Social Psychology References —— Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Social Psychology
As a special field of society, the complexity of ideological and political education in colleges and universities is obvious, especially for active college students, which need to be explored from different angles. The purpose of this paper is to explore the manifestation and attribution of moral problems of college students from the perspective of social psychology, and to explore how to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education in colleges and universities in combination with relevant theories of social psychology.
Keywords: social psychology, the effectiveness of ideological and political education in colleges and universities
In the new era, some college students' ideological consciousness, moral quality and psychological problems often coexist. Therefore, in the face of the new situation, ideological and political educators should start with understanding people's psychology, find the best point of convergence between ideological and political educators, ideological and political education methods, ideological and political education situations and the cognitive structure of educated objects, broaden their horizons and explore more effective countermeasures for ideological and political education in colleges and universities.
First, the moral problems of college students from the perspective of social psychology
According to different classification standards, college students' moral problems have different classification forms. From the perspective of moral research, moral problems can be divided into four categories: vague moral cognition, indifferent moral feelings, lack of moral will and bad moral behavior. From the perspective of social psychology, the moral problems of college students can be divided into: individual moral problems, inaccurate cognition of moral roles, deviation of moral personality, lack of moral beliefs and so on. Factors such as moral problems and rights at the interpersonal level have a growing influence on college students' interpersonal relationships. When it comes to self-interest, the problem of honesty is serious, and the problems of love morality and sexual morality are more prominent. Moral problems at the group level, the weakening of public morality consciousness and collective consciousness, the awareness of environmental protection and saving need to be strengthened, and the network moral behavior is still lacking. 1
Second, the socio-psychological attribution of moral problems of college students
(A) the individual psychological level
As far as college students are concerned, their psychology is in a transitional stage from immaturity to maturity. Abstract logical thinking develops rapidly, but it is easy to be subjective and one-sided, and their emotions are increasingly rich but fluctuating. The subjective one-sidedness of cognition makes them unable to cope with the diversity of external cultural information, and it is easy to produce extreme and one-sided ideas in the process of moral judgment; Because of the great emotional fluctuation, college students are more likely to have various negative experiences such as doubt, confusion and confusion due to the damage of moral belief system. If it can't be controlled and adjusted reasonably, it will easily lead to psychological problems, which will lead to ideological problems 2.
(2) Social environment
At present, our society is undergoing an extremely profound change. From the perspective of social moral standards, it is gradually transitioning from traditional moral standards to the reconstruction of modern social moral standards system. The complex social transformation has fundamentally caused great changes in college students' behavior habits, psychological state, way of thinking, values and attitude towards life, and there have been different degrees of moral personality deviation.
Third, the social psychological analysis of improving the effectiveness of ideological and political education in colleges and universities
The key factors to enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education are: educators, educational methods, educational situations and educational objects. The following will be a socio-psychological analysis of these four dimensions.
teaching staff
Ideological and political educators are disseminators of educational information, which is related to the credibility of educational information and has a great influence on the effectiveness of ideological and political education. Ideological and political education can be regarded as a process: educators transmit educational information in various ways and try to change the attitude of the educated. Modern social psychology research holds that in the internal mechanism of target attitude change, before understanding and accepting attitude information, the target often evaluates the communicator to decide how to choose attitude information, although this psychological process is usually unconscious. The same attitude information has different reception effects due to the different evaluations of communicators in the target mind, and the high credibility is more convincing than the low credibility. The P-O-X model in Hyde's cognitive balance theory can illustrate this point. If the target P likes the communicator O and O and agrees with the specific object X, then P also agrees with X, forming a cognitive balance structure of O; However, if P hates O, it will hold a negative attitude towards X that O agrees with, thus realizing the cognitive balance structure of P to O. Therefore, the primary task of improving the effectiveness of ideological and political education is to maintain the high credibility of educators.
Educators should constantly improve their comprehensive quality, not only to improve their professional knowledge and accomplishment, but also to pay attention to their moral cultivation. Only by having both ability and political integrity can we become qualified ideological and political educators. four
(B) Education model
1. Rational education and perceptual education
In ideological and political education, we often use? Understand with reason and move with emotion? Summarize the importance of rational ability and perceptual ability in work practice. But which kind of education is more convincing? In this regard, Hartman tried to measure the functional change of his propaganda effectiveness in persuading people to vote for a political party candidate through his different propaganda methods in his experiments. The results show that the number of candidates who accept perceptual propaganda is greater than that who accept rational propaganda. Hartman believes that emotions and emotions are very infectious and penetrating, which can directly shake the foundation of the original attitude, and views with strong emotional color can enhance the publicity effect. Therefore, ideological and political education must change the way of telling theory with a straight face and replace it with lively perceptual education methods, such as using images and resorting to humor. five
2. Order of stating opinions
According to the first cause effect of learning, the first viewpoint put forward will have a better influence on the educated under the same other conditions. However, recency effect, who has a memory, is most likely to be remembered, so it is more effective when other conditions are the same. Therefore, we should not only use the first cause effect, but also use recency effect to present some important educational information first, and then present some important educational information. Or finally repeat the first important information; When designing discussion education, we should put forward positive views at the beginning and end.
(3) Educational objectives
1. Self-defense tendency of educational objects
People's attitude system is prone to self-defense. When people face the pressure of attitude change, their first reaction is not to change their attitude, but to reject the influence of others. Self-defense is an important way for the subject to maintain a stable attitude, and it is also the first obstacle to attitude change. Therefore, in ideological and political education, a basic way to weaken the self-defense of the ideological and political education object is not to take a simple negative stance on the existing attitude of the education object, so as not to remind people that they are being denied and to stimulate the awareness of self-value protection. Stand close, such as business card effect, self-help effect, distraction, praise first, friendly reminder, starting from mentioning one's own mistakes and other methods used in real life, as well as asymptotic strategies to guide people's attitude change, such as? Threshold technology? , are effective means to avoid self-defense.
2. The emotional experience of the educational object
Emotion is people's psychological experience of whether objective things meet subjective needs. Emotions are divided into positive emotions and negative emotions. Positive emotion is a kind of relaxed and happy inner experience produced by external stimuli; Negative emotion is an inner experience of inhibition, unhappiness and even pain caused by external stimuli. If the educational stimulus makes the educated feel relaxed and happy, it can make the educational content more acceptable; If the educational stimulus makes the educated feel depressed and uncomfortable, the educational content will be difficult to be accepted. Therefore, we should strive to create a relaxed and pleasant educational atmosphere and constantly enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education.
educational background
Ideological and political education is always carried out in a certain situation, and the acceptance of relevant content by the educational object is directly related to its attention state and emotional state at that time. In the research field of social psychology, the influence of communication background on communication effect mainly involves reinforcement, early warning and distraction. These research results have also played a very beneficial role in ideological and political education.
References:
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