In class, the philosopher Socrates took out an apple, stood in front of the platform and said, "Please smell the air." . A student raised his hand and answered, "I smell the apple ~" Socrates stepped down from the podium, holding an apple in his hand, and walked slowly past each student, telling him, "Please smell it carefully again. Is there an apple smell in the air? At this time, half of the students have raised their hands.

Socrates returned to the podium and repeated the question just now. This time, all the students raised their hands except one who didn't raise their hands. Socrates walked up to the students and asked, "Do you really smell nothing?" The student said positively, "I really don't smell anything."

At this time, Socrates announced to the students: "He is right, because this is a fake apple." This student is the later famous philosopher Plato.

2. Zhong Nanshan

When SARS first came out, many domestic medical authorities thought it was chlamydia virus, but Academician Zhong Nanshan found something else. He boldly questioned and insisted on his point of view many times, which made great contributions to the rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients at that time.

3. Galileo

Galileo experimented with two iron balls with different weights on the leaning tower of Pisa, and came to a conclusion: when an object falls freely, it will not show different speeds because of different weights. Aristotle believes that the speed of falling from a height is directly proportional to the weight of objects with different weights, and the heavier ones must land first.

This conclusion was almost 2000 years before Galileo's arrival, and no one had publicly doubted it. Does the speed of falling objects have anything to do with weight? After repeated observation, research and experiments, Galileo found that if two objects with different weights were dropped from the same height at the same time, they would land at the same time. So Galileo boldly challenged Aristotle's view.

Galileo put forward a brand-new viewpoint: if objects with different weights are subjected to the same air resistance, they will fall from the same height.

4. Seiji Ozawa

Once he went to Europe to take part in a command competition. In the top three finals, he was arranged to participate in the last competition, and the judging Committee gave him a music score. With the demeanor of a world-class conductor, Seiji Ozawa absorbed himself in waving a baton, conducting a world-class band and playing world-class music.

While playing, Seiji Ozawa suddenly found that there was a disharmony in the music. At first, he thought that the performer had made a mistake, so he directed the band to stop and perform once, but he still felt unnatural. At this time, the composers present and the authorities of the jury solemnly declared that there was nothing wrong with the score, but Seiji Ozawa's illusion. Everyone embarrassed him.

In this solemn concert hall, facing hundreds of international musicians and authorities, he could not help but waver in his judgment. But after careful consideration, he firmly believed that his judgment was correct, so he shouted, "No! The score is definitely wrong! " As soon as the shouts stopped, the arrogant judges on the judging platform immediately stood up and gave him warm applause to congratulate him on winning the contest.

It turns out that this is a trap carefully designed by the judges. Although the previous players also found the problem, they also gave up their opinions.

5. Copernicus

Astronomer Copernicus, through constant observation, analysis and calculation of planets, came to the conclusion that "the sun is the center of the universe and the earth revolves around the sun". Heliocentrism's proposal is different from the geocentric theory accepted by scientists in the past. It is different to accept geocentric theory like ordinary people, to insist on oneself, to believe in authority, or to be loyal to practice.

After several years of calculation, he finally affirmed himself. At the last moment of his life, he made the truth public and carried out a revolution.