As one of the largest developing countries in the world, China and the United States are rich in labor resources, with obvious cost advantages, broad market and unlimited development potential; The other is the largest developed country with the strongest economic and technological strength in the world. Sino-US relations directly affect the development of the world economy. As far as the current Sino-US relations are concerned, they are in the honeymoon period, but problems and conflicts also exist. Because there are no eternal friends and enemies between countries, only eternal interests. As far as the present situation of China and the United States is concerned, there are still problems in ideology, political influence and economic and trade friction.

In the development of modern countries, economy is a powerful material condition of a country, the most core, realistic and practical national interest, which directly determines the status and influence of the country. Therefore, economy and trade are a barometer of the relationship between countries. China and the United States are at different stages of economic development. With the deepening of economic globalization, the economic relations between the two countries have strong mutual benefit and complementarity. At the same time, there are all kinds of frictions in the competition. Sino-US economic and trade frictions are mainly manifested in the following three aspects: trade balance, RMB exchange rate and intellectual property protection.

The widening trade deficit between China and the United States is the decisive factor for the turmoil in Sino-US relations. In 2005, China exported US$ 654.38+062.9 billion and imported US$ 48.73 billion, with a surplus of US$ 654.38+065.438+047.7 billion. According to US statistics, the US trade deficit with China surged by 24.5% in 2005, reaching $201600 million. The reason why there is such a big trade gap between China and the United States is related to the statistical methods adopted by both sides. On the other hand, it is related to the politicization of American economic issues. The statistical differences between China and the United States are mainly due to the particularity of Sino-US trade and the different statistical methods. 60% of China's exports to the United States and 30% of its imports from the United States are re-exported through third parties, mainly Hongkong. After the United States exports China to Hongkong, Southeast Asia and other countries, the products re-exported by these countries to the United States are counted as imports from China. However, when the United States counts its exports to China, it ignores the goods re-exported to China through Hongkong. This is one reason for the statistical difference. Many of the goods exported from China to the United States are goods from American companies in China. China earns only a small processing fee, and a lot of profits are earned by American enterprises in China. According to David? Ricardo's comparative advantage theory says that a country should produce products with comparative advantages and export them through free trade. At the same time, import products with no comparative advantages or disadvantages. Under this framework of free trade, international trade based on the theory of comparative advantage will maximize the trade interests of all participating countries. China and the United States are at different stages of development, and their economies are highly complementary, which also conforms to the theory of comparative advantage. Sino-US trade will cause such a large trade deficit, which is related to the trade restrictions adopted by the United States against China. China's exports to the United States are mainly labor-intensive products, mainly agricultural products, with low added value, which meets the needs of ordinary American consumers. American exports to China should be mainly capital and technology-intensive products. However, the United States politicized its economy and trade and refused to export high technology to China on the grounds of security. American high technology is in the leading position in the world, and technical products also occupy a decisive position in American foreign exports; China is in the process of modernization, and the demand for technical products is constantly expanding. This economic and trade restriction in the United States has seriously affected the complementarity of trade and led to the further expansion of the trade balance. Judging from the trade deficit between China and the United States, what China and the United States lack is understanding and trust. It is this kind of incomprehension and distrust that causes trade friction. Only when China and the United States calm down and strengthen understanding and trust is a better solution, not a direct confrontation.

Another deadlock in Sino-US trade is the RMB exchange rate. Since 1994, RMB has been freely convertible under the current account at the exchange rate of 1 USD to around 8.277. The dollar has been depreciating since 2002. Since 2003, the United States has publicly asked China to adopt a "flexible exchange rate". In the United States, there is a view that China's exchange rate policy has aggravated the domestic unemployment problem. Many Americans blame the US-China trade deficit on the low exchange rate. But in fact, not all American businesses and people want to see the RMB appreciate. At present, China has become the largest holder of US Treasury bonds. If China raises the RMB exchange rate and substantially reduces its holdings of US Treasury bonds, both US government expenditure and personal consumption may be affected. Floating exchange rate and opening capital market will aggravate the inherent difficulties of China's financial industry and disrupt China's economy and even the global economy. In fact, China has implemented the floating mechanism of RMB exchange rate, but this process is relatively slow, but it is completely developed in accordance with the national conditions of China, which is suitable for the development of China. The United States has repeatedly asked for RMB appreciation, and it is unrealistic to ask for a sharp appreciation in one step. There is no right or wrong exchange rate in the world. Only at the right time can a floating exchange rate be beneficial to the economy and trade between China and the United States. On the issue of RMB appreciation, on the one hand, the United States requires RMB to appreciate substantially, on the other hand, it has not set a "timetable" for RMB appreciation. It can be seen that both China and the United States are stakeholders, and no one can do without the development of others. Only when both sides have a better understanding of each other's national conditions and reality can we find the fulcrum of balance between the two sides. Strong oppression is not the solution.

Intellectual property protection is a thorn in Sino-US trade. As early as the 1980s, there were intellectual property disputes between China and the United States. The United States has obvious advantages in technology-intensive industries, so the United States is very concerned about intellectual property protection and regards it as a major issue related to its core competitiveness and leading position. In terms of intellectual property protection, we have not done well enough in China, but we have made great progress in legislation and enforcement of intellectual property protection. We have stepped up inspections to crack down on piracy and counterfeiting activities, and stepped up publicity on public respect for intellectual property rights. However, the protection of intellectual property rights also needs a process and international cooperation, which is not a matter within a country. Only under the guidance of the spirit of seeking truth from facts can China and the United States strengthen dialogue, supervision and cooperation, effectively protect intellectual property rights, ensure full and free competition, and finally resolve intellectual property disputes.

In the world of interdependence and economic globalization, friction is normal and inevitable, which is not terrible. Frequent economic and trade frictions between China and the United States reflect the close economic relations between the two countries. The Sino-American economy is becoming more and more important to both sides. The two sides can only face the problems in trade rationally and properly handle them through equal consultation in the regular coordination and cooperation mechanism. Judging from the trade frictions between China and the United States, they are all caused by different ideologies, different national conditions, mutual ignorance and mutual distrust. Both China and the United States should have a correct attitude and adopt an attitude of cooperation and respect, so as to find the balance of interests between the two countries more effectively and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.

In order to improve Sino-US trade relations and eliminate trade frictions, we in China can take the following measures: continue to deepen economic system reform and improve the operation mode of market economy, so that China will eventually become a real market economy. When dealing with the Sino-US trade deficit and specific trade frictions, it is necessary for China to adopt international trade policy measures such as automatic export restrictions. This has not only played a calming role, but also reduced the cost of trade friction. Actively plan, organize and implement direct investment in the United States. This can not only avoid trade barriers and greatly reduce trade frictions, but also introduce advanced technology and management experience more effectively by investing in factories, and improve the comprehensive international competitiveness of China enterprises. China should also have a thorough and comprehensive understanding of American politics, economy, society and culture. In order to safeguard its own interests, China must learn to understand and think about the problems between China and the United States from the perspective of Americans, and put forward corresponding trade policies and operational skills with the United States. Through the improvement of this understanding, the trade policies and countermeasures towards the United States will be more targeted and effective.

Trade war is not the way out, and neither China nor the United States can afford a trade war. Only by properly handling trade relations between the two sides can we better consolidate relations and better solve ideological and political problems. Dealing with the relationship between a regional development power and a world power is not only beneficial to the two countries, but also beneficial to the two countries. But also plays an important and positive role in world peace and sustainable development.

Sino-US relations are very complicated, and they can't all be solved in a day or two. But as long as we adhere to the principles of contact, understanding, trust, respect and cooperation, we can gradually sort out these problems and solve them step by step.