In this report, you should introduce the contents, methods, expected results, scientificity, innovation and conditions of your graduation thesis. In order to convince the judges that your project has research value and feasibility. The opening report refers to the written explanation of the scientific research topic by the opening person. This is a new applied style with the enhancement of the planning of modern scientific research activities and the need of programmed management of scientific research topics. The opening report is a statement made by the project undertaker to relevant experts, scholars and scientific and technological personnel. Then they will comment on the scientific research topics. You can also use "Delphi method" to score; Then the scientific research management department comprehensively evaluates the opinions and decides whether to approve the project. The opening report is one of the basic materials for the graduation thesis defense Committee to examine students' defense qualifications.
The opening report includes four aspects: summary, key technology, feasibility analysis and time arrangement. Because the opening report reflects the main idea of the paper in words, it doesn't have to be too long, but the main issues such as the planned research topic, how to study and the application of theory should be clearly written. The opening report is generally in tabular format, and each item to be reported is converted into the corresponding column, which is convenient for the opening report to fill in according to the column and avoid omission; It is also convenient for the judges to see at a glance and grasp the main points. The general part of the opening report should first propose the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic, the research status, theoretical application and research methods of related topics. The contents of the opening report are as follows: project name, undertaker, project leader, starting and ending years, and registration outline. The registration outline includes: (1) the purpose and significance of the project, the general situation of research at home and abroad, and the main viewpoints and conclusions of relevant literature; (2) Research object, research content, relevant indicators and main research methods (including whether experimental research has been conducted); (3) the overall schedule; (4) preparatory work and existing conditions (including personnel, instruments and equipment, etc.). ); (5) The main equipment and instruments to be added (use, name, specification, model, quantity, price, etc.). ); (6) Budget estimates; (7) Expected research results; (8) Undertaking units and main cooperative units, and division of labor, etc. Peer review focuses on judging the basis, significance and technical feasibility of the topic. That is, science and technology itself provide the necessary basis for decision-making.
Edit the format of this opening report (General)
Summarizing the opening report is the general idea of the paper embodied in words, so it doesn't need to be too long, but it should include two parts: general introduction and outline, so as to make clear the main problems of planned research, how to study and the application of theory.
General introduction
The general part of the opening report should first put forward the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic, the research status, theoretical application, research methods and necessary data of related topics.
summary
The outline of the paper included in the opening report can be very thick, which is a basic framework for research ideas. It can be in the form of a whole sentence or an outline. In the opening stage, the purpose of the outline is to let people know the basic framework of the paper, and it is not necessary to be as detailed as the paper catalogue.
refer to
The opening report shall include a list of relevant references.
ask
The opening report should have a cover, with a total of not less than 4 pages. The layout format shall meet the following requirements.
Example of editing this opening report
Student: 1. Significance of topic selection 1, theoretical significance 2. Practical significance II. Abstract 1, the origin and evolution of theory II. A summary of foreign related research. A summary of domestic research. My opinion on the above summary 3. Introduction of the paper 1. 1, 2,3 ... 2,3,3,1,2,3, conclusion 4. Thesis writing progress outline of graduation thesis opening report 1. Cover of opening report: paper title, department, major, grade, name and tutor 2. Purpose, significance and research survey at home and abroad. Theoretical basis, research methods and research contents. Research.
Edit the writing method of this opening report.
How to choose a question
What has been lingering in my mind is a question repeatedly asked by my tutor, Professor Lan Xue, during more than a year of writing the opening report of the doctoral thesis: "What is your confusion?" How many times have I answered, "My question is, why can't China's semiconductor industry develop?" Teacher Xue, with her unique implication, just laughed. I was annoyed and depressed: what's wrong with such a simple truth and such an obvious answer? ! The secret lies in the "level" of asking questions. Different from policy research reports, academic articles focus on the theoretical level and solve theoretical problems. A theory is a logical system composed of a series of premises and terms. Theories in specific fields have their specific concepts, categories and research paradigms. Only under the same concepts, perspectives and paradigms can theories talk; Only through dialogue can theory develop. Few master's and doctoral dissertations create new theories, which is of course the best, but it is difficult. Most of us have developed on the basis of existing theories, so when asking questions, we should use terms and clear logic that "experts" can understand. Look at my initial question, "Why can't China's semiconductor industry develop?" This is only an exploration of phenomena, not a theoretical proposition to be verified. My theoretical proposition is: "Is China's industrial policy process an elite-led knowledge process?" In this proposition, the three terms "policy process", "elite politics" and "pursuit of knowledge" outline the theoretical scope and perspective of the study. Secondly, multiple-choice questions are a process of "peeling bamboo shoots". Theoretical problems are always hidden behind the complex reality, and the ability to use theoretical thinking is needed to discover theoretical problems. The training of theoretical thinking is a long-term accumulation process. However, novices need not be discouraged. Generally speaking, they can go in three steps: the first step is to define a "scope of interest", such as semiconductor industry, information industry, rural medical care, higher education system and so on. , and extensively browse relevant media reports, government documents and academic articles to find out the "crux" or "hot spot". The second step is to summarize the theoretical perspectives and theoretical tools used by researchers in the past to analyze "crux" or "hot spot", such as public finance perspective and social conflict paradigm. The third step is to investigate the feasibility of the problem, which is our own research space and feasibility. For example, can't western theories explain China's problems? Or can the same problem be explained by different theories? Or is the premise and logical deduction of the theory itself flawed? By answering these questions, we found the foothold of our own research. However, we should also pay attention to whether it is possible to complete our research within the specified time of one or two years. Is data acquisition feasible? Wait a minute. Finally, how to state the problem? In essence, stating the problem is the process of condensing the core idea. Views should come from thinking and summarizing practical problems, rather than "cutting feet and fitting shoes" in order to establish a theory. China's political, economic and social development is full of vitality and rich scenes. How can we express it in proper terms and accurate logic? Ambitious beginners often put forward grand concepts or frameworks, but my suggestion is to narrow the scope of research as much as possible and make clear the research object, so as to clarify the internal logic of the object and ensure the completion of standardized academic papers in a limited time. For example, China Semiconductor Industry Policy Research is a very vague statement. We can narrow down the topic from several aspects: (1) Time: from 1980 to 2000; (2) Target: government rebels and decision-making behavior, not market, enterprise, governance structure, etc. (3) Perspective: elite research in politics and government theory; (4) Case: Project 908, Project 909, document 13 and electronic revitalization were two major projects and two important documents in the field of semiconductor policy during the period of 1980-2000. Through such a clear definition, we will focus on several obvious concepts such as "policy process", "elite" and "* * * knowledge", and the problem will come to the bottom. At the same time, the problem is clear, and we have clear standards when screening information and materials, which can greatly improve the research efficiency in this era of "information redundancy".
How to carry out literature review
First of all, we should distinguish between "literature review" and "background description". When we choose to study the problem, we need to know the background and context of the problem, such as "the development course of semiconductor industry in China" and "the policies and problems of foreign governments in developing semiconductor industry". These contents belong to "background description" and focus on practical problems. Strictly speaking, they are not "literature review". "Literature review" is the arrangement of academic viewpoints and theoretical methods. Secondly, literature review is critical (review is "comment"), so we should summarize and comment on the literature with the author's own critical thinking, not just "piling up" academic research in related fields. The main line of comments should be based on the question, that is, how do other scholars view and solve your questions, and whether their methods and theories are flawed? If other scholars have solved your problem perfectly, there is no need to repeat the research. Understand the significance of literature review, now talk about how to do literature review. Although it is a responsible research attitude to collect information as widely as possible, it is easy to lead people into the quagmire of literature without standards. Tip 1: aim at the mainstream. Mainstream literature, such as core journals, classic works, research reports of full-time departments, opinions and discussions of important compounds, etc. , is a "compulsory course" for literature review. Most of the related reports or comments in the mass media, though somewhat valuable, can be simplified due to the limited time and energy. How to find out the mainstream in this field? It is suggested to start with the following aspects: first, Chinese and foreign academic journals in the library should "follow the trail" after finding one or two "classic" articles and pay attention to references. High-quality academic articles usually do not ignore the mainstream and classic literature in this field. Secondly, we can find some early classic documents by using China periodical network, foreign periodical database retrieval and foreign back issue reading room of school library. Third, the national library. Some social science books published in the 1970s and 1980s or even earlier are often not collected by school libraries, but there are quite a few national maps (all books published in China must be submitted to the National Library). In addition, the national map also contains many foreign books about China's politics and government, which can be easily found on the Internet. Tip 2: organize at any time, such as classifying documents, recording document information and collection locations. It takes a long time to write a doctoral thesis. Some documents may not be used at that time, but they can't be found afterwards, so sometimes they need to be recorded. Servant Luo has accumulated a list of books to study the policy process in China, specifically recording the book classification number and collection place. At the same time, for particularly important documents, you might as well make a reading note and extract important viewpoints and expositions. In this way, one step at a time, when I really started writing my thesis, I accumulated a lot of "dry goods" that I could enjoy at any time. Tip 3: Organize the literature review according to the problems. After reading some documents, we have a strong desire to state everything we see, like "spill the beans from the bamboo tube", which is magnificent and spectacular. It seems that I must prove to the readers that I have worked hard. I wrote a literature review of hundreds of thousands of words, and later found that only a few thousand words were really meaningful. Literary criticism is like opening a path in the jungle of literature. This road is intended to point to the problem we want to solve. Of course, the straight line distance is the shortest and the most convenient. However, there are many scenery along the way, and people who are obsessed with scenery often bypass the winding jungle. On the other hand, "flowers are getting lost" and "winding paths lead to seclusion" are nowhere to be found. Therefore, when doing literature review, we should always keep a clear head: what problems I want to solve, how others solve them, and whether what I said makes sense.
How to write an opening report
The problem is clear, the literature review is done, and the opening report is ready. The same is true, a clear question often implies the basic conclusion of the paper; Comments on the shortcomings of the existing literature also basically suggest the direction of improvement. The opening report is to clearly show the logical reasoning of these implied conclusions and argumentation conclusions. The purpose of writing the opening report is to ask teachers and experts to help us judge whether this problem has research value, whether this research method is possible, and whether this argument logic has obvious defects. Therefore, the main contents of the opening report should be carried out in the following aspects: research purpose and significance, literature review and theoretical space, basic arguments and research methods, data collection methods and work steps. Among them, "basic arguments and research methods" is the focus. Many people often spend a lot of ink on literature review, but when it comes to their own research methods, they just say a few words and pass by. In this case, how does the judging teacher judge your research prospects? How to give practical guidance and suggestions for your own research methods? The research methods of different topics are quite different. A rigorous and standardized academic research must be supported by rigorous and standardized methods. In the daily teaching of doctoral courses, some teachers are committed to teaching research methods; Others emphasized the problem of methodology. All these are beneficial for each of us to improve our understanding, understanding, selection and application of research methods and put them into practice in our own thesis work. Opening Report (Style Form) Title: Last Name: Grade: Class Level: Result Form: Completion Time: Instructor: I. Purpose and Significance of the Research II. Main research contents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3. Main research methods and means 1, 2, 3, 4. Table 1-1Opening Report (in tabular form) Topic: Topic: Tutor: Project Team Member: Team Leader: Brief Background Description (how the topic was proposed): Purpose and significance of the topic: activity plan:1) Division of tasks: field investigation: surfing the Internet: consulting written materials:
The basic writing method of editing this opening report
summary
The basic content and order of the opening report: the purpose and significance of the paper; Overview of research at home and abroad; The main problems to be studied and solved in this paper; The main content (outline) of the proposed paper; Progress of paper plan; Others. The core content is "the main problems to be studied and solved in this paper". When writing, you can write this part first, and then write other parts on this basis. The specific requirements are as follows:
The problems to be studied and solved in this paper.
Clearly put forward the specific academic problems to be solved in the paper, that is, the innovation of the paper. Clearly point out the viewpoints, conclusions, solutions, phased achievements ... Comment on the shortcomings of the above literature research achievements. Put forward your ideas or solutions for paper preparation, and briefly describe the preliminary reasons. Your viewpoint or method is the core content that needs to be demonstrated through the research and writing of the paper. Putting forward and demonstrating is the purpose and task of the paper, so it is not a conclusion. It may be overturned in the research, or it may not get the result. The purpose of the opening report is to ask experts to help judge whether your problem is worth studying and whether the viewpoints and methods you want to demonstrate can be studied. Generally, three or four questions are put forward, which can be several sub-questions under a big problem or several parallel related problems.
Research status at home and abroad
In the literature review, only the frontier literature closely related to the problems to be solved in this paper is briefly reviewed, and other related literature reviews are summarized in the literature review. Based on the problem to be solved in this paper, some contents are allowed to be repeated. 3. The purpose and significance of this paper briefly introduces the basic concepts and background of the problems studied in this paper. Briefly point out the specific problems to be studied and solved in this paper. Briefly explain the academic advancement or function of solving the above problems. Based on "the problem to be studied and solved in this paper", repetition is allowed. 4. The main content of the paper is to put forward the writing outline or content structure of the whole paper. From this, we can better understand that the problem to be solved in this paper is different from the main content of the paper, but the purpose and core of the paper. A problem that should be paid attention to about the research situation at home and abroad: in content, the abstract of the paper serves the research content and research plan behind it, so the abstract of the paper should be combined with the research content, and it is forbidden to abstract some parts that have nothing to do with the research content. Two: Everyone's research questions are different. Some people's topics are old or hot. Generally, there are many existing methods for this kind of topic, so when summing up, try to narrow down your scope as much as possible, not too big, and get the main points in place; There are also some candidates whose topics are relatively new. Because there are not many people who are studying or just starting at present, and the methods are not so mature and not many, we can consider making the noodles wider when summing up. When summarizing the literature, some keywords or concepts often appear. If everyone knows, don't explain it again and again. If it is not a well-known concept, it is best to attach some concise explanations. Three: paper summary Don't summarize the papers you have read one by one. It can be classified and introduced, and it can also be classified and summarized in the process of historical development. You must have a sense of classification. If you don't know, you can refer to the relevant literature review. At the same time, the summary of each paper should not be too long, just briefly introduce the content of the paper, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of the methods in the literature, that is, my own evaluation of the methods in the literature. If you want to focus on an article in the literature review, you can list some formulas, but you must explain what is in the formulas, and don't just stay there. If you really can't make it clear, you can add some pictures or tables to illustrate it, but there can't be any effect pictures.
Problems needing attention in the opening report
First, the topic should be accurate. The topic is the eyes of the article. It should be bright and radiant. It is a high summary of the research content of the paper and the research center of the whole paper. The topic is to tell others what you want to do or solve any problems. Therefore, we should pay attention to the following aspects: the title should be concise and fully express the original intention of the article, but avoid simply listing phenomena or stating facts; The title of the article should not use official names; The title of the article should reflect the focus of the study, present the research object and the problems to be solved (that is, the research object and content must be presented in the title); The title of the paper should be novel and concise, with no more than 20 words. If it is really necessary to study, the main and sub-topics shall be adopted; Second, the framework should be complete. The main contents of the report framework mainly include: 1. Reason for choosing the topic 2. Literature review 3. Theoretical basis of research. Main content 5. The purpose and significance of the research. Ideas and methods of research. Steps of research. Outline 3. The reason why the topic should be perfect (1) is to explain clearly why we chose this study. First of all, it is more practical to clarify the overall quality of Chinese researchers and comprehensively investigate the cooperative research of researchers in this field; Secondly, what are the representativeness, typicality and novelty of the topic for our future work, study and follow-up research? Third, what is the background and significance of this topic? (II) Literature Review In the process of writing the paper, literature is the theoretical basis and practical support of our article, which has certain theoretical and practical value. Our literature review is prone to make two mistakes. First, it is only a high degree of generalization and summary, and it will be over in a few words; The second is to list all the articles and books. The purpose of literature review is to help us clear our minds and see how the predecessors studied and what research results have been achieved; Literature review is the basis of our existing research. We can't finish the literature review carelessly or carelessly. Literature query must combine the key words of the paper, refine the views of a large number of documents, and think about the highlights of your own research in the summary. (3) The definition of concept is to define the key words of the paper in an operable way, draw lessons from the previous experience, and put forward my own new views in my own research field, especially to explain the practical significance of related concepts in this study. If teaching is a research paper, it must be clearly defined as subject teaching and classroom teaching, which simply refers to teachers' teaching to students, teachers' teaching and students' learning. , must be clearly defined according to the needs of the content of the paper. (IV) Theoretical Basis of Research The theoretical basis of research should be selected according to its own research content. The theoretical basis we often say includes some authoritative educational and teaching viewpoints and theories in philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, sociology and other disciplines. Research object: according to your own topic, determine the research object. First, be sure to introduce clearly where your research object comes from; Secondly, how did you choose these research objects? Third, what age group, education level and so on are your research objects; Fourth, how many people do you study, men and women, and so on. And can also classify the research objects according to the needs of the research. Fourth, the content should be focused and pay attention to the choice of words. The survey content is generally 2~3 points, of course, a little more, but if it is only one point, it is absolutely not enough. In terms of research content, I will mention my own research content first, and then make some simple explanations about my research content. This part is usually half a page to one page, which is basically enough (my own point of view is for reference only). The research content should be combined with the graduation project in the future. Therefore, we should pay attention to the workload and the content involved when deciding the research content. First of all, the workload must be enough, and secondly, the fields involved should not be too scattered. Because in the later graduation thesis, my research content is only two chapters, so my work should be relatively concentrated, which is more conducive to writing graduation thesis in the future. Terminology when writing research content. Generally, you can choose: improve the method of … and put forward the method of …. Never write: the way to realize, the way to learn; When writing your own research content, you must be feasible, have scientific basis and don't imagine it out of thin air.
research method
We must first find out what scientific research methods are available in our scientific research. At present, literature method, investigation method, experiment method, action research method and interview method are widely used in teaching and research in primary and secondary schools. When we introduce our own paper methods, we should not explain the concept of methods, but introduce how you use research methods, such as questionnaires. You should make sure that your questionnaire is self-made. Or your predecessor's? We are studying application, not listing a lot of research methods, but mainly refining one or two research methods and focusing on research.
Research value and innovation
In this part, we can't be empty or list many things that we can't solve at all. For example, some teachers say that his research is conducive to improving the quality of education in a certain area and so on. Some people don't believe the word "improvement" at first glance, and at most it is "improvement". The quality of education can not be improved by one scientific research, and whether the research on local culture has a good popularity remains to be proved; The innovation of research is compared with others' research in this field, which others do not have. The new highlights extracted by yourself are also the highlights of your article. The value and innovation of research should be based on your own research, and you can't list things that are irrelevant or can't be solved by yourself.
Research stage
The research stage mainly refers to the topic selection from the thinking stage to the mature stage of the thesis. This part must be detailed, what to do at each stage, and what kind of results should be presented with a clear purpose; The division of labor in each stage should be clear, and who is responsible for each stage and who handles related matters; The allocation of stage time should be reasonable and implemented step by step and in a planned way.
refer to
The format should be standardized, and the author, title, publisher or publication name in the order should indicate the publication type and date in capital letters (if it is a bibliography, the page number should be clearly written); In addition, the punctuation marks of each part are stipulated, and the font size is generally small five. For articles from different sources, please indicate their article types respectively.
Edit the content and writing requirements of this opening report.
The contents of the opening report generally include: topic selection, argument basis (the purpose and significance of graduation thesis topic selection, research status at home and abroad), research scheme (research objectives, research contents, research methods, research process, key problems and innovations to be solved), and condition analysis (equipment, cooperative units and division of labor, staffing).
2. 1
Opening report-The title of graduation thesis is a high summary of the central idea of graduation thesis, and the requirements are: ① accurate and standardized. It is necessary to accurately summarize the research problems, reflect the depth and breadth of the research, reflect the nature of the research, and reflect the basic requirements of experimental research-therapeutic factors, subjects and experimental results. Making sentences with words is scientific and regular. 2 concise. Use as few words as possible, generally no more than 20 Chinese characters.
2.2
Opening report-the basis of graduation design demonstration. The opening report should consider: ① the purpose and significance of graduation thesis topic selection, that is, to answer why research is needed and explain the value and background of research. Generally speaking, we should first talk about practical needs-the practical significance of research comes from existing problems, and then talk about theoretical and academic value. It should be specific, objective and targeted, pay attention to the basis of data analysis, pay attention to the needs of the development of the times, regions or units, and avoid empty slogans. ② The research status at home and abroad, that is, literature review, should mainly refer to literature, which should be related to the research problem, but not too limited. If it has nothing to do with the problem, it is infinite; Too limited violates the principle of interdisciplinary and infiltration, which narrows the field of vision and stifles thinking. The so-called "synthesis" of review is synthesis, which synthesizes the research survey of a certain subject field in a certain period; "Narration" is not just narration, but comments and comments, that is, the author must have his own unique views. We should pay attention to analysis and research, be good at finding problems, and highlight the position, advantages and breakthrough points of the subject in current research; It is an obvious mistake to abandon prejudice and not quote opinions contrary to your tutor and yourself. The object of review, besides ideas, can also be materials and methods. In addition, the main references cited in the literature review should be recorded, which can reflect the true basis of the author's argument on the one hand and respect the original author's creative work on the other.
2.3
Opening Report-The opening report of graduation design research plan should consider: ① research objectives. Only when the goal is clear and the focus is prominent can we ensure the specific research direction and eliminate the interference of various factors in the research process. ② The content of the study. Determining the specific research content according to the research goal requires the research content to be comprehensive, detailed and thorough, general and vague, and even takes the research purpose and significance as the content, which often makes the research process passive. ③ Research methods. After the topic is established, the most important thing is the method. If we cast pearls before swine and apply methods regardless of the object, mistakes will be inevitable. On the contrary, even if we adopt a new perspective and new methods, we can often draw innovative conclusions. ④ The process of research. The time and sequence of the whole research should be arranged in stages, and the starting and ending time of each stage, the corresponding research content and results should be clear, and there should be no interruption between stages to ensure the continuity of the research process. ⑤ Key problems to be solved. The most important, fundamental and critical difficulties and problems that may be encountered should be accurately and scientifically estimated and judged, and practical solutions and measures should be taken. 6. Be innovative. It is necessary to highlight the key points and highlight the difference between the selected topic and other similar studies.
2.4
Opening report-analysis of graduation design conditions highlights the advantages of material conditions such as instruments and equipment. Clear cooperation units and division of labor, reasonable division of labor, clear their respective work and responsibilities, and pay attention to the close cooperation of all personnel. Advocate the establishment of tutor group, and the selection of tutor group members should fully consider the actual needs of subject research and be based on the complementarity of knowledge structure.
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