1, graphic design
Graphic design is the most widely used field of PHOTOSHOP. Whether it's the cover of the book we are reading, or the posters and posters we see on the street, these rich graphic prints basically need PHOTOSHOP software to process the images.
Step 2 repair photos
PHOTOSHOP has powerful image modification function. Using these functions, you can quickly repair a broken old photo, and you can also repair defects such as spots on people's faces.
3. Advertising photography
Advertising photography is a kind of work with very strict visual requirements, and its final product often needs to be modified by PHOTOSHOP to get satisfactory results.
4. Image creativity
Image creativity is PHOTOSHOP's specialty. Through PHOTOSHOP processing, you can combine unrelated objects, or you can use the method of "changing civet cats for princes" to make the images unrecognizable.
5. Artistic writing
When the text encounters PHOTOSHOP processing, it is doomed to be no longer ordinary. PHOTOSHOP can be used to make various changes to the text, and these artistically processed words can be used to increase the effect of the image.
6. Web page making
The popularity of the Internet is an important reason why more people need to master PHOTOSHOP. Because PHOTOSHOP is an indispensable web page image processing software when making web pages.
7. Late decoration of architectural renderings
When making architectural renderings including many three-dimensional scenes, it is often necessary to add and adjust the colors of people and scenes in PHOTOSHOP.
8. Painting
Because PHOTOSHOP has good painting and color matching functions, many illustrators often draw sketches with pencils, and then use PHOTOSHOP to fill in colors to draw illustrations.
In addition, the most popular pixel paintings in recent years are mostly works created by designers with PHOTOSHOP.
9. Draw or process 3D stickers.
In 3D software, if you can make a good model, you can't put realistic stickers on the model, and you can't get a good rendering effect. In fact, when making materials, it is very important not only to rely on the material function of the software itself, but also to use PHOTOSHOP to make suitable materials that cannot be obtained in three-dimensional software.
10, wedding photo design
At present, more and more wedding photo studios begin to use digital cameras, which makes the processing of wedding photo design become a new industry.
1 1, visual creativity
Visual creativity and design is a branch of design art, which usually has no obvious commercial purpose, but because it provides a broad design space for design lovers, more and more design lovers begin to learn PHOTOSHOP and carry out visual creativity with personal characteristics and styles.
12, icon making
Although using PHOTOSHOP to make icons feels a bit overqualified, the icons made with this software are really beautiful.
13, interface design
Interface design is a new field, which is paid more and more attention by software enterprises and developers. Although it has not yet become a brand-new profession, I believe there will be a professional interface designer profession soon. There is no professional interface design software at present, so most designers use PHOTOSHOP.
The 13 fields of PHOTOSHOP application are listed above, but in fact, its applications are more than these. For example, PHOTOSHOP is also applied to the post-production of film and television and the production of two-dimensional animation.
Photoshop function
Functionally, Photoshop can be divided into image editing, image synthesis, color correction and special effects production.
Image editing is the basis of image processing, which can perform various transformations on images, such as enlargement, reduction, rotation, tilt, mirror image and perspective. You can also copy, remove spots, repair and modify damaged images. This is very useful in wedding photography and portrait processing. It can remove the dissatisfied parts of portraits and beautify them, and get very satisfactory results.
Image synthesis is to combine several images into a complete image with clear meaning through layer operation and tool application, which is the only way for art design. The drawing tools provided by photoshop make foreign images and ideas blend together well, making it possible to synthesize images seamlessly.
Tone color correction is one of the powerful functions in photoshop, which can adjust and correct the color of images conveniently and quickly, and can also switch between different colors to meet the application of images in different fields such as web design, printing and multimedia.
The production of special effects in photoshop is mainly accomplished through the comprehensive application of filters, channels and tools. Including the creation of image special effects and the production of special effects characters, such as oil painting, relief painting, plaster painting, sketch and other commonly used traditional artistic skills can be completed through photoshop special effects. And the production of various special characters are the reasons why many art designers are keen on photoshop research.
At present, the latest version of Adobe Photoshop CS4 not only contains all the functions of Adobe Photoshop CS3, but also adds 3D and video streaming, animation, depth image analysis and other functions.
By using 3D support, people can incorporate 3D content into their 2D works, including editing text in 3D mode. raise
Vanishing point enables designers to take long-distance measurements and output 3D models from the enhanced vanishing point.
[Edit this paragraph] The birth process of ]photoshop
Glenn Knoll, the father of Thomas Knoll, the main designer of Photoshop, is a professor at the University of Michigan and a photographer. His basement is a darkroom. His two sons, Thomas and John, have been playing darkroom with their father since childhood, but John seems to be more interested in the personal computer just released at that time. Later, Thomas became fascinated with personal computers and bought an Apple computer (Mac Plus) at 1987 to help his doctoral thesis.
Thomas found that the Apple computer at that time could not display black and white images in gray scale, so he wrote a program to display it himself. And his brother (brother? John is now working in Industry Light Magic, the film special effects production company of Star Wars director Lucas. He is very interested in Thomas' program. More than a year later, the two brothers replaced Display with a more powerful image editing program. After several renaming, they accepted an exhibitor's suggestion at an exhibition and renamed the program Photoshop. At this point, Display/Photoshop has been adjusted in color scale, color balance and saturation. In addition, John also wrote some programs that later became the basis of plug-ins.
Their first commercial success was to hand over Photoshop to a scanner company for matching and selling. The name is Barneyscan XP, and the version is 0.87. Meanwhile, John continued to look for other buyers, including SuperMac and Aldus, but without success. Finally, they found Russell Brown, the artistic director of Adobe. Russell Brown is already studying whether to consider another company Letraset's ColorStudio image editing program. After seeing Photoshop, he felt that the Knoll brothers' program was more promising. 1August, 988, they verbally decided to cooperate, and the real legal contract was not completed until April of the following year.
One of the key words in the contract is that Adobe has obtained Photoshop's "distribution license", which means authorizing the distribution rather than buying out all copyrights. This laid the foundation for the Keno brothers to become rich later.
Thanks to the efforts of Thomas and other Adobe engineers, Photoshop version 1.0.7 was officially released in February 1990. John knoll also participated in the development of some plug-ins. The first version only had an 800KB floppy disk (Mac).
In the early 1990s, great changes have taken place in the American printing industry, and prepress computerization began to spread. The CYMK function added by Photoshop in version 2.0 is that the printing factory began to hand over the color separation task to users, and a new industry desktop publishing-DTP came into being.
Photoshop version history
1985, Apple Computer Company of the United States took the lead in introducing Macintosh Macintosh series computers with graphical interfaces. 1986 In the summer, Thomas Knoll, a graduate student at the University of Michigan, wrote a program to display gray-scale images on Macintosh Plus. At first, he named the software display, but later this program was discovered by his brother john knoll, who worked for Industrial Light and Magic Company (which used to do special effects for Star Wars 2). John suggested that Thomas use this program for business value. John also participated in the development of early photoshop software, and he developed the plug-in. In a product demonstration, it was suggested that Thomas could be called photoshop. Thomas was very satisfied with the name and later kept it. Later, it was acquired by Adobe, and the name remained.
1In the summer of 988, John searched for investors in Silicon Valley and found Adobe. 1 1 In June, Adobe signed an authorized sales agreement with their brother. Their first commercial success was to hand over Photoshop to a scanner company for matching and selling. The name is Barneyscan XP, and the version is 0.87. Meanwhile, John continued to look for other buyers, including SuperMac and Aldus, but without success. Finally, they found Russell Brown, the artistic director of Adobe. Russell Brown is already studying whether to consider another company Letraset's ColorStudio image editing program. After seeing Photoshop, he felt that the Knoll brothers' program was more promising. 1August, 988, they verbally decided to cooperate, and the real legal contract was not completed until April of the following year. One of the key words in the contract is that Adobe has obtained Photoshop's "distribution license", which means authorizing the distribution rather than buying out all copyrights. This laid the foundation for the Keno brothers to become rich later.
Thanks to the efforts of Thomas and other Adobe engineers, Photoshop version 1.0.7 was officially released in February 1990. John knoll also participated in the development of some plug-ins. The first version only had an 800KB floppy disk (Mac).
In the early 1990s, great changes have taken place in the American printing industry, and prepress computerization began to spread. The CYMK function added by Photoshop in version 2.0 is that the printing factory began to hand over the color separation task to users, and a new industry desktop publishing-DTP came into being.
2.0 Other important new features include support for Adobe's vector editing software Illustrator file, two-color tone and pen tool. The minimum memory requirement is raised from 2MB to 4MB, which has a great influence on improving the stability of the software. Since this version, Adobe has started to use the code name, and the code name of 2.0 is Fast Eddy, which was officially released in June of 199 1. The appearance of 1.0
The next version of Adobe decides to develop and support the Windows version, code-named Brimstone, and the Mac version is Merlin. Strangely, the official version number is 2.5, which is different from the general software release number, because the numbers after the decimal point are usually reserved for modification and upgrade. This version adds support for palettes and 16-bit files. The main feature of version 2.5 is generally recognized support for Windows.
At this time, Photoshop's main competitor in Mac version is fractal design ColorStudio, and Aldus's PhotoStyler is on Windows. Photoshop has far surpassed ColorStudio from the beginning, and it will take some time for the Windows version to catch up with its rivals.
An important new feature of version 3.0 is the layer. The Mac version was released in September 1994, and the Windows version was released in September 10 165438. Although another software, Live Picture, supported the concept of layers at that time, there were also rumors in the industry that Photoshop engineers copied the concept of Live Picture. In fact, Thomas began to study the concept of layer very early.
The main improvement of version 4.0 is the user interface. At this time, Adobe decided to unify the user interface of Photoshop with other Adobe products. In addition, the program usage process has also changed. Some old users are resistant to this, and even some users go to online websites to protest. But after a period of use, they accepted new changes.
Adobe realized the importance of Photoshop at this moment, and they decided to buy out all rights of Photoshop. The details of how much money the Noel brothers earned for this are unknown, but it must be quite a lot.
Version 5.0 introduced the concept of history, which was different from the general revocation and attracted cheers from the industry at that time. Color management is also a new feature of 5.0. Although it caused some controversy at that time, it later proved to be a great progress in Photoshop history. Version 5.0 was officially released in May 1998. A year later, Adobe released version X.5 again, this time version 5.5, which mainly increased support for Web functions and included Image Ready 2.0.
Version 6.0, released in September 2000, mainly improved the fluency of other Adobe tools exchange, but the real major improvement waited until version 7.0, which was an event in March 2002.
Prior to this, most of the pictures processed by Photoshop came from scanning. In fact, most of the functions of Photoshop have nothing to do with digital cameras that became popular in the late 1990s. Version 7.0 adds image modification tools, such as healing brush, and some basic digital camera functions, such as EXIF data and file browser.
After enjoying great commercial success, Photoshop began to feel threatened in the 265,438+0th century, especially the software for processing the original files of digital cameras, including the software provided by various manufacturers and other competitors such as Phase One(Capture One). Thomas Knoll, who has retired, personally led the team to develop the PS RAW(7.0) plug-in.
In the subsequent development process, the official version number of photoshop 8.0 is CS, the version number of 9.0 is CS2, the version number of 10.0 is CS3, and the version number of 1 1.0 is CS4.
CS is the abbreviation of the last two words in a set of Adobe Creative Suite software, which stands for "creative collection" and is a unified design environment. Use Adobe Photoshop CS2, Illustrator CS2, InDesign CS2, GoLive CS2 and Acrobat 7.0 Professional software with Version Cue CS2, Adobe Bridge and Adobe Stock Photos.
The latest version is Adobe Photoshop CS4.
History of important versions of Adobe photoshop:
Version of the operating system to develop the new function of code release date
0.63 Apple Computer19881October
1.0 Macintosh1February 990
2.0 Macintosh Fast Vortex 199 1 June Path
2.5 Macintosh Falcon 1992 65438+ October
Windows sulfur 1992 1 month
Irix/Solaris1993165438+October
3.0 Macintosh Tiger Mountain1September 994 Palette Labels and Layers
Windows/irix/Solaris199411month.
4.0 Macintosh, Windows electric cat 1996 1 1 adjustable layer, editable type (rasterized immediately after adding the previous version).
5.0 Macintosh, Windows Weird Goods 1998 may be revoked many times (history panel), color management.
5.5 Macintosh, Windows 1999 bundled ImageReady in February and stored it as a web page, absorbing and vector image.
6.0 Macintosh, Venus in Windows September 2000 hair update user interface, "dissolve" filter, layer mode/mixed layer.
7.0 Mac Classic /OS X, Windows Flowing Sky March 2002 Text Vectorization, Repair Brush, New Painting Engine.
7.0. 1 MAC Classic/OS X, Windows supported camera RAW 1.x (optional plug-in) in August 2002.
CS (8.0) Mac OS X, Windows Dark Matter supported camera RAW 2.x in June, 5438 +2003 10, highly modified "slicing tool", shadow/highlight command, color matching command, "lens blur" filter, real-time histogram, detecting and recycling the scanned images of various banknotes, using the DRM copy protection technology of Safecast and supporting JavaScript.
CS2 Mac OS X, Windows Space Monkey supports camera RAW 3.x in April, 2008, smart objects, image distortion, point recovery brushes, red-eye tools, lens correction filters, smart sharpening, smart guides, vanishing points, improving memory management when a 64-bit PowerPC G5 Macintosh computer runs Mac OS X 10.4, supporting high dynamic range imaging, and more blooming options, such as "spots".
CS3 All MAC OS X and Windows Red Pill can be used on Intel's Macintosh platform in April 2007 to enhance support for Windows Vista, new user interface, new features of Adobe camera raw and quick tool selection. Curve, vanishing point, channel mixer, brightness and contrast, improvement of printing dialog window, black-and-white conversion adjustment, automatic merging and mixing, intelligent (lossless) filter, image support for mobile devices, improvement of cloning and repair, more complete 32-bit /HDR support (layers, drawings, more filters and adjustments), and quick start.
CS4 Full Mac OS X, Windows Stonehenge On September 23rd, 2008, Adobe CS4 suite had more than 100 innovations, with special emphasis on simplifying workflow and improving design efficiency. Photoshop CS4 supports intelligent content-based scaling, 64-bit operating system and larger memory, and GPGPU general computing acceleration based on OpenGL.
[Edit this paragraph] 2. PS refers to "postscript" and "postscript"
PS is the abbreviation of postscript (remark, which can also be interpreted as postscript and postscript)
1, (signature at the end of the letter) Furthermore, there is; P.S., P.S. , PS or p.s.
2. Appendices (to books, etc.). ); postscript
3.[ English] Conclusion (after news broadcast)
[Edit this paragraph] 3. PS font
PS refers to PS font. PS font is a curve outline font described in Adobe's PostScript language. PS font is designed for the output of PS equipment, mainly used for the output of laser printers and laser imagesetters. Because the screen is not a PS device, PS words are not used for screen display, so PS words should be displayed in the corresponding dot matrix font when used. PS font is the best print quality font, which can be scaled at will and printed clearly and smoothly. PS fonts are generally installed on the hard disk connected to the printer or imagesetter. PS language is an international standard and the most advanced page description language. Because of its advantages in accurately describing characters and images, it has become the most advanced laser printing language, and its ability far exceeds that of PCL language.
[Edit this paragraph] 4. Sony PS game machine
PS is a famous playstation series of Sony Corporation in Japan, which is translated into "game workstation" in Chinese.
At present, the released PS versions are PS, PSone, PS2, PSP and PS3.
PlayStation
Old PSPlayStation is Sony's first home TV game entertainment platform launched in 1994. A few years after the launch of PS, it not only successfully defeated the SS (Sega Saturn) game machine of Japanese Sega Company, but also became the dominant player in the game industry by virtue of PS.
Host performance:
CPU:r-3000 a 32-bit RISC CPU (33.8688mhz) (operation speed: 30MIPS).
Memory: 28Mbit (main RAM 16Mbit, VRAM 8BIT, sound RAM 4Mbit), extended memory card.
Ultra-thin PS display: resolution: 256 X 244 (maximum 640 X 480)
Maximum number of colors:16.77 million colors.
Special display functions: zoom in and out, rotate, deform, multi-scroll, elephant skin mud effect, etc. , a screen can display up to 4000 active colors at the same time, and can process 360,000 polygons per second.
Sound: There are 24 PCM sound sources, and the signal sampling frequency is 44. 1KHz, which is the same as CD music.
Peripheral equipment: expansion memory card, mouse, movie card, remote communication terminal, various hand-held equipment, etc.
Game machine 2
The old version of PS2PlayStation 2, referred to as PS2, is Sony's computer entertainment host. On March 4, 2000, 128-bit home game machine was launched.
On the day it was listed in Japan, it caused a buying frenzy. In 2004, an ultra-thin version of the PS2 game machine (named PlayStation Two, compared with the mini version of PS-PlayStation One) was launched worldwide. By 2005, the global sales volume had exceeded110 million units. Sony beat Sega's DC console and Microsoft's XBOX again with the advanced performance of PS2, and won the title of video game platform for the second time.
Although XBOX360, PS3, WII and other next-generation consoles have been on the market for some time, PS2 is still in the leading position in terms of hardware and game sales. If you really want to catch up with and surpass the brilliance of PS2, I'm afraid it's really not easy. Ultra-thin PS2
Game model Sony PS2 game console
The central processing unit Emotion Engine of processor PS2, like Platinum III, adopts the latest semiconductor technology 0. 18, and the clock speed is 300Mhz, which is one third faster than Dreamcast.
Memory 32MB
The pixel filling rate is 2.4G pixels/second.
Polygon performance can handle up to 75 million polygons per second.
Floating-point operation performance 6.2 GFLOPs MPEG2
Hd format 480i
Game carrier DVD
Handle wired handle
Memory expansion memory card
Black or white
Size 182×30 1×78
Weight 2.5KG
Power supply 1 10V-220V
Power consumption 40W
Attachment PS2 original handle, manual 1 copy, warranty card, power adapter and AV cable.
Game machine 3
The old PS3PlayStation 3 is the next generation PlayStation game machine (PS3 for short) developed by SCEI Sony Computer Entertainment Company. It was released at the E3 Game Show in mid-May, 2005, and it is planned to be listed at the price of 1 1 in June, 2006.
The detailed specification of PlayStation 3 is the "Cell”CPU jointly developed by SCE, Toshiba and IBM. "Cell" is a high-performance processor, and its biggest feature is the network decentralized computing function called "Cell operation". The embedded Cell in PS3 can connect the home server and the TV set into a part of the bit network. The situation is just like grid operation, and instructions are distributed in real time. Through the optical fiber network, "cells" can be connected with other "cells" and become the computing power comparable to supercomputers.
The PS3 will be compatible with Blu-ray Disc (BD-ROM is a Blu-ray DVD) specification, and backward compatible with CD-ROM and DVD-ROM game discs made by PlayStation and PlayStation 2.
It can be said that the PS3 is the most powerful host at present, and Sony has given high expectations to this host, hoping that the glory of the PS2 will continue.
Sony PS3 80G game console model
Processor IBM Cell 3.2GHz
Display chip RSX 550 MHz
Memory 256MB XDR main memory, 256MB GDDR3 main memory.
Hard disk 80G detachable 2.5 inch SATA
Pixel filling rate: 8 vertex shading rendering pipelines and 24 pixel shading rendering pipelines.
Floating-point operation 2 TFLOPS
Hd formats 480i, 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p.
Game carrier blue light
Reading speed BD × 2, DVD × 8, CD × 24, supersonic CD × 2.
Network function network download, network browsing, network online upgrade, online game battle.
Wireless 3 Ethernet (100base-t, 100base-tx,100base-t), WiFi and bluetooth.
Bluetooth bluetooth 2.0
HDMI HDMI 1.3
Sound effects support Dolby 5. 1 channel surround sound effects, DTS, linear PCM and other audio formats.
Handle blue wireless six-axis handle
Interface 4 USB2.0, 1 HDMI, 1 terminal output analog, 1 audio-visual multiplex output interface, 1 digital output interface.
Memory stick/memory stick duo/ memory stick pro memory card, SD card, miniSD card, CF card.
Other functions of hard disk audio and video playback are supported by third-party software.
Carbon black for coloring
Size 325x98x274mm
Weighing 5 kg
Power supply 1 10V-250V power adapter
Power consumption is 380W.
Attachment 6: There are 1 shaft handle, 1 power cord, 1 handle USB mini charging cable, 1 network cable, 1 audio/video/mixed cable.