China began to use the English name "China" in 19 12, but westerners have known the name of this East Asian country for more than two thousand years. According to years of exploration and textual research by relevant experts, the etymology of China's English name "China" comes from the word "Cina" in the Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana in the10th century BC (some scholars put it in the 5th century BC and15th century BC). Cina was also mentioned in On Politics in ancient India in the 4th century BC. "Cina" also appeared in Persian poems praising Worwa Ding in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. There is also an account of "Sinoa" in the Old Testament.

There have been different opinions about the origin and meaning of the name "China" in academic circles. At present, there are several sayings: porcelain, Qin, tea, silk, japonica and Miao language.

Some scholars suggest that "China" is a transliteration of the Chinese character "Changnan" (the original name of Jingdezhen). With the spread of Jingdezhen fine white porcelain overseas, "China" has become synonymous with "China".

The American Heritage Dictionary explains that the word "China" is related to the Qin Dynasty in the third century BC, and "China" is the transliteration of Qin. This view was first put forward by Roman missionary Martin Martin in 1655.

According to records, in the 5th century BC, oriental silk has become a favorite material of Greek upper class. Therefore, some scholars believe that the word "Cin a" originated from silk, which is based on the Greek historian Ctesias's reference to Serika in his works, and thus believes that "Serika" is transformed from "Cina". Scholars who hold this view include Professor Liu Xingshi from Chengdu University of Technology and Professor Zhou Qicheng from Donghua University. Professor Liu Xingshi once pointed out that the word "China" originated from silk in the article "A New Probe into the Interpretation of China", and also believed that "Cina" recognized by ancient western countries was located in the ancient Shu State, that is, today's Chengdu area. The "Silk Country" does not refer to the whole territory of China today.

Professor Huang Zhongmo of Chongqing Normal University believes that "Cina" may be an ancient Miao language. Ancient India was closely related to southern China where Sanmiao culture prevailed through the Southern Silk Road. The epic zhina also refers to ancient China, which is also the expression of Sanmiao culture in foreign countries. He said that "Jina" and "Zila" circulated among Miao people today are not only homophonic with "zhina", but also have the meaning of "the hometown of paddy fields".

Mr. He Lin, a cultural anthropologist and folklorist, believes that Cina in Indian Sanskrit refers to Japanese in southern China, which is a transliteration of "Japonica". In Assam and other areas in eastern India, there are japonica rice people living in the south of China, and the people who grow japonica rice call themselves Cina (Japonica). Therefore, the Japanese in Assam and other areas also call themselves Japanese, and the Indians call them Cina (Japonica) according to the language of the Japanese nation.

In terms of time, Jingdezhen ceramics appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Qin Dynasty was founded in 22 1 year BC. According to the information provided by experts, the word "Cina" appeared in Indian Sanskrit at the latest in the 5th century BC, and the export of tea in China was later than this period. Therefore, Cina in Indian Sanskrit has nothing to do with tea in China, porcelain in Jingdezhen and Qin in China.

There are many records about the silk in the Kingdom of Ju Lushi in western literature, such as The Collection of Ancient Documents in the Far East by Greek Latin writers (edited by Godes [France])? Translation), including more than 90 Greek and Latin works about Seriese from the 4th century BC to the 4th century AD/KLOC-0. The Greek historian Ctesias mentioned Serika in the 4th century BC. Experts believe that si lk in English and Xuerk in Russian, which evolved from Serica, both come from the homonym of the word "silk" in China, which is the name of silk in these countries. However, the name of China recorded in Indian Sanskrit is Cina, and the derived English is China, Persian is Chin, Arabic is Sina, Latin is Sinae, French is Chine, German is China, Italian is Cina, and the Russian name of China is based on the 9th century AD. Obviously, in many historical documents, Serika, which produces and sells silk, and Cina in ancient Indian Sanskrit do not represent the same concept, but refer to the same country or region, that is to say, Cina has nothing to do with silk.

We can say for sure that "Cina" refers to a country or a social group in the East, but the existing theories are not convincing enough about which region, which race and what it refers to at that time. In my opinion, the territory of ancient Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China was far less vast than that of China today, and their influence on the West was far less grand than that of China today. In the vast land of East Asia, except the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the same is true of those ethnic groups called "Dongyi", "Beidi", "Xirong" and "Nanman" (from the Book of Rites Quli) by the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Therefore, whether we are discussing the origin or meaning of "Cina", we can't just pay attention to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

Whether in Miao language or Japanese, the consensus is that "Cina" refers to the farming people in southern China today. However, we can't ignore the nomadic people in northern East Asia, because the nomadic people in northern East Asia are also an important part of the East Asian nation, and they also have the possibility of having the name "Cina".

First, calling a country or a social group is nothing more than claiming that it will justify itself and say that it will have its own reasons. The exact meaning of the word "Cina" cannot be explained by westerners, nor can it be explained by China people today. The author has just found the answer to the word "Cina" in Rong Hong's language.

Rongdi is the predecessor of Xiongnu. "Lu Chunqiu Review" said: "Those who are stubborn are Huns today." The Book of Jin Biography of the Northern Emperor also holds that "Huns and the like are collectively called the Northern Emperor". ..... In the summer, called the devil, in Yin, in Zhou, called the huns. In the biography of He, a Creeping Hun, it is recorded: "Gaoche is the only other species in ancient times. The original number is Dili, and the north thinks it is Gao Che and Ding Ling. Its language is slightly different from that of Xiongnu. "Zhou Shu Turkic Biography" said: "Turks are generally the same as Huns. "Sui Shu Tiele Biography" said: "Its customs are generally the same as those of the Turks. Ma Changshou's book "The Northern Emperor and Xiongnu" says: "The general principles of Xiongnu language are not contrary to those of Mongolian language." "The customs of Xiongnu, Turkic and Tiele are the same as those of Mongolia. Mongolian components account for a considerable proportion in Turkic language. Modern scholars agree that the soft language is Mongolian. Gentle tribes are all energetic, and Mongolia is also a tribe of Tiele, China, Turk and Hebei. In this way, from geographical location, Dingling, Tiele, Gaoche, Rouran, Turkic to Mongolia, generations are connected, and the lineage is connected by one vein (Study on the Origin of Mongolian Nationalities, Suribadalaha). "The descendants of the northern nationalities in China are the coexistence of Tunguska, Mongolian and Turkic, which is a relatively simple representation of the ecological integration of ancient languages. With the size of Xiongnu, its language and blood relationship are bound to be mixed; It may be more appropriate to say that it is a multi-blood and multi-language tribal alliance. ..... On the whole, its race and language are close to the form of Mongolian people in later generations; Because the Tunguska tribe is its ruling group, the language of its core tribe may be more inclined to Tunguska. " ("Slave's consanguinity and escape route"-Zhu Xueyuan) This undoubtedly proves the language inheritance relationship between ancient Rongdi and Xiongnu, Gaoche and Mongolia. Therefore, the ancient Rongdi or its ancestors were a huge social group that spoke Mongolian, or most of them spoke Mongolian. Therefore, the meaning of the word "Cina" can be explained by Mongolian today. In Mongolian, the pronunciation of [] is very similar to "Cina", which is pronounced as "China", meaning "Wolf".

But why do western countries call Rong Di "China" or "Wolf"? The only possibility is that Rong Di took the wolf as a totem and fought in the west under the banner of the wolf. This possibility can be indirectly confirmed in the records of Rong Di's descendants in China's history books.

At the beginning of the Secret History of Mongolia, it says: "The pale pervert born of destiny and the sorrowful white deer crossed the Jisi River to the Bourhan Mountain at the source of the South River, and as a result, Bata was sweating." "Mandarin Zhou Yu" records: "Mu went hunting dogs and Rong in the West and got five kings, four white wolves and four white deer back." Historian Jian Bozan's textual research: "White Wolf and White Deer were originally a clan" (Jian Bozan's Outline of China History, Sanlian Bookstore, 1950 edition). This is an obvious totem worship, and two in-laws use wolves and deer as totems.

"Shu Wei Chuan Creeping Xiongnu He" records: "As the saying goes, Xiongnu gave birth to two daughters, both of whom were beautiful in appearance, and China people thought they were gods. Shan Yu said,' I have this daughter. Can I find someone to match her? Will be with the sky. It is to build a high platform in no man's land in the north of the country, put two women on it and say,' Please come from heaven to meet me.' Three years later, his mother wanted to see him. Shan Yu said,' No, I don't know. Year after year, an old wolf kept howling on the stage day and night, but he couldn't go because there was a hole under the stage. His youngest daughter said,' My father came to make peace with heaven, but now that the wolf has come, it is still sacred and there is no way to make it happen. Will be under it. His brother-in-law was shocked and said,' This is an animal. Is it nothing more than insulting parents?' If my sister doesn't listen, I'll have a wolf wife. Then it became a country. So, he likes Long song's voice and howling like a wolf. "This is a typical example of the origin of race.

The forty-ninth biography of Shu Wei records that "before the Turks, Pingliang also had a miscellaneous beard named Ashina. After Wei destroyed Qu's family, he took 500 families ("Ru Ru" is also called "Rouran") to Ru Ru. They all lived in Jinshan and worked in the iron yard. Jinshan is like a pocket, so it is called "Turkic" because of its number. Or the cloud, whose initial country was in the West Sea, was destroyed by neighboring countries, killing both men and women. Here's to you. Can't bear to kill it, gouge out your arms and leave it in a daze. There was a wolf, and every piece of meat went where it should go. You can't die if you eat it. Then he made friends with the wolf, and the wolf was pregnant. Those who live in neighboring countries will be killed again, and wolves will stand on their side. The messenger will kill it if its wolf is on God's side. However, as for Haidong, it stops in the mountains. Its mountain is in the northwest of Gaochang, and there is a hole under it. When the wolf entered it, he met the lush grassland in Pyongyang, covering more than 200 miles. After that, the wolf gave birth to ten more people, one of whom was Ashna, the most wise and wise, and he became the ruler, so the wolf's head was built at the tooth gate to show that he did not forget his roots. " In this record, "Ashina" is "China" and "Wolf Head" is the Wolf Head Flag. Wang Ya of the Tang Dynasty wrote in his poem: "Jing Jia has been in the army for a long time, and it is difficult to know his feelings. Today, Han Xin's plan is to cut the days into peace. Yan's chin looks strange, but the wolf dares to invade the border. It is the year of meritorious service, and I sent a message to the class. " The "wolf head" here refers to the northern nomadic people wearing the wolf head emblem and the battle flag.