Is this poem the same as the last one?

The idea of the article is clear, the structure is naturally coherent, and the meaning is clear. If thinking is disordered, the structure will be loose, which will affect the expression of the meaning of the article. In the exam that determines the future of life, we must try our best to make our thinking clear, so that our structure is rigorous and our views are clear.

In recent years, the most common format for students to write compositions is still the total score structure. Here, I can give an example of Wu Han talking about bones. When you read it, you are sure to learn something from others.

3. Build a mode of thinking to better meet the needs of the exam.

After years of teaching experience, many students have finished their compositions, but they don't know how well they have written their own compositions. In fact, they are even less good at building thinking patterns. Everything is established in advance, and it is abolished if it is not foreseen. In order to ensure the high quality of argumentative papers in the examination room, it is necessary to measure them in advance, neither interplanting nor accommodating. In the usual training, master the thinking mode of argumentative writing skillfully, so as to have answers, understand the structure of the composition, and be able to manipulate the materials quickly and write quickly in the examination room. Some teachers suppress students from writing narratives and only allow students to write argumentative papers because of this advantage. However, although argumentative writing has the advantages of being easy to write, it cannot be arranged temporarily. The structure of the article can be practiced in daily life. When it comes to exams, you can write a good article with twice the result with half the effort as long as you choose the right materials, hone the sentences, or pay attention to the problems written on paper.

4. Constructing thinking mode is the need to form a good writing state.

At present, there are still many shortcomings in our composition teaching. There are a lot of composition teaching, but they are still satisfied with the teaching of external routines and methods. When you write a composition, you are often in the stage of imitation. Students' logical thinking ability is not mature enough. Influenced by all kinds of quick success and impetuous atmosphere, it is very easy to have problems when writing compositions. Constructing writing mode and working hard from thinking is the fundamental to solve the problem.

High school argumentative writing 3 I. Structural fit of argumentative writing

To demonstrate, analyze facts and demonstrate truth, of course, we must follow certain laws of thinking; This law of thinking is reflected in the external form of the article, which is the article structure with a certain style. How to write an argumentative essay is "in tune"?

First, according to the general thinking mode of discussing problems, it should be composed of three parts: asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems (or introduction, theory and conclusion). "Asking questions" means to clearly put forward the central argument at the beginning of an argumentative paper, "analyzing questions" means to analyze and demonstrate the central argument in the middle of the article, and "solving problems" means to draw a comprehensive conclusion or forward-looking hope at the end of the article. Everyone knows this, and I won't repeat it here.

The second is to analyze the problem, that is, the part of this theory, which should be discussed in layers according to a certain dimension. The so-called "dimension" is the direction of discussion. There are four dimensions: what, why, how and what. Under normal circumstances, a middle school student's argumentative essay can be expanded by choosing one or two of these four dimensions. But no matter which direction you look at it, there must be some connection between its arguments. Generally speaking, there are three types: parallel type, progressive type and contrast type.

The so-called juxtaposition is to list several arguments from the same direction around the center and demonstrate them one by one. If you only write around one dimension, then the relationship between several sub-arguments is mostly parallel.

Compared with the parallel structure, the progressive structure is the same except for the different meaning connection between arguments, so I won't talk about it any more.

The so-called contrast is to start from the positive and negative aspects of the topic, make positive and negative comparative arguments, and draw a conclusion. Its advantages are simple structure, sufficient demonstration and convenient use. The simplest contrast is that after putting forward the viewpoint, one section demonstrates the viewpoint from the positive side, the other section demonstrates the viewpoint from the negative side, and finally draws a conclusion. Another comparative structure is to discuss or put forward arguments from the front, and then discuss them from the opposite side through turning points or assumptions.

Second, the idea of entering the grid.

Argumentative writing is to discuss problems, of course, there must be ideas, that is, there must be inevitable internal relations between all parts of argumentative writing. As we all know, argumentative writing is an argument. After you make an argumentative argument, you should put facts and reasons, so that your argument can be convincingly established. Therefore, there should be a causal relationship between the central argument and the sub-argument, that is, the central argument is "fruit" and the sub-argument is "cause". This causal connection is the "case" of argumentative writing thinking.

As an argumentative composition of senior high school students, there should be a causal relationship between at least the central argument and the sub-argument, and between the arguments.

After students put forward the central argument, they can find the direction of putting forward the sub-argument as long as they ask a "why" around the central argument. For example, the central argument is that "only persistence can sublimate people's ideology and morality and achieve something." After a little analysis, we can find that this view is talking about the importance of persistence, so the argument should answer the question of why persistence is important, so we can demonstrate it from two dimensions: why and what results. For example, "persistence is a kind of persistence, turning despair into hope", "persistence is a kind of belief, making the ordinary noble" and "persistence is a duty, making the ordinary great". If we want to test whether these three sub-arguments and the central argument are necessarily related, we just need to add "because" before these three sub-arguments and "so" before "persistence is very important" and read them together.

Similarly, there should be a causal link between arguments and argumentative essays. For example, after the sub-argument that "persistence is the duty to make ordinary and great", it can be discussed as follows: "The persistence of border guards makes the country stable and peaceful; The persistence of the people's teachers has made peaches and plums all over the world; Angels in white's insistence made the disease yield. " Another example is the argument that "freedom is the flight of ideas": "Action can be subject to objective reality, but ideas will always enjoy absolute freedom. With this freedom of thought, Li Bai, a poet, was born. This is Li Yu, who is still in prison and lamenting that' the old country is unbearable to look back on the moon'; Haizi, a talented poet, yearns for' facing the sea and blooming in spring'. In short, because of this freedom of thought, society will continue to make progress under its traction and create a human miracle that will never go down in history. "

Third, adhesion has surgery.

A decent argumentative essay, in addition to its rigorous structure and unique thinking, has a more important aspect, that is, the proper elaboration of the argument and the pertinent analysis of the argument; Without such elaboration and analysis, the argument of argumentative paper can not be adhered to, and this persistence is "technical"

(A) Viewpoint+Transition+Case+Analysis

The most important thing in this step is "transition" and "analysis". The so-called "transition" is to connect ideas and examples with appropriate words, connect the literary atmosphere, and make ideas and argumentative materials unimpeded in language form. The so-called "analysis" means that after the case is described, it is necessary to make appropriate analysis and comments on the case, point out its essential characteristics, and link the case with the argument in content.

(2) viewpoint+transition+demonstration+analysis+induction

This way of argument is to add a "induction" to the first one. The so-called induction is to extract the inevitable from multiple examples. Since it is necessary to extract from multiple examples, the "argument" part should be two or more.

(3) Universal Truth+Individual Truth

That is, deductive reasoning. The previous analysis and induction is from the individual to the general, and deductive reasoning is a method to prove a special argument (argument) with universal truth from the general to the individual.