Zhu Guangqian (1897 ~ 1986) was born in September 1897. He supported Marxism, studied in Empty City High School, was admitted to tongcheng middle school, and taught at Daguan Primary School in Beixiang after graduation. In his youth, he studied in tongcheng middle school and Wuchang Teachers College, and later graduated from the Faculty of Arts of Hong Kong University. Fang Shoudun, a famous calligrapher in Tongcheng, was also asked to write a banner with the motto "Constant, Sky, Success and Forever". During the May 4th Movement, he resolutely abandoned classical Chinese and rewritten vernacular Chinese. 192 1 year, Zhu Guangqian published his first vernacular novel "Freud's Implicit Consciousness Theory and Psychoanalysis", and then published "behavioral psychology and Outline and Criticism of Evolutionary Argument", which initially formed his own views on academic research and academic research activities. From 65438 to 0922, he advocated cultivating "the spirit of loving truth", "the spirit of scientific criticism", "the spirit of creation" and "the spirit of positivism" on how to transform the academic circles. These views have always influenced his long academic path. After graduating from the University of Hong Kong, he successively taught in the Middle School Department of China College of Shanghai University and chunhui middle school of Baima Lake in Shangyu, Zhejiang Province. 1924 wrote the first aesthetic article "The Beauty of Wordlessness". He also went to Shanghai with Ye Shengtao, Hu Yuzhi, Xia Yan, Xia Mianzun and Feng Zikai to establish Lida Society. , founded Lida Academy, extensively carried out new educational reform experiments, and advocated freedom and independence of education.
From 65438 to 0925, he went abroad to study, and successively studied at the University of Edinburgh, the University of London, the University of Paris and the University of Strasbourg, France, and obtained a master's degree and a doctor's degree. /kloc-returned to China in October, 1933, and taught in National Peking University, National Sichuan University, National Wuhan University and National Anhui University successively. Honorary President of Ren Zhonghua National Aesthetic Society. Member of the Standing Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference, Central Committee of NLD, President and Honorary President of China Aesthetic Society, Consultant of Chinese Writers Association, Member of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. In 1930s and 1940s, Zhu Guangqian believed that in the aesthetic experience, the mind is only an intuition, and the object presented to the mind is only an image. Therefore, aesthetic attitude is different from scientific attitude and practical attitude. It does not involve concepts and practicality, but only focuses on the appreciation of an isolated and insulated image.
After liberation, Zhu Guangqian systematically contacted Marxism. After criticizing my previous idealistic aesthetic thought, I put forward the aesthetic view that beauty is the dialectical unity of subjective and objective, and think that beauty must be based on objective things, and subjective ideology or interest can make things become the image of things, and then become beauty. He also enriched and developed his own aesthetic thoughts with the practical viewpoint of Marxist aesthetics (that is, taking subjectivity as the subject of practitioners and thinking that the objective world and subjectivity can be unified in practice), and formed an influential aesthetic school. The History of Western Aesthetics is the most important work published by Zhu Guangqian after liberation, and it is also the first aesthetic history work written by China scholars. It represents the level of China's research on western aesthetic thoughts, and has a pioneering academic value. After 1950, he put forward the theory of the unity of subject and object, arguing that beauty must be based on objective things, in addition to the role of subjective ideology or interest, so that things become the image of things, and then produce beauty.
In 1960s, he emphasized the practical viewpoint of Marxism, took subjectivity as the main body of practice, and thought that the objective world and subjective initiative were unified in practice. During the Cultural Revolution, Zhu Guangqian was treated unfairly, but he still studied the original works of Marxism-Leninism seriously and systematically, trying to understand the truth. 1984 Zhu Guangqian was awarded honorary professor by the University of Hong Kong. 1On March 6, 986, Zhu Guangqian died in Beijing at the age of 88. Zhu Guangqian is a first-class professor in Peking University and an academician of China Academy of Social Sciences. He was elected as a member of the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth China People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Standing Committee of the Sixth CPPCC, a member of the Third and Fourth NLD Central Committee, a member of the Joint Committee of China Literary and Art Circles, and an executive director of the China Foreign Literature Society.
Zhu Guangqian mainly compiles Psychology of Literature and Art, Psychology of Tragedy, On Beauty, On Poetry, On Literature, Review of Croce's Philosophy, History of Western Aesthetics, Essays on Aesthetic Criticism, Notes on Aesthetics and Selected Aesthetics. , and successively translated Goethe's Conversation, Plato's Literary Dialogue and G.W.F Zhu Guangqian, who not only wrote a lot, but also had lofty academic spirit and noble academic character. He dared to criticize himself and persistently sought the truth: when he realized that it was "trying to beat around the bush" to study aesthetics under the idealistic system in the past, he began to use more advanced Marxism to guide his research and make his aesthetic thoughts move towards the truth; He opposes aging and rigidity and advocates continuous progress. In order to facilitate the study of Marxism-Leninism, he began to teach himself Russian at the age of 60. Even at the age of 80, he wrote Letters on the United States and Selected Works of Aesthetics, and translated Vico's New Science, the first social science work in modern times. He has been studying and researching all his life.
Zhu Guangqian is proficient in English, French and German, and has translated more than 3 million words of works for decades. Among them, his translation of Hegel 165438+ million-word masterpiece Aesthetics won him a historic high reputation. His other translated works include Eichmann's conversation with Goethe, Lessing's laocoon, Croce's aesthetic principles, Louis Hallap's artistic social roots and Plato's literary dialogue. In addition, through systematic and serious research, he also put forward some valuable suggestions on some translations of Marxist classic works, such as Outline on Feuerbach, Das Kapital and Dialectics of Nature.
Zhu Guangqian is a patriotic intellectual who takes saving the country and rejuvenating the country as his own responsibility. In the long years of old China, although the road was tortuous, he pursued the truth and yearned for the light. In the complicated struggle, he found the right direction and saw the trend of historical development. At the critical moment of the night before liberation, he flatly rejected the threats and inducements of the Kuomintang authorities and resolutely decided to stay in Beijing. In the days of welcoming liberation with the broad masses of the people, he said excitedly: "I am like an orphan who left home, and I have returned to my mother's arms and recovered my youth." After liberation, he unswervingly supported the leadership of China * * * production party, adhered to the socialist road, and treated the party wholeheartedly. Although he was treated unfairly, his determination to the party and socialism and his belief in serving the motherland and the people never wavered. After the downfall of the Gang of Four, he wholeheartedly supported the line, principles and policies of the Party since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. He is full of energy and vigor, actively translating famous works, writing manuscripts, giving speeches, guiding graduate students and making unremitting progress in the field of academic research and education. 1March, 983, invited to give a lecture at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. From the beginning, he declared his identity: I was not born and raised in party member, but a Marxist. This is his solemn evaluation of his later life.
Zhu Guangqian studied Chinese and Western culture, making the past serve the present. He communicated western aesthetics with traditional aesthetics in China, old idealism aesthetics with Marxist aesthetics and modern aesthetics in China since the May 4th Movement with his profound research. He is a "bridge" in China's aesthetic history, spanning ancient and modern times and connecting China and foreign countries. He is also the most famous master of aesthetics in modern and contemporary China, and has won a high international reputation.