There is also an inertial effect that is not well known to the public, that is, the Angelos effect, also known as the Anlos effect. Have you ever heard of it? This effect shows that inertia really should not be regarded as a "simple" attribute. I will use common language to answer why there is the Anglo-Saxon effect.
Anlu effect holds that the accelerated observer can observe the blackbody radiation that the inertial observer can't see, that is, the accelerated observer will find himself in a warm cosmic background. In popular terms, the thermometer carried by the constant acceleration observer can still measure non-zero temperature after excluding the contribution of other possible temperature sources.
Anlu effect was first put forward by Stephen Fu Ling (1973), paul davis (1975) and William Anlu (1976) of British Columbia University. So it is sometimes called the Fuling-Davis-Anlu effect.
Generally speaking, this effect means that if a person is at rest, he will feel cold in a vacuum, while if a person is in an accelerated motion, he will feel the vacuum is warm. This is a thought experiment because no one can do it in a vacuum. This is also a concern of many people who doubt the theory, that is, they think you can't measure the effect. Because the effect is extremely weak, it is difficult to measure directly. To observe the vacuum heating to 1 Kelvin, the observer's acceleration must reach 10 17 times that of the best rocket, so it is extremely difficult or even impossible. But Daniel Vanzella, a theorist at the University of S? o Paulo in Brazil, and his colleagues believe that by studying the light emitted by electrons-accelerating the photon fog observed by observers, it is possible to detect the most critical substances.
Let's take a look at the experiment they designed: suppose you send a beam of electrons through a magnetic field. Basic physics shows that electrons will circle in the field. At this time, a vertical electric field is applied to give the electron an upward force. At the same time, this beam of electrons will accelerate its rise. This defines two reference coordinate systems. In the accelerated ascending coordinate system, electrons are in circles. In the non-accelerating laboratory coordinate system, the trajectory of the electron beam is a stretched helix.
Vanzella and his colleagues began to analyze the accelerated coordinate system, in which the electrons in the circle are assumed to encounter photon fog. Electrons both absorb photons and radiate photons into the fog. Strangely, whether electrons absorb or release photons in the accelerated coordinate system, electrons are radiation photons in the laboratory coordinate system. In a paper recently published in Physical Review Letters, researchers mentioned that relativity can be used to predict the spectrum of radiation photons in laboratory coordinate systems.
Fanzela said that they calculated that in the laboratory coordinate system, the spectrum of released photons should represent ultra-long waves, but only if there is photon fog from the beginning in the accelerated coordinate system. Roughly speaking, the photon fog in the accelerated coordinate system heats the electrons and makes them release more photons in the laboratory coordinate system. Therefore, this experiment provides a method to test the existence of Anglian effect: observing extra long-wave photons in the laboratory coordinate system, we can know that the accelerated coordinate system space is full of photons.
Sceptics say that the experiment will not succeed, but for different reasons. Detlev Bouchholtz, a theorist at the University of G? ttingen, said that if this situation can be correctly analyzed, photon fog would not appear in the accelerated coordinate system at all. "The Anglo-Saxon effect doesn't exist at all," he said. However, Bouchholtz also said that the relative acceleration of vacuum does cause the observer to get hot, but this is due to the friction caused by the interaction between quantum uncertainty and acceleration. So this experiment may produce the expected results, but it will not reveal the photon fog imagined in the accelerated coordinate system.
On the contrary, Robert O'Connell, a theorist at Louisiana State University, insists that there is photon fog in the accelerated coordinate system. However, he thinks it is impossible to extract energy from fog and generate extra radiation in the laboratory coordinate system. O'Connell quoted a little basic physical knowledge-fluctuation dissipation theorem, which means that particles interacting with the thermal environment will release as much energy as they absorb from the environment. So he thinks that the photon fog of Angles does exist, but the experiment will not produce the expected signal anyway. The experimental content comes from Science Network.
The above experiment looks very complicated, but it is actually easy to summarize. People who believe in this effect have designed an "acceleration" system. If they see photon fog, they will think that this effect exists. Opponents believe that even if photon fog appears, it may be caused by friction and has nothing to do with "acceleration" There is another view that photon fog exists, but the expected value of the experiment will not be observed.
If you answered, how would you explain it? Think for half an hour before you look down. You should answer from these points.
The first point: in the last chapter, we mentioned that vacuum is not empty, and listed several support points that vacuum is not empty. Because the vacuum is not empty, the friction effect between the vacuum and the accelerating object cannot be ignored. And you should know that space-time can be curved, which means that space-time is "hard" whether it is vacuum or not, not as soft as you think. So when an object moves at an accelerated or uniform speed in time and space, it is closely connected with time and space, understand? So friction can't be ruled out.
The second point: What is the concept of temperature? You must be clear. Temperature is a statistically significant concept. Microscopically, it is the expression of the thermal motion intensity of an object molecule. We can understand it in the direction of "entropy" because entropy is also a statistically significant concept. From the point of view of entropy increase, an object in "accelerated" motion shows inverse entropy; And a stationary or uniformly moving object will slowly move towards entropy silence, that is, towards cold. So the "accelerating" object must be in the "heating" system.
The third point: from the point of view of motion, the static state and the uniform motion state are relative, while the accelerated motion is an absolute motion state. The principle of equivalence is reliable only in the case of absolute motion. This is extremely important, so you should understand it carefully.
Equivalence principle: Equivalence principle is the first basic principle of general relativity, and its basic meaning is that the gravitational field is equivalent to a frame of reference moving at an appropriate acceleration.
So here, if you are sensitive to physical sense of smell, you can find that acceleration is related to gravity and acceleration is related to inertia. At the same time, we already know that inertial mass is strictly equal to gravitational mass, which is very interesting. It was by thinking about this interesting point that Einstein got through the "Ren Duer pulse" of general relativity. Why is the equivalence principle the first basic principle of general relativity? You got it? Because another principle of general relativity is based on the principle of equivalence. This order can never be reversed! Re-reading: Einstein put forward the concept of local equivalence between gravitational field and acceleration field on the basis of in-depth analysis of the equivalence between gravitational mass and inertial mass; The relativity of inertial motion in special relativity is extended to accelerated motion, and the principle of general relativity is obtained. What is "absolute" in the theory of relativity? Answer at once! It's "speed up the movement"
And what is the inspiration for me? What is the relationship between gravity and inertia? After reading the last chapter, everyone knows the answer: gravity is the source of inertia. In other words, inertia is caused by gravity. This part of the knowledge of relativity will be popularized later, and now it continues to return to the Anglo-American effect.
A detail of the above experiment said: "Fanzela said that they calculated that in the laboratory coordinate system, the spectrum of released photons should indicate an ultra-long wave, but only if there is photon fog from the beginning in the accelerated coordinate system."
It's not hard to understand. As I said just now, stationary and uniform motion are relative, and accelerated motion is absolute. In fact, in the real cosmic environment, there is no static uniform motion, and there is no inertial system. The inertial system we usually say can only be approximate inertial system. Absolute inertial system can only exist in our brains, but not in reality. Therefore, the absolute "acceleration" motion is absolute, so it is very reasonable for the acceleration coordinate system to have "photon fog" from the beginning, and it is abnormal if it is not!
Others believe that the Anglo-Saxon effect is closely related to Hawking radiation. Hawking radiation is a kind of thermal radiation emitted by a black hole based on quantum effect theory. Generally speaking, according to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, many particle-antiparticle (virtual particle) pairs will naturally occur out of thin air in a vacuum, annihilate in pairs in a very short time, and have no mass on the macro level.
Physicists such as Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich, Jacob Bekenstein and Stephen Hawking combine quantum mechanics with general relativity, and the results show that the temperature of the horizon is not zero, and it will emit light, although it is extremely weak. This light is the so-called "Hawking radiation"; When a pair of particles, such as electrons and positrons, or a pair of photons, are generated in a strong gravitational field, one of the particles will fall into a black hole and the other will escape, thus generating this radiation.
If a particle pair is formed near the black hole, the positive and negative particles born in the pair are pulled apart due to the strong gravitational field of the black hole, one may fall into the event horizon, while the other does not, thus being promoted to real particles by the black hole gravity. But this violates the law of conservation of energy, so the mass of another particle must come from the mass of the black hole itself-this is a simplified explanation of the radiation released by the black hole.
The Anglo-Saxon effect is associated with Hawking radiation because some people call it Anglo-Saxon radiation. You got it this time.
It is even considered that Hawking radiation and Anglian radiation are actually different results of the same effect under different conditions and different coordinate choices (applying equivalence principle). It is pointed out that the thermal equilibrium temperature of Anglian radiation is
Compare the temperature of schwarzschild black hole.
Boltzmann constant and Planck constant appear in two formulas, and acceleration A appears in the acceleration in vacuum, which is replaced by the black hole mass and Newton's gravitational constant in the gravitational field. Using the equivalence principle, the acceleration is the same as that in the gravitational field. Therefore, if the Anglo-Saxon effect is confirmed, it is equivalent to Hawking radiation being confirmed. Do you agree with this view?
Obviously, the two are related, which can be seen from the vacuum, uncertainty principle and the direction of entropy increase. But obviously, the existence of Anglo-Saxon effect is reasonable and well proved, and the difficulty is about the same as measuring gravitational waves. Hawking radiation, according to the description of Hawking radiation, can be understood as a kind of self-action, so it is more difficult to detect, and the difficulty coefficient is similar to finding gravitons.
Moreover, researchers at the University of Chicago have made experimental observations on a material field, and the thermal fluctuation of the material field is consistent with the prediction of Angkor radiation. The research results are published in the journal Nature Physics, which opens up new possibilities for exploring the dynamics of quantum systems in curved space-time. Cheng Chin, one of the researchers who conducted this research: We have been studying a new quantum phenomenon called Bose Fireworks, which was discovered two years ago and has a hidden connection with a gravitational phenomenon called Anglian radiation. In the experiment, Chin and his colleagues prepared 60,000 cesium atoms, cooled them, and then began to modulate the magnetic field. A few milliseconds after modulation, the thermal emission of atoms in all directions was observed. In order to determine the thermal distribution of atoms, researchers collected a large number of samples. The results show that the fluctuation of atomic number is closely related to the thermal Boltzmann distribution, and the temperature extracted from these images is very consistent with the prediction of Anglo. In addition to the thermal distribution, they also observed the temporal and spatial coherence of matter wave emission. Coherence is an important feature of quantum mechanics, which reveals that Anglian radiation originated from quantum mechanics. Essentially, Chin and his colleagues observed the wave field of matter in a non-inertial framework using a quantum physical simulation framework. It is observed that the fluctuation of this material wave, as well as the long-range phase coherence and its time coherence are consistent with the Anglo-Saxon prediction. This means that the general relativity describing gravity and quantum mechanics are "consistent" here.
Let me give another popular example, saying that a person is hypnotized. The hypnotist suggested that his left hand was very hot at the moment, like boiling water. As a result, the temperature of his left hand is obviously higher than that of his right hand. Do you know why? We won't discuss the reason of this problem today. We know that if the temperature of the left hand really gets higher, it must be the body function that transfers "energy" to the left hand, which is obvious. Similarly, if an accelerating object shows the Anglo-Saxon effect, it must have "borrowed" energy from time and space. Similarly, Hawking radiation is the same. Black holes consume energy and then radiate it in another form of radiation. So from a philosophical point of view, this situation is unified, that is, inverse entropy is always accompanied by entropy increase.
When you see "radiation", you should think of quantum mechanics. The Anglo-American effect is related to gravitational energy, so the quantization of gravity is actually the quantization of time and space. Only such a system can finally be in harmony with quantum mechanics.
Summary: The Anglo-Saxon effect exists, and the "warm" energy of the Anglo-Saxon effect comes from time and space itself. To be precise, it is the interaction between objects and time and space-"gravitational Anglo-Saxon effect". This word came to me on a whim because I couldn't find the existing word. Why is it called gravity, gravity and Anglo-Saxon effect? Obviously, time and space are related to the Anglo-Saxon effect of gravity, and the origin of gravity is time and space! Gravitation is the origin of inertia, so it is called gravitational Anglian effect. Remind everyone to look at the problem from the height of time and space and understand the physical effect. We should deeply understand that space, time and matter are one.
Reading interest: You are the next Madame Curie! Share three sentences from Madame Curie.
She said, "Our life seems difficult, but what does it matter?" We should have perseverance, especially self-confidence! "
She also said: "There is nothing to be afraid of in life, only to understand."
She even said: "Honor is like a toy, you can only play with it, and you can never have it forever, otherwise you will accomplish nothing."
Dunzhe Ling, an independent scholar and popular science writer, wrote the popular science work Change. Including the latest supplement.