Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was a wise monarch. He was brilliant and good at employing people. He succeeded Emperor Wendi in ruling the literary world, and his national strength reached its peak. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in power, he made outstanding contributions in politics, military affairs, economy and thought. However, there are still three major problems in the Han Dynasty: first, the princes still have certain political and social forces; Second, serious land annexation and social unrest; Third, the Huns kept invading and the border was restless. These factors prompted Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to further strengthen centralized politics. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wisely solved these problems, and his specific methods are as follows:

First, reform the political system-strengthen centralized politics.

1 Established "China-DPRK". "China and Korea" are the imperial tools of the emperor. The purpose of the formation is to weaken the power of the Prime Minister.

2. Set up the secretariat, which was closed for five years in Yuan Dynasty (before 106), and set up the secretariat supervision office, which further strengthened the emperor's control over the whole bureaucratic system.

3. "Decisive Order" and "Supplementary Law" In order to completely solve the problem of princes, Zhu Fuyan put forward a "decisive strategy", suggesting that after the death of princes, except the eldest son who inherits the throne, other descendants can divide part of the land of the kingdom into liehou, which is under the jurisdiction of counties. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted this suggestion and issued a "pardon order", which made the kingdom smaller and smaller and unable to compete with the central government. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also enacted the law of additional interests, which prohibited governors from soliciting guests and restricted their activities.

This system of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty dispersed the rights of governors and prime ministers, and its promulgation virtually disintegrated the rights and power of governors and princes. Further centralized the central power. .

Second, strengthen the army.

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Central Standing Army added eight commanders, belonging to the Northern Army. Add a temporary gate and a feather forest army, belonging to the confederate army. In addition, services such as shipbuilding (water army) have been added.

With the expansion of the army, centralization has become a more powerful pillar, and at the same time, it has strengthened its ability to fight abroad and suppress internally. The appointment of talents such as Huo Qubing and Li Guang resisted the invasion of Xiongnu and indirectly protected the farming culture in the Central Plains, because Xiongnu was a nomadic culture.

Raise a soldier for a thousand days, and use it for a while. The Battle of Mobei in 1 19 BC wiped out the main force of Xiongnu and drove the remaining Xiongnu tribes to areas outside the northwest.

As the saying goes, without national defense, the country is in danger. China is now a country with a strong reserve army. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used his powerful national strength to strengthen the quality of the army and enhance the national defense strength. In addition, the monarch wisely appointed talents, which effectively hit the Huns and paved the way for annexing everything in the future. In contrast, although the post-Song Dynasty was rich in culture, the army was vulnerable and the national defense force was as thin as paper, so it was necessary for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to pay attention to it.

Third, financial reform.

Due to the long-term war with Xiongnu, the total amount of iron and salt was financially tight, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty forcibly nationalized the iron and salt. The way of national management is: under the order of the chief agricultural officer, there are salt and iron companies, and each county has salt or iron officials to manage the manufacture and sales of salt and iron.

Accounting and suing for marriage are four years (before 1 19), and accounting begins. It is a property tax. For those rich people who hide their property and refuse to report, there will be a special person to preside over and encourage them to report. There were many whistleblowers at that time.

Five years after the currency reform (before 1 18), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Shanglin Sanguan (Guanzhong, Shuzhi and Biantong) to cast five baht as legal tender. At that time, Qin unified the six countries, unified the currency, and changed the situation of currency chaos. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty followed the example of the King of Qin, which not only highlighted the existence of the Han Dynasty, but also promoted the economic development. At the same time, counties, countries or individuals are prohibited from imitating casting.

The laws of "equal loss" and "equal loss" refer to the state's unified purchase and transportation of goods everywhere, while the law of "equal loss" refers to the state's policy of stabilizing prices and seeking benefits. According to the market price, sell it when it is expensive and buy it when it is cheap.

The fiscal policies above Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty strengthened the centralization of absolutism and laid a solid economic foundation for defeating the Xiongnu invasion.

"Han inherited the Qin system" The Han Dynasty changed some aspects like the Qin Dynasty, such as coins and systems. Liang Wudi used some rich people and landlords in China to collect money, which greatly expanded the expenses brought by the war, won the hearts of the people, and indirectly stabilized and affirmed the status of the Han Dynasty.

Fourth, oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone.

At this time, the politics guided by Huang Lao thought in the early Han Dynasty was no longer suitable for centralized politics, and Dong Zhongshu put forward the suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted this suggestion. Since then, Confucianism has gradually become the dominant ideology in the late Western Han Dynasty.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, measures were taken to strengthen feudal absolutism not only politically, economically, but also ideologically.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also set up masters, trained talents and selected officials in Daxing imperial academy, Chang 'an. In the fifth year of Jianyuan (before 136), he was also a doctor of poetry, calligraphy, Yi, Li and the Five Classics of Spring and Autumn. Anyone who passes the above can be added as official. Since then, Confucianism has become the orthodox ideology of the feudal ruling class, and learning the Five Classics has become a stepping stone to official career.

It is an important decision of the unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone. Confucianism not only unified the thought, but also laid the foundation for the content of the imperial examination system in the future and became a justified pillar.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made outstanding achievements in his life, implementing unification, strengthening centralization and consolidating the inheritance of the great man, but no one was perfect. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty suffered from witchcraft in his old age and lost his son in his later years, so he had to pass on the throne to his consorts and eunuchs. This is a devastating mistake. After the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the war between consorts and eunuchs intensified. The dispute between consorts and eunuchs began in Yongyuan four years. In the past 60 years, there have been four major struggles between consorts and eunuchs, which ended in a great victory for eunuchs, gradually expanding the power of eunuch groups and monopolizing the power of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In contrast, when the emperor shunzhi left office, he passed the throne to Kangxi, successfully completing the succession and pushing the Qing Dynasty to the peak. Summing up the life of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, we affirmed his success. He is undoubtedly an indispensable and important role in history.