Chinese is a tool for people to communicate and a carrier with the most artistic charm and aesthetic taste. Since Chinese was introduced to Vietnam in the third century BC, Chinese characters have been used as the main communication tool in Vietnam for a long time. In the process of spreading Chinese, Vietnam absorbed and borrowed the characteristics of Chinese characters, thus forming its own language. At the same time, Chinese written language conveys the cultural information of the two countries and builds a bridge for the material, institutional and cultural exchanges between China and Vietnam. Key words: Sino-Vietnamese cultural exchange Chinese language is the carrier and expression of China's history and culture, and is an important tool for China's cultural export and cultural exchange. As neighbors of China, the languages of both countries belong to monosyllabic language family. According to linguists, more than half of Vietnamese vocabulary comes from China or China. Among them, political terms are basically derived from Chinese. A large number of Chinese characters were introduced into Vietnam, which had a great impact on Vietnamese culture, writing and social life. For a long time, Vietnamese culture has absorbed and stored the essence of China culture, thus forming its own cultural characteristics. While exporting, China also enjoyed the unique charm of many Vietnamese cultures. As a bridge of cultural exchange between China and Vietnam, the influence of Chinese has a long history. 1 Chinese was introduced to Vietnam. Before the founding of Vietnam, Vietnam and China had already started to communicate. Chinese was introduced into Vietnam. According to documents, the language of ancient West Shu was the earliest and had great influence. Secondly, from the third century BC to the first century BC, people moved to Vietnam during the Qin and Han Dynasties and brought Chinese to Vietnam. Up to now, Vietnam still stores languages left over from ancient times. At about the same time, Chinese characters were also introduced into Vietnam. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, China's writing was also unified. Zhao Tuo, a northerner of China, defeated the king of Anyang by relying on the strength of Qin people and Jiuzhen, and sent two emissaries to govern the state of Yue called Jiao Jiao at that time. And "it seems that there is a county of culture and education, and there is a national custom of poetry and calligraphy." With the population migration and political needs, Vietnamese gradually acquired Chinese characters. 2 the spread of China language and literature in different periods 2. 1 In 207 BC, Qin died. Wei Zhao of the South China Sea "attacked Guilin and Xiang Jun, established the king of South Vietnam, built the country of South Vietnam, and made Panyu its capital". From this time to the formal establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 939, the history of Viet Nam was called "the period of northern dependency". The Qin and Han Dynasties were the initial period of the introduction of China language. Zhao Tuo actively encouraged the study of Chinese language and characters during his reign. It has been further developed in Vietnam. "Jiaozhou Outland" said: "Qin Yu immigrated to the people and infected with foreigners; The best explanation is that the old wind in the south of the moon changed everything. In A.D. 1 year, the Han Dynasty set up a toe-crossing department in South Vietnam to govern nine counties. In 29 AD, Hanzhong Guangren was appointed as the Toe-crossing Taishou, and Nanyang Yanjiu was appointed as the Taishou. They actively spread Chinese, set up schools and educate people with etiquette. The South Vietnamese history book "Historical Records of Da Yue, Belonging to the Western Han Dynasty" also said: "Lingnan style of writing begins and ends." "Two Shouts" inherited from Zhao Tuo, and enlightened Cangwu Guangxin people to kill Xie. During the three kingdoms period, he served as the toe-crossing satrap. At that time, many famous people, such as Cheng Bing, Liu Xi and Xue Zong, came to take refuge by crossing their toes. They and Tu Youyou have made great contributions to the spread of China's spoken and written languages. In particular, the Tu Association is called "the King of Tu" and "the ancestor of southern spread" by Vietnamese historians. With the war, the exchange of celebrities and the migration of residents, Chinese and Chinese characters have been introduced into Vietnam, thus forming a * * *, and the other * * * is the Sui and Tang Dynasties. At this time, Vietnam was called "Annan". Sui and Tang Dynasties carried out the cultural and educational system in Annan. For example, in 845 AD, it was clearly stipulated that Annan could send Jinshi and Mingjing to the Central Committee every year, set up schools in Annan and develop culture and education. All these have created favorable conditions for the spread of Chinese and Chinese characters. The Vietnamese language system has absorbed Chinese vocabulary comprehensively. Today, there are still many Chinese loanwords in Vietnamese that entered the Tang Dynasty. 2.2 At the end of the Tang Dynasty, during the free period, the Tangmen split and declined. In 968, Ding led twelve envoys to unify Annan. The feudal state of Vietnam was formally established, which was called "the period of autonomy". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Chinese characters with transliterated or transliterated Chinese characters began to appear. The Vietnamese localized the Chinese language and characters, which played down its exotic flavor and promoted the popularization of the Chinese language and characters. At the same time, in order to consolidate the feudal regime, Vietnamese rulers took the initiative to learn Chinese and Chinese characters, thus learning Confucianism in China culture. Vietnamese Confucian scholars take learning four books and five classics as their cultivation, and Chinese characters have been called "Confucian characters" by Vietnamese so far. Zhang Fu, the commander-in-chief of the Ming Dynasty, sent more than 16,000 outstanding talents to Nanjing three times, and the Ming Dynasty also sent officials to teach them to read and study the history of China. In A.D. 1070, the establishment of the Confucian Temple marked the peak of the spread of Chinese in Vietnam. The Confucian temple is dominated by Confucianism, and respects Confucius and Chinese studies. In the13rd century, a Vietnamese pronunciation "Nan Zi" created by Chinese characters came into being. Due to the rulers' admiration for Chinese, Nanzi was not popularized. At that time, the ruling class and intellectuals were proud of acquiring Chinese and Chinese characters. In several dynasties, Chinese was the official language, which was used to compile history books and create literary works. In the 19th year of Daoguang 1839 * * *, King Nguyen Fu Yao of Vietnam asked Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty to give him Kangxi Dictionary, so that Vietnamese people could learn Chinese. Vietnam's learning of China's language and writing continued until Vietnam became a French colony. 2.3 From the colonial period to the 7th century A.D./KLOC-0, Vietnam became a French colony, and Western missionaries formulated and designed "Mandarin Chinese Characters" according to the pronunciation of Vietnamese dialects and Latin letters. Vietnamese began to popularize this language. French colonists banned Vietnamese from learning Chinese in order to consolidate their rule. Since then, the status of China's spoken and written languages in Viet Nam has gradually declined, but its influence since the Millennium cannot be eliminated. There are many Chinese words in Vietnamese, which have not been replaced, but written in new ways. That is, Chinese loanwords are written in Putonghua to continue the spread of Chinese language and characters. At the same time, with the development of Vietnamese society, Chinese is still the main language when new words are introduced. At the same time, many China's works were introduced to Vietnam, especially after the outbreak of the bourgeois reform movement in Vietnam. China's classical poems, essays, drama works and martial arts novels have all been translated into Chinese characters. With the help of China's works, Chinese continued to spread to Viet Nam. In the 20th century, Vietnamese people began to realize that Chinese is the key to the study of Vietnamese history, and it has played an important role in Vietnamese life. Therefore, Viet Nam began to resume the study of China's spoken and written languages, and made a series of plans for this purpose. Chinese is the most basic cell of China culture and an important medium for spreading culture. Today, a large number of Chinese words remain in Vietnamese, which is the product of the cooperation between the Chinese and Vietnamese people. At the same time, it also carries the cultural information of China and Vietnam. It is like a bridge connecting the cultures of the two countries, which has a great influence on the material, system and spiritual culture of China and Vietnam. 3. 1 China Language and Material and Cultural Exchanges China and Viet Nam have been neighbors since ancient times, and the material and cultural exchanges between the two countries can be traced back to the primitive society. "China's View of Ancient Literature" records that "toe south has cross-dressing. Zhou Gongju was photographed for six years, and the ritual and music system, the world is peaceful, and the three elephants are presented. "It can be seen that Vietnamese products entered China a long time ago. Since then, the material and cultural exchanges between the two countries have become more colorful, and Chinese language materials are also an important part. Chinese has a lofty position in Vietnam. In order to learn it, the ruler asked China for books several times. For example, Emperor Li Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty sent envoys to ask for city letters. The rulers of the Song Dynasty decided to buy "extra books" besides divination, forbidden books, military books, calendars, imperial edicts and other books. At the same time, Vietnam exchanged its own specialties for books. For example, in 1457, Lao Zengtai, a follower of Li Jun, the King of Yue, said, "Poetry and books are so popular ... since ancient times, every book in China has been borrowed ... with local products and flavors, it is easy to lose and return to the state. "In addition, China also presented books to Viet Nam. Book-giving began in Jingdezhen in the second year. After textual research, there was an endless stream of book-giving in Vietnam in the Song Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, varieties began to increase. In the Ming Dynasty, Confucian books were the main books, while in the Qing Dynasty, they were all books of primary schools in Ding Yu. Before asking for or giving away books, Vietnamese people had learned Chinese and Chinese characters, and then they studied Chinese and Chinese characters in depth. In this process, it also left many material and cultural heritages for China and Viet Nam. 3.2 Exchange of Chinese Language and Sino-Vietnamese Institutional Culture As a part of China's cultural circle, Vietnam's institutional culture is inevitably not influenced by China's culture. Due to the spread of Chinese and its unique position in Vietnam, Vietnam has made full use of Chinese while learning it. Following China's example, Viet Nam established a set of laws and regulations, and used stereotyped writing, poetry, fu and financial strategies as well as China's. At the same time, a school was set up to teach Confucian classics and the history of Chinese dynasties. In addition, the Hunde Code, which was customized in 483, is based on Confucian ethics and refers to the legal provisions formulated by Daming Law, thus determining the hierarchical relationship between family, shanzhai and the whole society. Viet Nam has accepted many traditional institutional cultures of China and at the same time fed back China, which is a local Hanan classic deeply influenced by China's laws and regulations. They represent the return of Vietnamese culture to China. These Chinese classics enable us to understand the system and cultural characteristics of Vietnam. For example, the third volume of Yue Shi records that Li Zhongxing went to the Western Hills, which involved the control, military system, taxation, etc. of past dynasties, and made a brief introduction to the heroes, famous Confucianism, historians and famous doctors from Li Taizu to Mozambique. 3.3 Chinese and Sino-Vietnamese spiritual and cultural exchanges The highest level of cultural exchanges is spiritual and cultural exchanges. We can see from many aspects that in the long process of Chinese language exchange, spiritual and cultural exchanges between the two countries can be seen everywhere in life. Until now, there are big double "hi" at Vietnamese weddings; During the Spring Festival, the word "Fu" should be pasted upside down on the door; When celebrating your birthday, you should also use the word "shou". There are also some very old people in Viet Nam who have the basic skills of China's calligraphy. On holidays, they are busy writing Spring Festival couplets, enjoying funerals, building houses and seeking titles. They are called "Confucian old people". At the same time, because Vietnamese emperors in past dynasties also asked for Buddhist scriptures when sending envoys to Vietnam to pay tribute. Vietnamese who have mastered China's language and writing have similar understanding of Buddhist scriptures to those in China. The introduction of Buddhist classics deeply influenced the religious beliefs in Vietnam. Up to now, many Vietnamese families have Buddhist scriptures with Chinese characters written on their desks or temples. During the spread of China's spoken and written languages, many people have mastered them skillfully. Therefore, from the Li Dynasty to the end of the Chen Dynasty, people wrote books and poems in Chinese characters. For example, in the last years of Chen, the literati Chen wrote "Curling" to the cloud: "The city is cold several times, and the years are long. Bulk can be used in the world, and the heart is jealous and ashamed. Cold pine leaves are bright in the late chrysanthemum garden, and the lonely village is beautiful. If sages pity men, they will be willing to make the heroes a white head. This poem describes Chen's officialdom and its political decay in the late years, as well as the author's anguish. Another example is "Yan Huai" by Yang Konglu, the ninth ancestor of Zen Buddhism in Yan Yuan: Choose a place where dragons and snakes can live, and the wild feelings will be happy all day long. Sometimes I go straight to the top of the lonely peak, and it's too cold to call out. The influence of China Zen on Vietnamese Buddhism in the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties can be seen in Zen poems. At the same time, it also shows the unique cheerfulness of Zen in the Li Dynasty. These works are written in Chinese, so they are inevitably not influenced by China people's values and ways of thinking. For example, Li, the great ancestor of the Lee Dynasty, wrote "Moving the Capital to the Marsh", which "like China classical literature, shows the" neat beauty "and" restrained beauty "of Vietnamese Chinese language and literature works. Because these poems of China were written by Vietnamese, when they were introduced to China, their contents and styles also had Vietnamese thoughts and characteristics. In a word, Chinese is the carrier of China's spiritual and cultural information. In the process of communication, the cultural information it carries may be used or enabled, which has contributed to the cultural exchange between China and Vietnam. Conclusion During the nearly 2,000 years from the 3rd century BC to the beginning of the 2nd century AD1century, Chinese and Chinese characters were introduced to Vietnam continuously, and they also assumed the role of messengers of cultural exchange between China and Vietnam. In recent years, more and more Vietnamese are learning Chinese. It is not only an important bridge for Sino-Vietnamese cultural cooperation, but also an important tool for studying ancient Vietnamese history and culture. Chinese has not only become an important part of Vietnamese language, but also the culture it contains has become a part of Vietnamese culture, which has also opened a door for China to understand Vietnamese culture. Reference [1] Shen Lixin. History of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries. East China Normal University Press, 199 1. [2] Zhang Xiumin. Essays on Sino-Vietnamese relations. Wen Shizhe Publishing House, 1992. [3] Chen. 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