When you ask this question to middle-aged and elderly people, their answer may not be "you won't live long" or "you don't have a room full of children", but probably "you can't take care of yourself".
As long as they can take care of themselves, this is the wish of many old people in their later years, but when the Alzheimer's disease is getting higher and higher, many people's wishes can only come to nothing.
Recently, The Lancet-Public Health, a sub-issue of The Lancet, an international authoritative journal, published a special issue of China, focusing on the health problems brought about by the aging trend in China. Among them, Jia Jianping, a team from the Department of Neurology, xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, conducted a comprehensive and systematic study on mild cognitive impairment and risk factors of the elderly over 60 years old in China.
This study was conducted from March 20 15 to June 20 18, involving 96 locations in 12 provinces and cities, and selected 460 1 1 elderly people over 60 years old. After detailed statistics, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, other dementia and mild cognitive impairment in China is very high.
Specifically, the prevalence rate of Alzheimer's Harmo's disease is 3.9%, the prevalence rate of vascular dementia is 1.6%, and the prevalence rate of other dementias is 0.5%. That is to say, there are 9.83 million people, 3.92 million people and 1.32 million people in the population over 60 years old in China.
In terms of geographical distribution, the western region has the highest prevalence rate, accounting for 7.5%. 6.3% in the northern region and 4.7% in the southern region. In addition, the prevalence rate of mild cognitive impairment in people over 60 years old is 15.5%, and the number is about 38.77 million.
In terms of gender, the incidence rate of women is higher than that of men. From the pathogenic factors, age and genetic family history are unchangeable risk factors, while smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are modifiable risk factors. In addition, rural areas, low education level, widowed, divorced, living alone and other factors are also the causes.
On the other hand, most patients are not diagnosed and treated and lack professional care. Of the 2766 dementia patients and their families, 1.974 did not see a doctor, and only 1.4% patients took cholinesterase inhibitors and drugs to promote brain health. 65. 1% of the family members have the idea that it is normal for the elderly to forget, 19.7% didn't see a doctor because of financial difficulties, 15.2% felt ashamed and didn't want to see a doctor.
In nursing, 83.9% of the patients were taken care of by their spouses, 10.7% by their children, and 5.4% by nannies or caregivers. Up to 75.3 1% of nurses don't know what dementia is and what treatment is.
Cognitive impairment does not appear immediately, but has a pathological process. Understanding this process is very helpful for the prevention and intervention of senile diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. There are seven processes from initial onset to complete amnesia.
The first stage is that neurons in the brain begin to die. Because the number of deaths is small, it will not interfere with the normal thinking and life of the elderly. And this stage is hard to detect, and we don't even know when it started.
The second stage is the initial stage of symptoms. Patients will have slight forgetfulness or do something wrong, and the symptoms will last and worsen.
The third stage is a concentrated outbreak of forgetfulness. Patients will forget what just happened, but have memories of the past. This stage is also the only window to treat Alzheimer's disease. Although there is no cure for this disease, regular treatment can slow down the progress of the disease and improve the quality of life.
The fourth stage is the real early stage of the disease. Patients will suddenly forget what just happened, such as eating clearly, but forget whether they have eaten or not. Although forgetfulness is the norm, my mind is not confused and I can take care of myself.
The fifth stage is the intermediate stage. Patients can't take care of themselves at all, have no concept of time and space, don't know what they are doing, and don't know what they see.
The sixth stage is the stage of temperament change. Patients not only lose some basic concepts, but also become moody and lose their normal thinking.
The seventh stage is the last chapter of the disease. The patient has no concept at this time. Although he can see and listen, he knows nothing. The patient seems to be isolated from the outside world, leaving only some physiological functions, and his cognition and thinking completely disappear.
In 20 17, The Lancet magazine's The Lancet Committee listed nine potential but changeable risk factors for dementia, including: low education level, hypertension, hearing impairment, smoking, obesity, depression, lack of exercise, diabetes and lack of social interaction. In this year's latest paper, according to the previous risk factors, three types were added, namely: excessive drinking, traumatic brain injury and air pollution.
The evaluation opinions of 28 authoritative experts in the field of dementia around the world are that paying attention to these 12 variable risk factors may prevent and slow down 40% of patients. David Ames, one of the experts involved in the study, said that for the public, it is indeed possible to prevent it by changing some habits.
1. Quit smoking, and at the same time give up drinking or limit drinking;
After 2.40 years old, to control blood pressure at a reasonable level, systolic blood pressure should be kept below 1.30 mmHg for a long time;
3. In life, avoid activities that may lead to head injuries;
4. If hearing loss occurs, choose to use hearing AIDS to reduce hearing loss;
5. Keep a reasonable and healthy diet at any age and insist on physical exercise.
6. Middle-aged and elderly people often socialize and live an active life;
7. Avoid obesity and diabetes after middle age.
Even the elderly can slow down or even prevent dementia by improving their lifestyle. It is never too early or too late. Come on, let's go!
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