Calligraphy is a unique traditional culture and art in China. It is a rule of Chinese character writing, also known as "calligraphy".

Chinese characters, also known as Chinese characters and Chinese characters, are widely used in the cultural circle of Chinese characters and belong to morpheme syllables of ideographic characters. They were invented and improved by China people in ancient times, and the exact history can be traced back to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty about 1300 BC. From Xiao Zhuan in Qin Dynasty to Xiao Zhuan in Han Dynasty, they were all named as "Chinese characters". In Tang Dynasty, it became the standard handwritten font used today-regular script. Chinese characters are the main characters that have been used for the longest time so far, and they are also the only characters that have been passed down to this day in various ancient writing systems. In China, Chinese characters are the main official languages of several generations.

Calligraphy in a broad sense refers to the writing rules of language symbols. In other words, calligraphy refers to writing with its brushwork, structure and composition according to the characteristics and significance of words, making it a beautiful work of art. With the development of cultural undertakings, calligraphy is not limited to using brush and writing Chinese characters, but its connotation has greatly increased. For example, in the use of tools, there are many kinds of pens, such as writing brushes, hard pens, computer instruments, spray gun branding tools, carving knives, engraving machines, and daily tools (mainly hardware and daily tools with hard texture that can be used for writing). Pigments are not just

Calligraphy exhibition (6 pieces) uses black ink blocks, ink, adhesives, chemicals, paints and glazes, etc., which are colorful and various wonders; There are too many varieties to mention one by one. From the way of writing, some people write with their hands, others with their feet, and many people write with other organs. Some people don't even use pens at all, such as "pointing at books" and "squeezing books". In terms of writing style, it is not a kind of Chinese characters, and some minority languages have also entered the calligraphy art world, and Mongolian is an example; From the point of view of style and composition, in addition to the authentic traditional calligraphy school, there is also an "Yi" school in China, which is called modern calligraphy. Innovating on the basis of traditional calligraphy, highlighting the word "change", integrating poetry, calligraphy and painting, striving for the unity of form and content, and making the work a masterpiece of "beauty in meaning, beauty in sound and beauty in form". In Japan, many calligraphers abandoned the language of writing and established the "image" of writing, and the school of "ink image" came into being to write various writing images with the weight of the pen, the opening and closing of Ji Xu and the nib, and the change of writing posture. All these (of course, not only these) can be seen that calligraphy, like other things, is constantly developing and changing, and must be highly valued by people in the calligraphy field.

There are five main calligraphy styles in China, namely, regular script (including regular script and printed script), running script (including running script and cursive script), cursive script (including Cao Zhang, grass, grass and standard cursive script), official script (including Gu Li and Jin Li) and seal script (including Da Zhuan and Xiao Zhuan).

In addition, there are Mongolian calligraphy, Arabic calligraphy and Japanese calligraphy derived from Chinese calligraphy.

Famous calligraphers in ancient China

There were many famous calligraphers in ancient China, among which Wang Xizhi, Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Zhao Mengfu, Zhang Xu, Huai Su, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Chu Suiliang and Mi Fei were the most outstanding.

Wang Xizhi

Wang Xizhi (303-36 1 Eastern Jin Dynasty) was called a "book saint". Shao Yi, whose name is Lian Zhai, was originally from Linyi (now Shandong) and later moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He is a right army general and a great calligrapher. The representative works are: Preface to Lanting, a Running Script; The cursive "Seventeen Posts"; Running script "Aunt Post", "Sunny Post in the Snow" and "Funeral Post"; Regular script "Le Yi Lun", "Huang Tingjing" and so on. It has the reputation of being the best running script in the world. The written words are dignified and delicate, floating like clouds, studying objects and images, imitating the heart and chasing hands, learning from others' strengths, and melting into one furnace, creating a running script of "nature is natural, and God enriches the people."

Ouyang Xun

Ou Yangxun (557-64 1) was born in Linxiang, Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan). Ou Yangxun is known as the first regular script in Tang Dynasty for his rigorous brushwork and precipitous brushwork. Representative regular script includes Jiuchenggong Li Quanming, Huangfu Birthday Monument, Huadu Temple Monument and Lanting Collection of regular script. Running script is a kind of running script with thousands of words. Later generations saw the danger in the middle of the book and took the lead in learning, which is called "European style"

Yan Zhenqing

Yan Zhenqing (709-785), a native of Zhongdota, Yan Zhenqing, was an outstanding calligrapher in the middle Tang Dynasty. Chu Suiliang was a beginner, and later learned Zhang Xu's brushwork. He also absorbed the characteristics of the four schools in the early Tang Dynasty and accepted the brushwork of Zhuanli and the Northern Wei Dynasty. He completed the vigorous and broad creation of colorful regular script, which set a model for regular script in Tang Dynasty. His "Yan Ti" regular script, together with Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun, is also called "the four masters of regular script". Also known as "strict care" with Liu Gongquan. Yan's Temple Monument is rich in calligraphy, which is also his masterpiece in his later years. Handed down from ancient times, there is a staff, a manuscript for offering sacrifices to my nephew, and a staff made by Liu Zhong, who made a confession from the book.

Liu Gongquan

Liu Gongquan (778 -865), a tablet of Liu Gongquan's strategy, was the last famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. Born in Jingyuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province), he was an official of the Prince and was called "Liu". Because he was also named Duke of Hedong by the emperor, later generations also called him "Liu Hedong". He is a descendant of Yan Zhenqing, and later called them "Yan Liu", which became a model of calligraphy in past dynasties. Liu Gongquan wrote many monuments in his life, including The Diamond Sutra, The Li Sheng Monument and The Mysterious Pagoda Monument.

Xu Zhang

Zhang Xu (675-750? ), word, word, Han nationality, Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the Tang Dynasty. Changshu county magistrate Zeng Guan and the long history of Jin Wu. Good cursive script, good wine, known as the world Zhang Dian, is also one of the "eight immortals drinking." At that time, his cursive script, together with Li Bai's poems and Pei's dance, was called the "Three Wonders", and his poems were unique and good at the Seven Wonders. The Eight Immortals with Li Bai, He and others. Tang Wenzong once wrote a letter, regarding Li Bai's poems, Pei Min's sword dance and Zhang Xu's cursive script as "three unique skills". He also wrote poems, and was called "Four Gentlemen of Wuzhong" with He, Zhang and Bao Rong. There are "Stomach Pain Sticks" and "Four-character Poems" handed down from ancient times.

Su Shi's four ancient poems "Zhang Xu" are Su Shi (103765438+1October 8-1August 24, 2008), a native of Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan, Meishan, Northern Song Dynasty). My ancestral home is Luancheng. A famous writer, painter, poet and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi's masterpiece "Huangzhou Cold Food Temple Sticker" was one of the eight famous writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was the third best calligrapher in the world, representing the unrestrained poets. His poetry, ci, fu and prose all have high achievements, and he is good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of literature and art in China, and he is also recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in the history of China for thousands of years. His prose and Ouyang Xiu are called Ou Su; Poetry and Huang Tingjian are also called Su Huang; Ci and Xin Qiji are collectively called Su Xin; Calligraphy is listed as one of the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. His paintings started the Huzhou School of Painting.

Su Shi's main calligraphy masterpieces include: Old Fu in Zhongshan and Song Dynasty, Fu in Spring in Dongting, Appreciation of Teachers' Papers, Tie on the River, Poems by Li Baixian, Tie in Zi Ling, Preface to Huai Su, etc.

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words explanation

Regular script with brush is an advanced art with statutes. Focus on "statutes"! The difference between calligraphers and calligraphers is that there is "Fa" but no "Fa". One of the traditional arts. Refers to the art of writing Chinese characters with a brush, such as seal, official, correct, line and grass. Techniques pay attention to writing, pen, stippling, structure and composition, which are closely related to traditional painting and seal cutting in China. It has a history of more than 3,000 years, with the bronze inscriptions of Shang and Zhou Dynasties as the bud; Later, Qin Zhuan, Han Li, Jin Cao, Wei Bei, Tang Kai and Song Xing were all good at winning.